National Park ntawm Crimea: npe, piav qhia, duab

Cov txheej txheem:

National Park ntawm Crimea: npe, piav qhia, duab
National Park ntawm Crimea: npe, piav qhia, duab
Anonim

Ob peb hom kev ua si lossis kev lom zem ua si tuaj yeem sib tw nrog kev nyob hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov xwm txheej? Leej twg yuav tsis kam txais kev txaus siab ntawm kev hnov tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev ywj pheej, nqus cua huv, saturated nrog aromas ntawm tshuaj ntsuab thiab nplooj?

Kev tsis pub koj tus kheej ntawm lub sijhawm los tiv tauj cov xwm txheej ntau zaus yog kev ua pauj rau cov txiaj ntsig tau muab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Txij xyoo mus rau xyoo, muaj tsawg dua thiab tsawg qhov chaw uas yuav khaws lawv cov qub tsos. Qhov teeb meem tau tshwm sim ua rau muaj kev yug me nyuam ntawm ecological tourism, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm los pab txhim kho kev coj noj coj ua ua si. Reserves thiab lub teb chaws tiaj ua si ntawm Crimea tsis tuaj yeem sab laug yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas.

National Park ntawm Crimea
National Park ntawm Crimea

Crimean Nature Reserve: Creation

Nws tau yuav luag ib puas xyoo txij li thaum tsim lub ntuj Crimean cia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub pre-revolutionary xyoo ntawm 1913 uas tsarist tsoom fwv txiav txim siab los tsim lub Imperial Hunting Reserve. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xws li artiodactyls tsis tshua muaj xws li bison, Dagestan tur, Corsican mouflon, bezoar tshis, Caucasian mos lwj tau tshwm sim ntawm nws thaj chaw.

Nws tau 10 ntxivxyoo. Cov kev mob siab rau cuam tshuam nrog cov xwm txheej hloov pauv tau txo qis me ntsis, kev ua tsov rog hauv zej zog tuag. Lub Council of People's Commissars ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm tsab cai tshwj xeeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tus qub tsarist cia rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Thaum pib, nws thaj chaw muaj thaj tsam ntawm 16 txhiab hectares, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm 1923 nws tau nce los ntawm 7 txhiab hectares. Cov chaw khaws cia thiab cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws Crimea tau nce ntxiv nyiam cov neeg so haujlwm uas yog cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm eco-tourism.

Thaum kawg ntawm 50s, lub ciam teb hloov nws cov xwm txheej, nrog lub teeb tes ntawm Khrushchev, nws dhau los ua Crimean lub xeev cia thiab yos hav zoov, qhov twg tsuas yog cov thawj coj loj tuaj yeem nyob. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1991, tsoom fwv ntawm lub Ukrainian SSR tau kos npe rau ib tsab cai, ua tsaug uas lub teb chaws rov tig mus rau hauv lub xeev cia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm lub roob nyob rau hauv lub general lub npe ntawm lub Main Crimean Ridge. Tam sim no, lub teb chaws tiaj ua si ntawm Crimea occupies yuav luag 33.4 txhiab hectares.

reserves thiab National Parks ntawm Crimea
reserves thiab National Parks ntawm Crimea

Kev nyab xeeb thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm thaj chaw cia

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm Crimean Reserve tsis tuaj yeem hu ua ruaj khov. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm txoj kab nqes roob thiab altitudinal zonality muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau qhov no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Uppermost siv, qhov kub tsis zoo yuav kav mus txog plaub lub hlis nyob rau hauv lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub highlands, atmospheric nag los poob nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau (ntau tshaj 1000 millimeters ib xyoos), vim hais tias cov qhov chaw ntawm ntau tus dej ntws ntawm Crimea tshwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cia, xws li. Tvelchuk, Alma, Kacha, thiab lwm yam, muaj yuav luag peb puas qhov chaw nyob hauv roob ntawm Crimean Reserve. Ntau tus ntawm lawv kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nto moo Savluh-Su sawv tawm - nws cov dej yog saturated nrog nyiaj ions.

