Dab tsi yog phau ntawv txhais lus etymological? Keeb kwm thiab etymological phau ntawv txhais lus

Cov txheej txheem:

Dab tsi yog phau ntawv txhais lus etymological? Keeb kwm thiab etymological phau ntawv txhais lus
Dab tsi yog phau ntawv txhais lus etymological? Keeb kwm thiab etymological phau ntawv txhais lus
Anonim

Kev rov ua tiav ntawm cov lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab ua rau cov lus hais ib txwm muaj ntau dua thiab ntau dua. Cov lus uas twb paub lawm tsis yog lag luam tom qab cov tshiab - lawv tuaj yeem maj mam hloov lawv lub ntsiab lus, muab cov ntsiab lus tshiab rau lawv. Peb cov lus hais yog cov kab mob muaj sia uas ua tib zoo txiav cov khoom tuag thiab tsis muaj zog ntawm nws tus kheej, loj hlob hauv cov lus tshiab, tshiab thiab tsim nyog. Thiab kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus tshiab, koj xav tau phau ntawv txhais lus etymological. Nws cov haujlwm, qauv thiab lub ntsiab lus tau piav qhia hauv qab no.

phau ntawv txhais lus etymological
phau ntawv txhais lus etymological

Definition

Dab tsi yog phau ntawv txhais lus etymological? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub tsev ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv thaum ub nrog cobweb-them tomes tuaj rau hauv siab. Tab sis tam sim no, ua tsaug rau hauv Internet, phau ntawv txhais lus etymological ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus muaj nyob rau hauv lub widest voj voog ntawm cov pejxeem. Koj tuaj yeem siv nws txhua lub sijhawm.

etymological phau ntawv txhais lus lub ntsiab lus
etymological phau ntawv txhais lus lub ntsiab lus

Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi phau ntawv txhais lus etymological muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus. Xws li dictionaries txiav txim lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab keeb kwm ntawm ntau lo lus. Muaj ntau cov lus yog cov uas tsis yog-Slavic keeb kwm, lawv lub ntsiab lus qubtej zaum nws yog heev deb ntawm qhov feem ntau txais. Txawm tias lo lus "etymology" yog los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Lo lus no yog qiv los ntawm cov lus Greek thiab muaj ob ntu: hauv kev txhais lus etymos txhais tau tias "qhov tseeb", logos txhais tau tias "lo lus". Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no txhais tau tias "qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus." Twb tau ib qho kev xaiv muab ib lub tswv yim ntawm dab tsi etymology ua thiab dab tsi phau ntawv txhais lus etymological yog. Feem ntau, xws li phau ntawv txhais lus yog cov npe ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws lossis Lavxias teb sab, txhua tus muaj nws keeb kwm thiab kev txhais lus.

History of etymology

Kev sim piav qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus tau tshwm sim ntev ua ntej kev tshaj tawm, cov ntawv sau ntawm Sumerian, Egyptian ancient, Akkadian sages tau nqis los rau peb, uas lawv piav qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus ntawm lawv haiv neeg. lus. Thiab twb nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb ntawd muaj cov lus uas laus dua li qub kev vam meej tshaj plaws, lub hauv paus chiv keeb, feem ntau, yuav nyob twj ywm unexplained.

phau ntawv txhais lus etymological txhais li cas
phau ntawv txhais lus etymological txhais li cas

Tau ntau pua xyoo, cov lus thiab lub tebchaws tau sib xyaw, nqus thiab ploj mus, rov txhawb cov lus tshiab. Tab sis muaj ib txwm muaj cov neeg uas sau cov lus tseem muaj sia nyob thiab sim txhais lawv. Thawj phau ntawv txhais lus etymological suav nrog ob peb lo lus thiab teeb cov kab lus. Tom qab ntawd, cov lus tau nthuav dav, thiab txhua ntu ntawm kev hais lus tau muab nws tus kheej txhais.

Russian lus

Thawj phau ntawv txhais lus etymological ntawm Lavxias teb sab tau luam tawm xyoo 1835. Tab sis ntev ua ntej ntawd, tau sim piav qhialub ntsiab lus thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov lus. Yog li, Lev Uspensky nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv zoo "Ib lo lus hais txog cov lus" quotes Feofany Prokopovich cov kab lus uas sau phau ntawv txhais lus - "Ua ib phau ntawv txhais lus" - yog ib txoj hauj lwm nyuaj thiab mob siab rau. Txawm tias tsuas yog sau tag nrho cov lus ntawm cov lus sau, sib cais cov lus siv los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, hom lus, hom lus yog overwork. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus neeg txhawb nqa tau muab ntau xyoo hauv lawv lub neej txhawm rau sau cov lus ntawm lawv hom lus rau hauv ib phau ntawv txhais lus etymological.

keeb kwm etymological phau ntawv txhais lus
keeb kwm etymological phau ntawv txhais lus

thawj phau ntawv txhais lus

Keeb Kwm tau khaws cov npe ntawm thawj tus neeg nyiam, sau cov lus Lavxias. Lawv yog F. S. Shimkevich, K. F. Reiff, M. M. Izyumov, N. V. Goryaev, A. N. Chudino thiab lwm tus. Thawj etymological phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus nyob rau hauv nws niaj hnub daim ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Nws cov compilers yog ib pab pawg neeg txawj lus coj los ntawm xibfwb AG. Preobrazhensky. Nyob rau hauv lub npe "Etymological Dictionary ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus" nws tau reprinted ob peb zaug, nrog rau kev hloov thiab ntxiv. Qhov kawg paub tsab hnub tim 1954.

