Yuav ua li cas sau cov ntaub ntawv siv?

Cov txheej txheem:

Yuav ua li cas sau cov ntaub ntawv siv?
Yuav ua li cas sau cov ntaub ntawv siv?
Anonim

Sau ntawv sau ua haujlwm ntawm txhua yam - daim ntawv, daim ntawv pov thawj, paub daws teeb lossis ib tsab xov xwm - yuav tsum muaj cov khoom xws li cov npe siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nws, raws li txoj cai, yog nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm thiab tsis tsuas yog ib tug naj npawb ntawm cov phau ntawv piav qhia. Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem muab lub tswv yim ntawm qhov zoo ntawm tus sau raws li qhov tseeb, kev coj ncaj ncees hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lwm tus neeg txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim, raug thiab sib xws.

yog dab tsi

Cov ntawv sau muaj cov ncauj lus qhia ntxaws txog qhov uas tus sau cia siab rau hauv nws qhov kev tshawb fawb. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav ntawm qhov chaw:

  • Tus sau ntaub ntawv.
  • Qhov chaw thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm.
  • Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li cas.
  • Npe ntawm tus tshaj tawm.
  • Ntau nplooj ntawv.
  • phau ntawv xov xwm lossis phau ntawv ntim.
cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv
cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no, npaj rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim kom meej, yog hu ua phau ntawv piav qhia thiab tsim cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv raws li GOST. Nws yog nws uas yog cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tshwj xeeb uas muaj tag nrho cov kev cai tsim.

Lub hom phiaj ua phau ntawv teev dab tsi

Yuav muaj ob peb ntawm lawv. Ua ntej, cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog cov khoom siv hauv txhua yam kev tshawb fawb. Yog tsis muaj lawv, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no lossis cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim yuav ua rau tsis ntseeg. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis yog ib qho zais cia rau leej twg uas tus sau yuav siv nws txoj kev paub thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog txhua txheej txheem, kev kawm lossis qhov tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho twg, uas tuaj yeem yog:

  • yav dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb hauv ib cheeb tsam;
  • scientific works of other authors;
  • tutorials thiab reference books;
  • cov ntawv luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam.

daim ntawv mus.

Thib ob, cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog nws txoj haujlwm, kev tshawb fawb uas tus kws sau cia siab rau hauv nws qhov kev tshawb fawb. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm qhov kev xav uas nws tuav ntawm ib qho teeb meem tshwj xeeb.

daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv
daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv

Thib peb, rau cov neeg tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab lossis cov teeb meem ntsig txog, cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sivmuab cov lus qhia tseeb txog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.

Tsim nta

Nov yog lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam nrog rau qhov no ntawm kev ua haujlwm muaj tswv yim, txij li nws suav nrog ntau qhov kev hloov pauv uas tau saib los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis saib xyuas, cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav. Muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog yuav ua li cas kos cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv: piv txwv, cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm, thiab ntau ntxiv. Yog li, dab tsi yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum pib tsim.

Qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev xaiv hauv qab no:

  • nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau, npaj cov peev txheej raws li cov kws sau ntawv lossis cov npe;
  • raws li tau hais los yog hais - ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim, tab sis tsuas yog thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, vim nws ua rau nws nyuaj rau nrhiav qhov tsim nyog, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov haujlwm me me;
  • raws li hom ntaub ntawv, cov npe tau muab tso ua ke raws li hom kev tshaj tawm siv (kev coj ua, kab lus, phau ntawv, thiab lwm yam), muab faib ua ntu, nyob rau hauv uas cov peev txheej tau teeb tsa tus lej;
  • raws li chronology, thaum nws los txog rau kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm thiab koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub sijhawm thiab hnub tshaj tawm ntawm qhov chaw.

Raws li txoj cai, cov tub ntxhais kawm siv ob qho kev xaiv thawj zaug hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.

Bibliographic subtleties

Lub ntsiab lus tom ntej uas koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum txiav txim siab tsim cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv yog cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia. Nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom uas tau teem nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo-txhais kev txiav txim.

