Qhov sib npaug ze tshaj ntawm qhov kev qhia ua tau tuaj yeem ua tau. Kev siv qhov kev tsim kho hauv lus Askiv yog qhov cuam tshuam rau txhua lub sijhawm: rau tam sim no, yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej tenses. Feem ntau nws yog ib qho kev hloov rau cov lus qhia modal tuaj yeem (yuav tau los yog tau). Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb. Wb saib tag nrho cov xwm txheej uas yuav tsim nyog es tsis txhob hais tias kuv muaj peev xwm + ua tau ib yam dab tsi (ua ib yam dab tsi).
qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb
Tej zaum txhua tus neeg kawm lus Askiv pib nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus qhia. Dab tsi yog modal verb? Qhov no yog tib feem ntawm kev hais lus uas teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas" thiab qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li cov lus qhia zoo tib yam, modal verbs raug txwv nyob rau hauv tenses, txhais tau tias lawv tsuas siv tau nyob rau hauv ob peb lub sij hawm. Cov lus qhia tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov lus qhia modal thiab yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "yuav tsum tau ua ib yam dab tsi", qhia txog ib tug tiag tiag lub sij hawm mus ua hauj lwm, muaj peev xwm ua tau lub hlwb los yog lub cev ua hauj lwm. Nov yog nws qhov txawv ntawm lwm tusverbs:
- Yuav siv tau ob lub sijhawm (tam sim no thiab yav dhau los);
- Nyob rau yav dhau los Yooj yim nws siv daim ntawv tuaj yeem;
- Tom qab cov lus qhia ua tau, peb yeej tsis siv cov lus rau.
Cas study
Rau qhov kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lub ncauj lus, ntau tus kws qhia ntawv qhia kev nco txog cov piv txwv thiab kab lus uas siv lo lus lossis kab lus peb xav tau.
Piv txwv li, kab lus "Kuv tuaj yeem pab koj ua haujlwm tom tsev" tuaj yeem txhais ua lus Askiv ua ob txoj hauv kev: nrog cov lus qhia paub tau lossis siv tau. Cov lus hauv qab no piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv thiab kev siv cov cai rau txhua qhov lus qhia.
| Vajtswv daim ntawv | Hmong translation | Txoj Cai Memorization |
| Can | Kuv tuaj yeem pab koj ua haujlwm tom tsev | Tsis muaj qhov sib piv ntawm modal can thiab semantic verb help |
| Yuav tau | Kuv tuaj yeem pab koj ua homework | Thov nco ntsoov tias tom qab lub npe kuv, cov lus qhia yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv raug (be becomes am). Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm cov lus qhia ua tau thiab pab muaj qhov sib txuas rau |
Present Tense
Raws li koj paub, muaj ntau ntau lub sijhawm hauv lus Askiv ntau dua li cov qauv lus Lavxias. Yog tias peb tsuas muaj peb zaug xwb ces cov neeg Askiv muaj 16 tus xwb. Txhob txaj muag rau daim duab no, vim tsis yog tag nrho 16 tus siv hauv lub neej, tsuas yog 12 xwb. Thiab raunkag siab txog cov lus ntawm cov neeg hais lus ib txwm muaj, nyeem ntawv Askiv thiab kev sib txuas lus yooj yim, koj yuav tsum kawm txhua daim ntawv nruj. Tsis txhob hais tias "Kuv ua tsis tau", zoo dua tso cov khoom "tsis yog" thiab tshaj tawm tias "Kuv ua tau!". Tsis txhob hais tias "Kuv ua tsis tau", cov phooj ywg!
Yog li, cia peb saib qhov kev siv be able to tam sim no (simple) tense, uas hauv lus Askiv hu ua Present Simple. Raws li koj tau pom, nws suav nrog cov lus qhia tsis raug cai be (ua). Thaum siv qhov sib npaug ntawm cov lus qhia ua tau, feem ntau cov teeb meem tshwm sim meej vim yog qhov no. Nws yog qhov yooj yim, nws "tso" nyob ntawm lub npe uas tuaj ua ntej nws. Cov kev cai los ntawm phau ntawv Askiv classic nyeem raws li hauv qab no:
- Kuv yog (tau hloov pauv rau kuv) - Kuv yog;
- koj, peb, lawv yog - koj, koj, peb, lawv;
- Nws, nws, nws yog - nws, nws, nws yog.
Siv tau, tuaj yeem thiab muaj peev xwm
Cov lus qhia modal tuaj yeem muaj ib lub ntsiab lus ntxiv. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kab lus uas ib tug neeg tso cai rau ib yam dab tsi rau ib tug neeg los yog vice versa, tsis pub nws. Piv txwv li, kuv cia kuv tus muam nqa kuv phau ntawv, kuv hais rau nws tias, "Koj tuaj yeem nqa kuv phau ntawv." Tab sis yog tias nws tsis pub nqa kuv lub hnab, Kuv tuaj yeem hais tias "Kuv tus muam tsis tuaj yeem nqa kuv lub hnab."
Tsis zoo li yuav tau, tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim dua qhov nws tsis hloov nws daim ntawv txawm tias tsis yog lub npe ua ntej nws hloov. Thiab tom qab kuv, thiab tom qabnws, peb, lawv modal verb tuaj yeem nyob hauv tib daim ntawv. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia cov piv txwv ntawm nws siv.
Past tense
Siv muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm dhau los (Past Simple) tuaj yeem sib npaug rau cov lus qhia modal. Rau kev sib piv, xav txog cov kab lus hauv qab no: "Kuv tuaj yeem tsav tsheb nag hmo." Nws tuaj yeem txhais ua ob txoj hauv kev:
- Kuv tuaj yeem tsav tsheb nag hmo (ntawm no cov lus qhia tuaj yeem dhau los dhau los thiab dhau los ua tau).
- Kuv tau tsav tsheb nag hmo (qhov no, kev tsim kho tuaj yeem hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yooj yim dhau los, yog li cov lus qhia tau txais daim ntawv thib ob thiab dhau los).
Yuav ua li cas siv lo lus no? Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, zoo li tsis muaj qhov sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv thawj qhov sib txawv nrog kev siv cov lus qhia modal, peb zoo li tsom peb tus neeg sib tham txog qhov tseeb tias peb tuaj yeem tsav tsheb vim peb muaj lub cev txawj tsav tsheb. Thiab nyob rau hauv kab lus thib ob, siv tau, peb hais tias peb muaj peev xwm tswj tau lub tshuab, i.e. Kuv muaj peev xwm tsav tau vim kuv noj qab nyob zoo, sober thiab raug tso cai.
Ntau tus neeg feem ntau tsis meej pem yav dhau los yooj yim (yav tas los) nrog Present Simple (Tam sim no zoo meej). Qhov tseeb yog tias British sivlub sij hawm, uas tsis muaj analogue nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim nws tus kheej tseem ceeb, thiab tsis yog lub sijhawm uas qhov kev txiav txim no tau ua, ces koj yuav tsum tsim cov kab lus hauv Present Perfect tense format. Piv txwv li, thaum kuv nug koj "Koj puas tau mus rau Bukhara?", Kuv xav paub cov lus teb tshwj xeeb (yog lossis tsis yog), thiab tsis yog hnub koj mus ncig (piv txwv li nws tsis muaj teeb meem rau kuv txawm tias koj. puas muaj nag hmo lossis ib xyoos dhau los, qhov kev paub nws tus kheej thiab nws qhov chaw nyob yog qhov tseem ceeb). Koj puas tau mus rau Bukhara? Koj tuaj yeem teb "Yog, Kuv muaj" lossis "Tsis yog, Kuv tsis tau nyob ntawd."
Present Perfect
Hauv lus Askiv, kev siv tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv Tam Sim No Perfect yog qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua li yav dhau los, vim tias qhov kev nruj no tsis muaj daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia ua tau. Yog tias koj xav hais tias koj paub yuav ua li cas tam sim no thiab paub yuav ua li cas rau lub sijhawm ntev, koj yuav tsum siv qhov kev tsim kho no. Piv txwv:
- Kuv tau ntaus piano zoo nkauj - tab sis kuv xaiv lwm txoj haujlwm - tab sis kuv xaiv lwm txoj haujlwm.
- Txiv neej ua noj tau kaum xyoo - Maivliag ua tau kaum xyoo, txhais tau tias Maivliag ua tau kaum xyoo.
Rau qhov kev tsis pom zoo, peb ntxiv qhov hais tsis tau tam sim tom qab cov lus qhia muaj. Piv txwv li, kuv tsis muaj peev xwm ua las voos txij thaum kuv tseem yau. Thiab yog tias "Kuv tuaj yeem seev cev txij thaum yau", peb hais tias "Kuv tau seev cev."
No yog txoj cai zoo liuas yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev siv tau (tsis tuaj yeem) nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no zoo meej: cov lus los yog cov npe + lus qhia muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv xav tau (rau nws, nws, nws peb siv tau) + tau + tau + lus qhia lus + khoom lossis xwm txheej.
Yav Tom Ntej Yooj Yim
Yav Tom Ntej Yooj Yim yog lwm qhov tense uas tsis muaj daim ntawv rau cov lus qhia modal CAN. Hauv kab lus uas peb tham txog yam peb yuav ua tau li cas yav tom ntej (txawm tag kis lossis hauv ib xyoos), peb tig rov qab mus rau kev tsim kho. Siv lub sijhawm yav tom ntej ua raws li cov qauv hauv qab no: pronoun + yuav (lossis yuav tsis, yog tias nws yog ib qho kev tsis pom zoo) + tuaj yeem + semantic verb + ntxiv. Cia peb saib cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb kom pom tseeb dua.
- Kuv yuav tau mus ua phooj ywg hnub yug tag kis.
- Maxim yuav tsis (=won't) mus kawm tag kis vim nws mob.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, peb tsis hloov pauv lub peev xwm tsim nws tus kheej hauv lub sijhawm yav tom ntej. Siv yav tom ntej Yooj Yim los nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov lus qhia ua haujlwm yuav.
Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm ba tau, vim nws yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov lus qhia "kom tau", nws muaj tag nrho nws cov khoom. Nws yog vim li no tias koj tuaj yeem siv qhov kev tsim kho no nyab xeeb thaum koj xav hais tias ib tus neeg yuavtso cai ua ib yam dab tsi rau yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li: "Maria yuav tau noj ncuav mog qab zib ib lub lis piam tom qab qhov kev phais" (uas yog, nws yuav tau noj qab zib, xwm txheej yuav tso cai).
