Stylistic cov duab yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus poetic uas txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem ntawm tus nyeem ntawv, tsim cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hais lus poetic; lawv ua rau kev nkag siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab ntau dua thiab vivid. Stylistic cov nuj nqis tau paub txij thaum ancient sij hawm, lawv tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Aristotle ("Poetics", "Rhetoric").
Cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm kev hais lus yog qhov muaj zog ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis nws yog qhov txaus ntshai rau kev ua haujlwm nrog lawv: qhov no, cov ntawv sau yuav zoo li cumbersome thiab txawv txawv, tig mus rau hauv phau ntawv qhuav ntawm cov lus piv txwv, kev sib piv., epithets. Artistic saj, a sense of artistic tact - qhov no tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau ib tug novice (thiab venerable) sau tshaj txuj ci, txuj ci.
Language txhais tau tias kev qhia tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob nqe lus. Thawj suav nrog cov kev hloov pauv uas txhim kho qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm cov lus (qhov tseeb stylistic cov duab - anaphora, grotesque, irony, epiphora, synecdoche, antithesis, gradation, oxymoron thiab ntau lwm tus). Cov pab pawg thib ob muaj tropes - cov lus siv hauv kev nkag siab tsis ncaj; lawvkev nthuav qhia, kev nthuav qhia nyob rau hauv kev kos duab rov xav txog lub ntsiab lus lexical (semantics) ntawm lo lus. Tropes muaj xws li metaphor, metonymy, litote, hyperbole, simile, epithet, thiab lwm yam.
Cia peb saib kom ze ntawm qee qhov feem ntau siv cov duab stylistic thiab tropes.
Anaphora - txhais los ntawm Greek - kev sib sau. Ib daim duab stylistic raws li kev rov ua dua ntawm cov lus pib lossis ib feem ntawm kab lus
Rhetorical rov hais dua lossis lus nug - ib nqe lus tsim los ntawm cov lus nug lossis kev thov rov hais dua, feem ntau yog rau cov khoom tsis muaj sia; feem ntau tsis txhais hais tias cov lus teb, siv los qhia, kos xim rau ib feem ntawm cov ntawv nyeem
Au, koj tus uas raug ntaus los ntawm paj huam, Leej twg tsis pom qhov chaw hauv peb cov lus, Kuv hnov tus kws sau paj huam Juvenal:
"Kev txaj muag, npau suav phem, nws hloov kuv mus!" (R. Burns).
Antithesis yog ib qho kev tawm tsam zoo tshaj plaws
Kuv lwj hauv hmoov av, Kuv txib xob quaj nrog kuv lub siab!
Kuv yog vaj - Kuv yog qhev;
Kuv yog kab cua - Kuv yog Vajtswv! (G. R. Derzhavin).
Polyunion - siv ntau dhau ntawm kev sib txuas, txhim kho qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm nqe lus
Kuv tsis xav xaiv tus ntoo khaub lig lossis lub ntxa… (I. Brodsky).
Inversion yog kev txhob txwm hloov pauv ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ib txwm ntawm cov lus hauv kab lus
Yog tias cov duab stylistic feem ntau yog siv hauv cov lus paj huam, tom qab ntawd nrog kev pab ntawm tropes nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig, ua kom cov ntawv sau ntau tshaj tawm thiab nthuav tawm.
Metaphor occupies ib qho chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tropes, yuav luag tag nrho lwm cov tropes muaj feem xyuam rau nws los yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm metaphor manifestation. Yog li, ib qho piv txwv yog kev hloov ntawm ib lub npe los ntawm ib qho khoom mus rau ib qho khoom raws li qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm sab nraud lossis sab hauv, qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov kev xav tau los yog lub tswv yim ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Nws yog ib txwm ua raws li kev sib piv, ntau tus neeg txhais lus txhais tias nws yog kev sib piv nrog kev sib piv tsis sib xws. Tab sis tseem, qhov piv txwv yog qhov nyuaj tshaj qhov kev sib piv, nws ua tiav ntau dua, ua tiav.
Cov hom lus piv txwv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv: hom lus dav dav (sib ntus) thiab kos duab (ib txwm). Lub ntsiab lus piv txwv yog lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov npe tshiab hauv cov lus (ceg ntawm lub rooj zaum, lub spout ntawm lub teapot, kov ntawm lub hnab). Lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib piv, cov duab qhia nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, yog maj mam tshem tawm (ib hom lus piv txwv tseem hu ua erased), cov xim nthuav tawm ntawm nqe lus ploj. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev ua neej nyob, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, dhau los ua qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem:
Anna pov nws lub pob ntawm coquetry…(L. N. Tolstoy).
Cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua piv txwv yog epithet (qhia, qhia meej) thiab tus neeg (kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cim zoo li "los ntawm kev ua neej nyob rau qhov khoom tsis muaj sia"):
Kev nyuaj siab ntsiag to yuav nplij siab thiab kev xyiv fab yuav tshwm sim sai sai …. (A. S. Pushkin).
Hyperbole (kev kos duab exaggeration) suav hais tias yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia thiab muaj zog heev ntawm kev hais lus: dej ntws, dej tsis txaus ntseeg.
Stylisticcov duab thiab tropes ntawm kev hais lus yog lub hauv paus ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov lus. Cov txuj ci ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tsis muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv tas li ntawm cov laus, dhuav nrog txhua hom lus qhia. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tus kws sau ntawv txawj ntse yuav tuaj yeem ua pa ntawm lub neej txawm tias mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej sau ntawv zoo, yog li ua rau cov neeg nyeem nyiam, txhawb kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem.