  1. Kev qhia tus sau lub npe nrog lub npe. Nws kuj tuaj yeem yog lub npe hu ua.
  2. Lub npe ntawm phau ntawv, phau ntawv kawm, kab lus lossis lwm yam haujlwm yog muab yam tsis muaj nqe lus.
  3. Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog lub npe tau muab.
  4. Tom qab tus lej cim, tus sau lub npe tau muab rau ntawm no dua. Qhov txawv tsuas yog tias cov npe pib nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Yog tias muaj ob lossis peb tus kws sau ntawv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv tau muab tso rau zoo ib yam.
  5. Muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tshaj tawm, suav nrog qhov chaw lossis lub nroog, lub npe tshaj tawm, thiab xyoo tshaj tawm.
  6. Ua raws tag nrho cov nplooj ntawv lossis tus lej yog tias tsuas yog ib feem ntawm phau ntawv lossis phau ntawv xov xwm tau siv.
daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv raws li GOST
daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv raws li GOST

Kwv yees li ntawm txoj kev no cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv raws li GOST tau tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov lus piav qhia. Qhov no yog qhov qhia tau tias cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws yog muab, raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv square brackets thiab ua raws li lub npe. Qhov URL lossis hom nkag tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm phau ntawv teev lus piav qhia.

Cov ntawv nyeem hauv daim ntawv pov thawj: yam koj yuav tsum paub txhawm rau txhawm rau tsim nws

Ntawm no koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm qib no, muaj qee qhov kev xav tau. Lawv hom thiab cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm.

daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv ntawm thesis
daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv ntawm thesis

Raws li koj paub, tus qauv ntawm thesis muaj cov lus qhia, ob peb tshooj, xaus lus, ib daim ntawv teev npesiv cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tom kawg yog kev cob cog rua rau hauv ib txoj kev nrog tag nrho cov npe teev. Hauv kev taw qhia, cov kws sau ntawv uas tau hais txog cov teeb meem tau hais tseg. Yog tias lawv cov haujlwm tau siv thaum sau ntawv, ces yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas hauv cov ntawv nyeem, uas yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia thiab tso cai rau koj los tsim ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv ntawm cov ntawv thesis. Nws nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv piav qhia, ua raws cov lus xaus tab sis ua ntej cov ntawv txuas ntxiv.

Tsis tas li, tus saib xyuas thesis yuav xav tau kev siv "tshiab" qhov chaw hauv kev ua haujlwm, hnub tshaj tawm uas tsis ntxov tshaj li tsib xyoos ua ntej sau daim diploma.

accounting daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv
accounting daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv

Nws tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tag nrho cov lus qhia yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv piav qhia, nyob rau hauv ua ntej qhov xaus thiab cov npe ntawm cov neeg siv. Cov ntsiab lus kawg ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj lawv, txij li thawj zaug muaj tus sau cov lus xaus thiab cov lus pom zoo, thiab qhov thib ob muaj cov peev txheej lawv tus kheej.

Ib txwm, txhua qhov kev qhuab qhia lossis kev tshawb fawb muaj nws tus kheej tsim qauv. Cia peb saib ib co ntawm lawv.

Nkauj hmoob zoo nkauj

Yog koj xav ua ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv los ntawm txoj cai, koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no.

Kev txiav txim ntawm qhov chaw. Nws pib nrog kev cai lij choj thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Tom ntej no tuaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev cai lij choj. Tom qab lawv, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim, yog tus so ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: phau ntawv,cov ntawv xov xwm, cov ntawv tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws thiab cov peev txheej hauv Internet. Yog tias qee lub ntsiab lus ploj lawm, piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv xyaum, ces cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv yuav ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai tam sim ntawd

daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv los ntawm txoj cai
daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv los ntawm txoj cai

Hierarchy nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev cai lij choj. Lawv tau npaj raws li lawv txoj cai lij choj, pib nrog tsab cai lij choj ntawm Lavxias Federation, ua raws li kev cai lij choj thoob ntiaj teb pom zoo los ntawm Russia. Yog tias cov ntawv nyeem ntawm kev ua haujlwm siv kev cog lus thoob ntiaj teb uas lub tebchaws tsis yog tog, qhov txuas mus rau nws yog nyob tam sim tom qab cov npe ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev txiav txim plaub ntug

Qee lub sij hawm tus kws lij choj yuav tsum tig mus rau kev cai lij choj uas twb ploj lawm lawv txoj cai lij choj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lawv kuj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov npe, tab sis muab tso rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm cov npe ntawm cov txheej txheem kev cai lij choj tam sim no. Cov peev txheej no yog ua raws li cov cai teev saum toj no, tsuas yog qhov sib txawv uas cov cim sib raug tau ua nyob rau hauv cov kab ke. Cia li los ua kev cai lij choj, kev txiav txim, kev ua ntawm tsoomfwv thiab cov haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm kev cai lij choj, kev npaj yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li cas. Yog tias cov no yog kev txiav txim lossis kev txiav txim siab, ces lawv siv cov ntawv sau, yog tias ua raws cai, ces chronological.