Cov nroj tsuag ntawm thaj chaw nyob rau hauv lub xeev kev tiv thaiv muaj ntau haiv neeg, cov tsiaj muaj ntau tshaj 1200. Cov hav zoov loj hlob txawv ntawm ib leeg, qhov twg ib hom ntoo hauv qab no predominates:

  • Crimean ntoo thuv thiab Scotch ntoo thuv;
  • oak;
  • hornbeam;
  • beech.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw hav zoov ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv no hais txog kev tiv thaiv av thiab kev txuag dej. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg hauv zos paub tias lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws nyob hauv Crimea.

National Parks ntawm Crimea daim ntawv teev npe
National Parks ntawm Crimea daim ntawv teev npe

Leej twg nyob hauv lub ntsiab cia ntawm Crimea?

Tsiaj ntawm chav kawm ntawm vertebrates yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau tshaj ob puas hom. Ib tug mos lwj liab los yog moufflon, ceev ceev Crimean roe mos lwj, yuav tsum tsis txhob tuaj raws li ib tug surprise. Black vultures, griffon vultures thiab owls, ntawm uas muaj ntau hom, xav tias yooj yim. Lub xeev tau noj nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv tsib caug-ob hom tsiaj, thiab peb caug tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Cov no suav nrog:

  • dub stork;
  • bustard;
  • grey crane;
  • owl;
  • Crimean scorpion;
  • paj yeeb hnub qub, thiab lwm yam.

Cov dej ntws ntawm thaj chaw tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem khav tau ntau hom dej tshiab. Tab sis ntawm lawv muaj xws li tsis tshua muaj ntses liCrimean barbel thiab brook trout. Tsis muaj ntau lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov roob ris dej tshiab. Cov chaw khaws cia thiab cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws Crimea yog cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm txhua tus neeg, yog li tib neeg yuav tsum saib xyuas cov chaw zoo nkauj no.

Ecological txoj kev thiab thaj chaw ua si tau tsim los ntawm no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Txhua tus neeg uas xav paub txog kev nplua nuj ntawm Crimea muaj lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb kom pom nws nrog lawv lub qhov muag.

Y alta Roob Hav Zoov Hav Zoov Xwm

Qhov pib ntawm qhov chaw cia nrog thaj tsam ntawm 14 txhiab 176 hectares yog xyoo 1973. Dab tsi yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws nyob hauv Crimea excites ntau cov neeg so. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, thaj chaw no yog lub ntsiab kev noj qab haus huv chaw so, yog li cov neeg xav paub seb puas muaj hav zoov thiab ecologically huv ces kaum niaj hnub no.

dab tsi reserves national parks nyob rau hauv Crimea
dab tsi reserves national parks nyob rau hauv Crimea

Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub roob ntawm qhov chaw cia no loj hlob ntoo nrog cov pob tw siab - Crimean thiab cov ntoo zoo tib yam. Thickets ntawm ntoo qhib thiab beech yog tej zaum hloov los ntawm undergrowth, uas muaj evergreen sawv cev ntawm lub Mediterranean. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li kev nyab xeeb ntawm ko taw yog tib yam li hauv cov chaw so ntawm Hiav Txwv Mediterranean. Qhov siab dua, qhov sib piv ntau dua.

tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov cia

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv hauv xeev yog 78. Nov yog qee qhov ntawm lawv:

  • Adenophora Crimean;
  • maidenhair (los yog venus plaub hau);
  • small-fruited strawberry;
  • siab juniper;
  • Crimean rockrose;
  • Crimean peony;
  • Crimean violet;
  • Bieberstein's shard thiab lwm tus

Tseem muaj cov tsiaj uas tau kis thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw tiv thaiv (lub sij hawm kev tshawb fawb yog "ib hom kab mob"), piv txwv li:

  • YCrimean bindweed;
  • carnation qis;
  • YCrimean geranium;
  • Dubrovnik Yaylinskiy;
  • Crimean peony thiab lwm tus

Cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws ntawm Crimea yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Cov npe ntawm thaj chaw ua si tuaj yeem pom hauv kab lus no.

Nyob ntawm lub reserve

Cov tsiaj reptiles nkag los yog bask ntawm pob zeb hauv cov nyom nyom: Crimean lizard, Crimean gecko, nab nab, daj-bellied lizard (legless lizard), tooj liab taub hau (los ntawm tsev neeg ntawm twb-zoo li tus). Raws li kev tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub xeev muaj cov tsiaj los ntawm cov genus ntawm cov puav: puav, hmo ntuj puav, horseshoe bats thiab yav tsaus ntuj puav.

Ai-Petri, dej tsaws tsag Uchan-Su (tsuas yog 8 km ntawm Y alta), Lub Qhov tsua Peb-Eyed ntawm Ai-Petri, Dab Ntxwg Nyoog Staircase Pass (los yog hauv Turkic version "Shaitan-Merdven") tuaj yeem ua tau. suav tias yog kev khav theeb ntawm Y alta Reserve.

Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Y alta Reserve them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev qhia cov pej xeem hauv ib puag ncig. Lub hom phiaj no yog pab los ntawm ecological txoj kev thiab txoj kev rau txhua tus neeg uas xav kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog cov chaw hauv zos. Lub teb chaws chaw ua si ntawm Crimea tau dhau los ua nto moo. Cov npe ntawm cov chaw no tau pom zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm deb ntawm USSR. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev kho cov chaw no nrog kev saib xyuas kom peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tuaj yeem txaus siab rau lub ntuj zoo nkauj ntawm Russia.

Azov-Sivash National Natural Park

Lub tiaj ua si no tau tshwm sim yuav luag nees nkaum xyoo dhau los - xyoo 1993. Ua ntej ntawd, muaj Azov-Sivash Reserve. Txawm hais tias lub tiaj ua si ntuj raug suav hais tias yog Crimean, txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov nws nyob hauv cheeb tsam Kherson. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws nyob sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Azov nrog thaj tsam ntawm 57,400 hectares.

National Parks ntawm Crimea List
National Parks ntawm Crimea List

Tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm lub tiaj ua si thaj chaw yog nyob rau ntawm lub hiav txwv ntov hu ua Biryuchy Island thiab lwm cov kob me me nyob ze. Yuav luag tsib caug hom fauna uas nyob hauv Azov-Sivash National Park tau muab tso rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab. Tau kawg, lub tiaj ua si tseem ceeb ntawm Crimea tsis tuaj yeem muab piv nrog thaj chaw no.

Reserve "Cape Martyan"

Yog tias koj tsav tsheb me ntsis mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub npe nrov Nikitsky Botanical Garden, koj yuav tau ntsib Cape Martyan Nature Reserve ntawm txoj kev. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm nws thaj chaw, suav nrog thaj tsam Hiav Txwv Dub, yog 240 hectares. Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev khaws cia tau muab rau nws hauv 1973, txawm hais tias lub xeev tau coj nws los tiv thaiv rov qab rau xyoo 1947.

Daim npav mus saib ntawm lub ciam teb yog lub hav zoov relict, qhov tsawg kawg yog tsib puas hom nroj tsuag loj hlob, feem ntau yog hom Mediterranean. Lub npe "Liab Strawberry" (los yog "Small-fruited Strawberry") muaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab International. Qhov no yog qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg sawv cev ntawm broad-leaved evergreen ntoo, uas yog pom nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Qhov no kuj yog lub teb chaws tiaj ua si ntawm Crimea,yog li ntawd, cov neeg nyob thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm thaj chaw no raug kho raws li kev tshwj xeeb.

cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws twg muaj nyob hauv Crimea
cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws twg muaj nyob hauv Crimea

Reserve "Swan Islands"

Nyob hauv Karkinitsky Gulf - ib feem ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub, txwv los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub poob Crimean ntug dej hiav txwv - muaj Lebyazhy Islands tuaj thiab ib lub npe ntawm tib lub npe. Nws cheeb tsam tag nrho yog 9612 hectares.

Cov ciam teb yog ib feem ntawm txoj hauv kev uas cov noog ya los ntawm Tebchaws Europe mus rau sab qab teb (rau Asia, Africa). Cormorants, flamingos, herring gulls, herons, thiab lwm yam tau xaiv cov Islands tuaj los tsim lawv lub zes. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog 265 hom noog.

National Parks ntawm Crimea npe
National Parks ntawm Crimea npe

Txhua tus neeg yuav tsum tau mus xyuas cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws Crimea, ib daim ntawv teev npe uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no. Cov chaw no zoo siab thiab xav tsis thoob nrog lawv cov naturalness.

Pom zoo: