Cov tsiaj ntawv loj thiab ntawv me yog cov ntawv siv niaj hnub sau ntawv. Thawj yog tsab ntawv loj (loj) thiab qhov thib ob yog me (me).
keeb kwm me ntsis
Thaum pib, thaum sau ntawv, tsuas yog siv cov ntawv loj, uas cov ciam teb (sab sauv thiab qis) tau txhais kom meej. Thaum lub sij hawm, cursive tsim, cov tsiaj ntawv coj mus rau ib tug ntau sib npaug. Yog li, lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau ntawv minuscule Carolingian, uas tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Alcuin, tau sawv. Nws tau siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub ntawm Charlemagne, thiab dhau sij hawm tsab ntawv no kis thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nov yog thawj zaug uas ib tsab ntawv pib muaj cov ntawv me thiab cov ntawv loj.
ntawv loj thiab me
Kev siv cov tsiaj ntawv loj thiab cov tsiaj ntawv me yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau ntawv Lavxias niaj hnub no. Qhov kev hloov pauv tas mus li hauv qhov tseeb muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv no. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kawm tas li cov ntawv tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab phau ntawv txhais lus, uas yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev hloov tshiab no.
Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev siv cov ntawv loj thiab ntawv me. Lawv pab kom nkag siab txog kev sau ntawv loj thiab me,txawm tias muaj qee lo lus ploj lawm hauv phau ntawv txhais lus.
Siv cov ntawv loj
Capitalized:
- thawj lo lus pib ntawm kab lus thiab ntawv;
- thawj lub npe, patronymic, lub xeem, lub npe menyuam yaus thiab lub npe pseudonym (Maxim Gorky, Seraphim Sarovsky);
- tsiaj lub npe (dag Ingvar, dais cub Borka, miv Vaska);
- ib lub npe uas ua raws li kev sau ntawv (Little Red Riding Hood);
- tus kheej lub npe (Tebchaws Europe);
- feem ntau lub npe, lub npe ntawm lub npe, txoj haujlwm, lub npe uas yog ib feem ntawm lub npe ntawm thaj chaw (Pine Forest);
- lus ua haujlwm thaum pib ntawm lub npe thaj chaw (Los Angeles);
- tus kheej lub npe astronomical (Mercury, Milky Way, Southern Cross);
- tag nrho cov lus uas tsim cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv, cov tuam txhab, cov koom haum, cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws, tshwj tsis yog cov nom tswv (UN Security Council, State Council, European Parliament);
- tag nrho cov lus uas tsim cov npe ntawm lub xeev (Chechen Republic, French Republic);
- thawj lo lus ntawm cov npe ntawm cov tuam tsev kab lis kev cai thiab kev lom zem ua lag luam (Moscow Operetta Theatre);
- cov npe ntawm cov npe zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov haujlwm siab tshaj plaws, uas tau qhia hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai (Vice-President of Russia, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas);
- npe ntawm cov xwm txheej keeb kwm thiab lub sijhawm (Renaissance, Renaissance,Lub Xya Hli Commune);
- lo lus pib ntawm lub npe: Central, Xeev, Txhua-Lavxias teb sab, thoob ntiaj teb, Lavxias, Ntiaj Teb (International Monetary Bank);
- words Fatherland, Motherland, Txiv neej, Kev Cia Siab, Kev Txawj Ntse, Chaw, thiab lwm yam, uas yog siv tshwj xeeb stylistic;
- pronoun koj (koj) raws li daim ntawv qhia chaw nyob;
- npe ntawm cov phau ntawv cult, lub tsev teev ntuj hnub so (Bible, Easter, Trinity);
- abbreviations uas yog tsim los ntawm cov npe kom raug (United Nations - UN);
- muaj cov lus qhia (cov lus nug yog "leej twg?"), uas muaj cov lus kawg -in, -ov (-ev), uas yog tsim los ntawm cov npe thiab cov npe tsiaj (Fedina's phau ntawv, Raphael's Madonna, Odysseus wanderings);
- lub npe ntawm kev sau ntawv, xov xwm, xov xwm hauv nruab nrog cev, ntxiv rau, lawv yuav tsum tau hais (cov ntawv tshiab "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev rau txim");
- npe thiab cov ntawv luv ntawm cov npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam ("Volga", ZIL);
- tus kheej lub npe ntawm dav hlau, nkoj, tsheb ciav hlau (nkoj Titanic).
Siv tsab ntawv me
Ib tsab ntawv me yog sau yog tias nws yog ib feem:
- kab lus, prepositions, hais nyob rau hauv Western European lub npe thiab cov npe zoo (Ludwig van Beethoven);
- tus kheej lub npe uas xav ua kom tsis muaj zog lossis tsis zoo (paj tshiab tshiab);
- nouns tsim los ntawm lub xeem thiabtus kheej lub npe (Oblomovism);
- cov npe ntawm Turkic thiab Arabic npe uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo lossis kev sib raug zoo (al, zade, bek, yog);
- npe ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas uas tau muab los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb (amps);
- words ntiaj teb, hli, hnub, uas tsis yog astronomical npe;
- cov npe uas muaj cov lus tom qab -sk- denoting belonging, tsim los ntawm cov npe zoo (Chekhov nplooj ntawv);
- npe ntawm qeb thiab cov haujlwm (tus thawj tswj hwm, tus kav nroog);
- abbreviations tsim los ntawm ntau lub npe (University - lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab).
Kuj tsab ntawv me yog sau rau hauv lub npe:
- geological epochs thiab lub sijhawm, archaeological kab lis kev cai thiab epochs (Mesozoic era);
- txoj haujlwm thiab lub luag haujlwm, cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau cov koomhaum tshaj lij txawv tebchaws raug xaiv (Emperor of Japan, Major General, Ambassador);
- ntau cov tub ceev xwm (Ministry of Russia);
- tsiaj yug tsiaj (Keeshond aub);
- lub tsev kawm ntawv uas nws lub npe tsis raug (tsev kawm ntawv 592).
Cov ntsiab lus rau kev siv cov tsiaj ntawv me thiab cov tsiaj ntawv loj
Tom qab kawm txog cov kev cai saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub hauv paus uas siv cov tsiaj ntawv me thiab cov tsiaj ntawv loj. So:
- Highlighting ib ntu ntawm kab lus (ntawv nyeem) yog ib txoj hauv kev syntactic.
- Highlight qee cov lus hauv cov ntawv:
1) Tsab ntawv me yog saunyob rau hauv cov nouns, peev - nyob rau hauv lub npe tsim nyog - morphological txoj cai.
2) Daim ntawv loj yog sau ua cov npe uas muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb lossis cov kab mob (Txiv neej, Niam Txiv), nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm hnub so (Tshiab Xyoo Tshiab, Hnub Yeej) - lub ntsiab lus semantic.
3) Tsab ntawv loj yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv luv ua los ntawm thawj cov ntawv.
Yuav tsum sib txawv
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, tsab ntawv me yog sau rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov npe uas muaj cov lus tom qab -ck- denoting teej tug thiab tsim los ntawm cov npe tsim nyog. Yog li ntawd, "Pushkin's prose" yog sau nrog ib tsab ntawv me me. Tab sis muaj adjectives nrog lub ntsiab lus -sk-, uas muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm ib tug neeg lub cim xeeb, yog capitalized. Piv txwv li, "Lomonosov Readings".
Lo lus: tus ntawv me thiab cov ntawv loj
Vim yog kev txhim kho sai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, Microsoft Office Word program, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab kev kawm, tau txais txiaj ntsig dav. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub yuav ua li cas sau cov ntawv me los ntawm cov ntawv loj thiab rov ua dua nrog ib tus nias ntawm qee tus yuam sij.
Yog li, cia peb sau cov ntawv hauv qab no hauv cov ntawv loj:
"LUB RUAM TSEEM CEEB".
Tam sim no koj yuav tsum xaiv cov ntawv nyeem thiab nias ua haujlwm thiab F3 yuam sij tib lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd, peb tau txais:
"tus tsiaj ntawv me ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Lavxias".
Tom qab nias qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov yuam sij no dua, peb tau txais cov hauv qab no:
"Lab Tsab Ntawv ntawm Lavxias Lavxias".
Thiab kom rov qab mus rau cov ntawv qub, koj yuav tsum nias Shift + F3 dua.