Yog tias cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm muaj cov lus hais txog ib qho ntawm cov kev cai lij choj ntawm cov koom haum koom haum ntawm Lavxias Federation, ces qhov no tau muab tso rau tom qab kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev cai ntawm tsoomfwv hauv nroog lossis lwm lub xeev cov qauv ua rawsCov kev cai lij choj ntawm cov koom haum koom haum ntawm Lavxias Federation.

Accounting nta

Nws muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb thiab xws li kev ua haujlwm xws li kev suav nyiaj. Daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv siv ntawm no kuj tau muab tso ua ke raws li kev cai lij choj tseem ceeb ntawm cov peev txheej. Txoj cai los ua ntej. Lawv ua raws li cov kev cai, cov lus qhia thiab cov ntaub ntawv xyaum. Tom ntej no tuaj txog kev qhia, phau ntawv thiab ntu ntu.

Yuav tsum paub dab tsi yog txoj haujlwm tswj hwm

Ntawm no yog cov kev cai uas tau muab los saum toj no siv, raws li lawv cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv tau muab tso ua ke. Kev tswj hwm raws li kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov kev lag luam. Yog tias cov lus nug cuam tshuam txog kev cai lij choj, cov cai rau qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm tau siv. Thaum ua tus cwj pwm tsis huv thiab kev tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab, nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias cov qauv thiab cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau muab tso rau tom qab ua raws li kev cai lij choj ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov phau ntawv kawm, phau ntawv, cov ntawv xov xwm thiab lwm yam kev tshaj tawm tau muab tso rau.

Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim

Lawv yuav pab koj thaum kawg paub tias yuav ua li cas muab cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev txiav txim.

Piv txwv ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv qhia lossis kab lus:

  • Sviridov P. R. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov koom haum raug cai [Text] / P. R. Sviridov. - Moscow: Prince's Court, 2013. - 280 p.
  • Petrov F. K. Tsar Peter as a reformer / F. K. Petrov // Philosophical Review. - 2013. - No. 9. - S. 33-38.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov piv txwv, thaj tsam ntawm kev sau ntawv yog sib cais los ntawm kev sib tw ua raws cov npe, thiab tom qab ntawdnpe. Yog tias phau ntawv hais txog ntau tus kws sau ntawv, ces cov lus piav qhia tau muab rau hauv no:

Vetrova Z. K. Nyiaj txiag nyiaj txiag [Text]: phau ntawv kawm rau cov tsev kawm qib siab / Z. K. Vetrova, R. S. Balashova, K. V. Yarkova. - Moscow: Nyiaj txiag, 2011. - 355 p

daim ntawv teev cov piv txwv
daim ntawv teev cov piv txwv

Ib phau ntawv piav qhia pib nrog lub npe yog tias txoj haujlwm muaj plaub tus kws sau ntawv uas nws lub npe thiab lub npe raug muab tom qab tus lej.

Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam [Tej lus]: cov lus qhia qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv / D. R. Mitrokhina, V. A. Goryunova, Z. I. Sinitsyna, P. D. Kartokhin. - Krasnograd: KraDTU Publishing House, 2011. - 265 p

Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv raug siv yog tias muaj kev txuas mus rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm online? Ntawm no koj yuav tsum paub tias cov chaw zoo li no, raws li txoj cai, ua kom tiav cov npe thiab ib txwm qhia txog hom kev nkag mus rau lawv.

Kev tshawb fawb hauv Ukraine [Electronic resource]: ntau yam. kev tshawb fawb magazine / Kievsk. polytechnic un-t. - Hluav taws xob. magazine - Lanky: KPI, 2008. - Journal access mode:

Piv txwv ntawm cov peev txheej raug cai

Yuav ua li cas kos cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv yog tias nws suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, kev ua:

  • Ntawm kev tsim tsa pawg thawj coj saib xyuas kev hloov pauv [Tej ntawv]: Txoj Cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Lavxias ntawm Lub Rau Hli 22, 2013 521 // Sau cov cai lij choj. - 2013. - 31. - Art. 3320.
  • Ntawm qhov xwm txheej nyiaj txiag [Tej lus]: Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai ntawm 30 Lub Ib Hlis. 1-FZ // Sau cov cai. - 2012. - 7, (Lub Ob Hlis 2). - S. 1346-1398 (p. 375)., ib.

Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, ces nws tus qauv tsim yuav ua raws li hauv qab no:

Pom zoo: