Lub Strait ntawm Gibr altar, los yog tsuas yog Gibr altar, yog lub strait uas cais cov teb chaws Europe, los yog lub yav qab teb kawg ntawm lub Iberian Peninsula, los ntawm African ntug dej hiav txwv.
Strait ntawm Gibr altar nyob qhov twg ntawm daim ntawv qhia? Nws qhov kev sib koom ua ke, qhov tsis sib xws thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv hais txog thaj chaw no yuav raug nthuav tawm hauv kab lus. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab rau ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov dav ntawm Strait of Gibr altar thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws, qhov tob, thiab lwm yam.
Npe keeb kwm
Lub Cape ntawm Gibr altar (thiab tom qab ntawd lub Strait ntawm Gibr altar) tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm Spanishized Arabic lub npe "Mount Tariq" (Jabal al-Tariq). Nws yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, tom qab lub npe hu ua Arab tus thawj coj Tariq ibn Ziyad tsaws nrog nws cov tub rog, thiab los ntawm no lub zog Muslim kis mus rau Iberian Peninsula.
Kev Kawm
Mount Jebel Musa, nws qhov siab yog 851 meters, nrog rau Pob Zeb ntawm Gibr altar nyob hauv PyreneesQhov siab 426 meters, yog qhov siab loj. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm lawv raug hu ua Pillars ntawm Hercules. Raws li cov lus dab neeg thaum ub, nws yog Hercules (Hercules) uas tau hla lub Strait ntawm Gibr altar, ua nws txoj kev hla Atlas Toj siab uas cuam tshuam nrog nws, cov seem ntawm cov ntug dej tau muab npe tom qab nws. Raws li Plato, lub Atlantis mysterious tau nyob rau hauv qab lub Pillars ntawm Hercules.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem muaj ntau qhov kev xav rau kev tsim ntawm Strait of Gibr altar. Raws li feem ntau, nws, ua ke nrog Mediterranean Hiav Txwv, tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov seem ntawm Tethys dej hiav txwv thaum ub, qhov kev maj mam txo qis thiab ploj mus uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav ntawm daim phiaj lithospheric mus rau sab qaum teb. Raws li qhov thib ob version, cov dej ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic tau ua rau lawv txoj kev mus rau Hiav Txwv Mediterranean ib zaug.
Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj ntseeg tias dhau li ntawm ntau lab xyoo dhau los qhov kev sib tw tau tshwm sim thiab ploj mus. Qhov no yuav tau tham ntxiv hauv qab no.
Kev piav qhia, tsis muaj
thaj chaw tswj hwm ntawm strait - 35 ° 58'18 "s. sh. 5° 29'09" W e. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: los ntawm sab av loj African - lub nroog Jebel Musa thiab Cape Spartel, los ntawm sab Europe - Cape Carnero thiab Cape Trafalgar.
Dab tsi yog qhov dav tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm Strait of Gibr altar? Nws yog 14 km. Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 44, thiab nws qhov ntev yog 65 km.
Dab tsi yog qhov dav tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm Strait of Gibr altar, peb pom, tab sis qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov tob? Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog 53 meters thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws yog 1184 meters.
Tam sim no nyob rau hauv strait ntawm nws txawvqhov tob yog qhia nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia. Los ntawm lub Atlantic mus rau lub hiav txwv Mediterranean, dej nqa ib tug ntog tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub opposite kev taw qhia - ib tug tob. Cov dej sib txawv ntawm salinity thiab kub. Cov tsis muaj dej Atlantic yog raws li nram no: salinity - ntau tshaj 36%, nruab nrab kub - 17 degrees saum toj no xoom. Mediterranean - 38% thiab 13.5 degrees feem.
Lub Strait ntawm Gibr altar yog navigable thiab muaj cov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb, uas yog, cov nkoj thauj mus los yuav tsum hla nws dawb, tsis muaj kev txwv thiab sib npaug. Thiab cov xeev ciam teb ntawm nws yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem no. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm lub strait yog qhov zoo, ntawm no yog cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Tangier (Morocco), Al Heciras, La Linea, Ceuta (Spain).
Ferries (ntau txoj kev) khiav hla tus strait.
Lub teb chaws, pejxeem
Nyob rau sab qaum teb, ntawm Iberian Peninsula, yog Spain. Nws yog cais los ntawm Strait of Gibr altar los ntawm African Morocco. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau ntawm lub Cape ntawm Gibr altar (lub pob zeb thiab lub isthmus uas txuas nws nrog ceg av qab teb) hnub no muaj ib tug British Overseas Territory, thaj tsam ntawm 6.5 km 2. Qhov kev koom tes no tau tawm tsam los ntawm Spain, tab sis tam sim no tsis muaj kev vam meej.
Cov pej xeem ntawm Gibr altar yog EU thiab UK cov pej xeem. Thaj chaw yog sawv cev hauv EU los ntawm UK cov tswv cuab, thiab nws cov pej xeem tuaj yeem koom nrog kev xaiv tsa rau European Parliament.
Nov yog NATO naval puag.
Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb
- Thaum nws keeb kwm, lub strait tau kaw thiab qhib tsawg kawg yog kaum ib zaug vim muaj kev hloov tectonic, uas ua tsis tau tab sis ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom cuam tshuam nrog nws. Yog li, raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, rau rau lab xyoo dhau los, vim nws qhov kev kaw tsis tu ncua, qib ntawm salinity ntawm cov dej ntawm Hiav Txwv Mediterranean tau nce ntau. Yog li ntawd, ib txheej ntawm thiaj li hu ua cem quav tsim - deposits tshwm sim los ntawm evaporation ntawm dej. Lawv tuab yog li ob kilometers. Tom qab kwv yees li 5.3 lab xyoo, qhov chaw nres nkoj rov qhib dua. Cov kws tshawb fawb kwv yees nws qhov kev kaw tom ntej no vim yog kev txav ntawm cov phaj lithospheric hauv ob peb lab xyoo.
- Cov neeg Askiv muaj lub cim nthuav dav: lawv txoj kev tswj hwm ntawm lub cape yuav tsis xaus kom txog thaum cov liab ntawm ib hom tsiaj tsawg ntawm magots nyob ntawm lub pob zeb ntawm Gibr altar. Lawv tsuas yog cov tsiaj qus primates hauv Europe. Lawv cov pej xeem raug saib xyuas los ntawm ib tus thawj coj tshwj xeeb, uas nws txoj haujlwm lub suab zoo li "tus thawj coj saib xyuas liab." Nws tau tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.
Nyob hauv kaw
Cov kab lus luv luv piav qhia txog Strait of Gibr altar - nws qhov tsis muaj, qhov chaw, nta. Dab tsi yog qhov dav tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm Strait of Gibr altar, qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab qhov tob, tam sim no paub.
