tooj liab yog cov hlau nplaum, ua haujlwm yooj yim, muaj hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom ua tau zoo, ntau yam alloying Cheebtsam tau qhia rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee, uas ua rau nws cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, nce lub zog thiab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv.
Nickel ntxiv rau tooj liab ua dab tsi?
Nickel yog nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau ua cov khoom tseem ceeb alloying. Nws ho nce hardness ntawm tooj liab. Cov hlau yog endowed nrog ib tug tsis tshua muaj feature, lawv tag nrho yaj nyob rau hauv ib leeg. Thaum fused, nyob ntawm qhov kev faib ua feem, homogeneous alloys ntawm ob hlau hloov lawv cov khoom raws li hauv qab no:
- Nyob rau hauv acids thiab alkalis.
- Txhob ua kom sov.
- Kev txhim kho corrosion yog tsim.
- Txhob elasticity thiab lub zog.
- Qhov kub coefficient ntawm kev ua haujlwm txo qis.
Kev faib tawm
Siv txhua yam, tshuaj thiab lub cev muaj zog, nrog rau cov peev txheej, tooj liab-nickel alloys conditionallytuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj:
Tus qauv - tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab siab zog. Cov no suav nrog cupronickel, muaj txog li 30% npib tsib xee thiab me me ntawm lwm cov hlau, npib tsib xee nyiaj, uas muaj lub zog zoo heev, thiab tshwj xeeb kunal alloy nrog aluminium additives, uas ua tau zoo los ntawm kev siab
Hluav taws xob - muaj hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab. Cov no suav nrog cov thermoelectrode alloy kopel, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm nickel, manganin thiab constantan. Siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob engineering rau kev them nyiaj ntawm cov xov hlau, thermocouples thiab rheostats
Alloys yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom, siv hauv cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib hloov, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev.
Melchior
Ib alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee, uas nws lub npe yog cupronickel, tuaj yeem muaj txog 22% ntawm cov ntsiab lus alloying ntawm npib tsib xee, txog 80% ntawm tooj liab thiab tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.6% ntawm impurities. Nws tau sau tseg rau nws lub zog siab, ductility, thiab corrosion kuj. Lub alloy lends nws tus kheej zoo rau machining, nws yog stamped, txiav, minted, soldered, polished, siab yog siv nyob rau hauv txhua daim ntawv (txias thiab kub). Melchior yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tapes, strips thiab kav. Cov hlau yog xim nyiaj. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov kav dej condenser, cua txias qhov chaw, thiab siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej.
Ntxiv rau, los ntawmalloys ua cov khoom kho mob, pheej yig cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, npib thiab tais diav. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov tsos ntawm cov khoom coated nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm nyiaj.
Neusilbers
Alloys ntawm npib tsib xee, tooj liab thiab zinc muaj txog li 35 feem pua nickel thiab 45 feem pua zinc, thiab tus so yog tooj liab. Neusilbers (los ntawm German li "nyiaj tshiab") muaj xim zoo nkauj nyiaj, lawv tsis oxidize nyob rau hauv huab cua, lawv tiv taus cov organic acids thiab ntsev. Vim lawv cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion siab, cov hlau tsis-ferromagnetic yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej, siv rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej kho mob, saib mechanisms.
Hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam rau kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub, deoxidizers tau ntxiv rau cov alloys, uas tuaj yeem txo cov tooj liab oxide, nce ductility thiab lub zog. Nrog kev nce hauv cov nickel alloy, nws hardness thiab lub zog nce. Nrog rau kev taw qhia ntawm aluminium, cov alloys ua dispersion-hardened, thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion kuj nce. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov hlau lead hauv cov nyiaj npib tsib xee muab cov hlau elasticity thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
High resistance alloys
Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cua sov, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thiab qhov kub thiab txias coefficient ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov khoom siv, raws li txoj cai, yog tsim los ntawm manganins - alloy ntawm tooj liab, npib tsib xee thiab manganese. Nws muaj 86% tooj liab, manganese 13% thiab nickel txog 3%. Raustabilization nyob rau hauv manganins qhia me me ntawm hlau, nyiaj thiab txhuas. Cov alloys muaj lub siab melting point, uas yog 960 degrees, qhov nruab nrab ceev yog me ntsis ntau tshaj 8 g / cm3. thiab xim txiv kab ntxwv.
Manganins yog me ntsis nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau lawv siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntsuas nrog qhov raug siab. Lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov alloys yog ib qho me me thermal EMF ua ke nrog tooj liab. Manganin yog cov hnub nyoog tsim khoom kom ruaj khov rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov hlau yog rhuab hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev mus rau 400 degrees txog li ob teev, tom qab ntawd nws tau khaws cia hauv chav tsev kub ntev ntev kom tau txais cov khoom ruaj khov. Cov hlau yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom tiv thaiv ntxiv, coils, shunts, high-precision ntsuas ntsuas.
Constantan
Cov hlau twg ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee, nrog rau manganin, yog cov hlau uas muaj hluav taws xob siab? Qhov no yog constantan, nws muaj txog li 65% tooj liab, mus txog 41% npib tsib xee thiab txog 2% manganese. Qhov no alloy muaj lub suab nyiaj nruab nrab, qhov chaw ntom nruab nrab thiab lub siab me me ntawm 1270 degrees. Kev lag luam tsim cov hlau los ntawm constantan, txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.02-5 millimeters. Qhov tseem ceeb thermo-EMF ua ke nrog tooj liab txwv tsis pub siv cov alloy hauv precision ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsuas. Tab sis nws pom daim ntawv thov hauv thermocouples rau ntsuas kub txog 300 degrees.
Constantan xaim los ntawmIb qho alloy ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee raug rau kev kho cua sov tshwj xeeb los ntawm cua sov rau 900 degrees thiab tom qab ntawd txias nws. Yog li ntawd, ib qho tsaus grey oxide zaj duab xis tsim rau ntawm nws qhov chaw, uas tsim cov txheej txheej insulating thiab tsis xav tau txheej txheej ntxiv. Lub alloy qiv nws tus kheej zoo rau machining, yog li nws muaj cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis. Nws pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas, hluav taws xob cua sov cov ntsiab lus thiab rheostats nrog kub txog 400 degrees.
Zoo kawg
tooj liab-nickel alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam. Lawv yog cov yas thiab muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion. Ntawm cov no, cov khoom yog tsim uas muaj lub luag haujlwm lub luag haujlwm, siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, cov kev cai nruj yuav tsum raug txwv rau cov alloys nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntom thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