Phau ntawv txhais lus txhais lus tshaj plaws tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm M. Vasmer. Phau ntawv tau luam tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1953. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam lus uas tau luam tawm tom qab los ntawm Lavxias teb sab linguists, Fasmer Etymological Dictionary ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yog suav hais tias yog qhov tshaj tawm tshaj tawm ntawm hom no.

Dab tsi yog phau ntawv txhais lus etymological
Dab tsi yog phau ntawv txhais lus etymological

Cov lus kawm tau li cas

Cov lus ntawm txhua tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb zoo li tus dej - nws hloov pauv tas li thiabsiv cov ntawv tshiab. Peb txhua tus tau pom tias yuav maj mam tshiab, qiv lossis hloov cov lus thiab tag nrho cov kab lus nkag mus rau cov lus hais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntsiab lus uas siv tsis tau siv thiab tsis tshua siv tau tawm mus - "tshem tawm" ntawm cov lus. Cov ntawv sau cov lus kuj tau hloov pauv - qee zaum cov kab lus tau yooj yim dua, qee zaum lawv hnyav dua nrog cov kev tsim ntxiv uas ua rau kev hais lus ntau dua thiab nthuav tawm.

Kev txhais lus

Piav cov lus tsis yog ib txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Txoj kev kawm ntawm ib lo lus tsis yog tsuas yog cov npe ntawm nws cov kev txhais lus yav dhau los thiab tam sim no, tab sis kuj nrhiav cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus uas zoo sib xws hauv suab lossis kev sau ntawv, tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib hom lus mus rau lwm tus. Cov phau ntawv txhais lus keeb kwm thiab etymological yuav qhia txog keeb kwm kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim nrog ntau cov lus ntawm Lavxias. Nws tsom mus rau yuav ua li cas ntau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus muab hloov pauv lub sijhawm. Kuj tseem muaj cov phau ntawv txhais lus luv luv - nws feem ntau qhia cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm lo lus thiab nws cov keeb kwm tshwm sim.

luv luv etymological phau ntawv txhais lus
luv luv etymological phau ntawv txhais lus

Ib yam piv txwv

Dab tsi yog phau ntawv txhais lus etymological, cia peb saib ob peb yam piv txwv. Txhua leej txhua tus paub txog lo lus "entrant". Lub etymological phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus piav qhia tias chav tsev lus lus no muaj keeb kwm German. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov Germans lo lus los ntawm Latin. Hauv cov lus ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub, nws txhais tau tias "tawm mus." Yuav luag tib lub ntsiab lus tau muab rau lo lus hauv German. Tab sis niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus muab "entrant" txawv kiag lilub ntsiab lus. Niaj hnub no, qhov no yog lub npe ntawm tus neeg uas tuaj rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Cov phau ntawv txhais lus etymological kuj qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no - nkag, nkag. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias tsawg dua adjectives thiab cognate cov lus, tom qab no linguistic chav tsev nkag mus rau Lavxias teb sab lus. Lub hnub yug ntawm Lavxias teb sab "entrant" tsis tshwm sim ua ntej pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th.

Tej zaum cov lus uas peb tau siv los xav txog Lavxias muaj keeb kwm tsis txaus ntseeg? Ntawm no, piv txwv li, yog lo lus paub thiab paub "heel". Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los piav qhia nws, nws muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus Slavic, nws kuj pom nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias teb sab ntawv. Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm ntawm lo lus no, thiab tseem tsis muaj kev xav tsis meej txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm "pob luj taws". Qee tus muab nws los ntawm cov hauv paus Slavic "hnub", uas txhais tau tias "khoov, luj tshib." Lwm cov kws tshawb fawb hais txog Turkic version - hauv cov lus ntawm Tatars thiab Mongols, "kaab" txhais tau tias "pob taws". Cov phau ntawv txhais lus etymological tsis ncaj ncees muab ob qho tib si ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm "pob luj taws" ntawm nws nplooj ntawv, tawm hauv kev xaiv rau nws cov neeg nyeem.

Cia peb xav txog lwm lo lus paub - "sneak". Yog li peb hu headphones thiab scammers. Tam sim no, "sneak" yog kev foom tsis zoo, tab sis muaj ib zaug ib tug txiv neej-sneak nyob rau hauv kev hwm thiab hwm. Nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia qhov no yog lub npe muab rau pej xeem prosecutors - tam sim no, xws li ib tug txoj hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv prosecutors. Lo lus muaj keeb kwm qub Norse. Interestingly, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus Slavic (tshwj tsis yog Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian) nws tsis yog siv.

Results

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm etymologicalcov lus yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate. Yog hais tias kev txhais lus ntawm tus kheej cov lus paub, nws yog yooj yim to taub tag nrho cov nuances ntawm nws lub ntsiab lus. Phau ntawv txhais lus etymological yuav ua rau nws nyeem ntawv ntau dua, vim hais tias feem ntau cov ntawv sau raug hauv Lavxias raug kuaj los ntawm kev xaiv cov lus nrog tib lub hauv paus.

etymological phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus
etymological phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus Lavxias tseem ceeb heev rau kev qiv nyiaj ntau. Cov lus ntawm German, Askiv, Fabkis muaj nyob rau hauv nws nyob rau hauv ib tug me ntsis hloov daim ntawv, qhov tseeb ntawm uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam nrog tib phau ntawv txhais lus. Tsis tas yuav piav qhia tias phau ntawv txhais lus etymological txhais tau li cas rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm humanitarian universities, cov neeg sau xov xwm, cov neeg txhais lus, cov xibfwb qhia ntawv. Rau txhua tus uas nws txoj hauj lwm txuas nrog lo lus. Rau lawv, phau ntawv txhais lus etymological yog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.

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