Nrog rau lub npe, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hais lus yog cov lus qhia, uas qhia txog txheej txheem lossis kev ua. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog faib los ntawm grammatical pawg. Cov no suav nrog kev cog lus, lub siab xav, nruj thiab tib neeg. Ua ke, lawv yog cov cim qhia ntawm hom lus twg lo lus belongs rau. Yuav kom sau cov lus "sib" lossis "caij", nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov cai yooj yim.
Spelling xaus
Lo lus twg siv hauv kev sib tham - "kev caij tsheb" lossis " caij tsheb "? Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov cai rau kev sau ntawv xaus. Tag nrho cov lus qhia tau muab faib ua ob pawg: ib qho suav nrog cov lus ntawm thawj conjugation, lwm qhov - qhov thib ob conjugation. Qhov txawv feature yog qhov kawg. Pab pawg thib ob muaj cov lus qhia uas xaus rau hauv "–nws", suav nrog cov lus tshwj xeeb "shave" thiab "nteg", thiab kaum ib lo lus nrog qhov xaus hauv "–at" thiab "-et". Verbs nrog lwm tusendings xa mus rau thawj conjugation.
Hauv Lavxias muaj cov lus uas nyob rau hauv ntau txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov sib txawv, yog li lawv hu ua heteroconjugated. Qhov no suav nrog cov lus "muab", "xav", "khiav", "noj". Yog hais tias muaj prefixes "obez-", "obes-", cov lus no yog tus thib ob conjugation. Piv txwv li, "muab", "neutralizes". Lo lus "sib" muaj qhov xaus "-ite", yog li nws belongs rau qhov thib ob conjugation.
Spelling suffixes
Ntau tus neeg tsis paub sau "tsav" lossis "tsav" kom raug. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev xaiv zoo thaum sau ntawv, koj yuav tsum siv cov qauv morphological. Verb conjugation yog ib qho yooj yim los xyuas: muab lo lus tso rau hauv daim ntawv tsis kawg thiab hais txog cov lus tom qab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog seb lo lus puas yog ib qho kev zam. Ntxiv mus, peb xaus lus tias lo lus "sib" yog sau nrog tsab ntawv "thiab".
Morphological nta ntawm qhov lus qhia
Cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no hauv qhov kev xav tau siv ntau yam. Kev sau ntawv ntawm cov lus "caij tsheb" lossis " caij tsheb" nyob ntawm tus neeg thiab tus lej lawv nyob. Xws li ib feem ntawm kev hais lus raws li cov lus qhia yog txuam nrog lub npe lossis lub npe, yog li nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau kev txheeb xyuas cov cim qhia kom raug.
Nyob hauv tus neeg zoo ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no, cov lus ntawm daim ntawv yog siv:
- Kuv tsav.
- koj tsav.
- Nws tsav.
Nyob hauv ntau qhov ntau nws yuav tsum sau: "Peb tsav, koj tsav, lawv tsav." Qhov no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov piv txwv ntawm kab lus: Peb mus ua haujlwm txhua hnub.
Nyob rau yav tom ntej nws suab zoo li no:
- Kuv yuav caij.
- Koj yuav tsav.
- Nws yuav caij.
- Nws yuav caij.
- Nws yuav tsav.
Plural:
- Peb yuav caij.
- Koj yuav caij.
- Lawv yuav caij.
Past tense:
- Kuv mus yuav khoom.
- Koj puas tau mus rau hiav txwv xyoo tas los?
- Lub caij ntuj sov no nws mus so hauv Crimea.
Vim lus siab
Xaiv yuav ua li cas sau kom raug, "caij" lossis "caij", koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qee qhov subtleties. Mood yog grammatical feature ntawm conjugated verb. Cov kev cai ntawm cov lus Lavxias qhia peb hom sib txawv ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus:
- Qhov taw qhia lossis lub siab ncaj yog siv rau yav dhau los, tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej tenses. Nrog nws cov kev pab, qhov kev txiav txim yog qhia nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag: nag hmo peb mus saib ib tug tshiab xinesmas. Tag kis kuv yuav ua kuv cov ntawv ua lej.
- Qhov tseem ceeb lossis kev xav tsis ncaj qhia qhov kev ua uas yuav tsis sib haum nrog qhov tseeb. Nws tuaj yeem yog daim ntawv xaj lossis thov: "Nws yog lub sijhawm mus!" Kev siv cov lus: "Koj mus." "Koj tsav tsheb." Thaum hais rau ib tug neeg, lawv hais tias: "Mus!"
- Subjunctive mood. Qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim uas tus neeg xav txog, tab sis nws nyob ntawm ntau yam. "Kuv yuav nrog koj mus, tab sis kuv muaj ntau txoj haujlwm ua." Cov lussiv li no:
- Kuv yuav mus.
- Nws yuav mus.
- Nws yuav tsav.
- Koj yuav mus.
Ntxiv rau cov ntawv no, muaj cov neeg koom tes thiab cov neeg koom nrog: hauv daim ntawv tam sim no "kev caij", yav dhau los lawv hais tias "kev caij, tsav tsheb, tsav tsheb". Piv txwv li: "Nws taug kev ncig lub zos thiab khaws cov khoom qub."
Siv verbs
Zoo li lwm qhov ntawm kev hais lus, cov lus qhia tuaj yeem ua qhov lus lossis ntau ntau. Cov kev cai yuav pab koj paub seb koj puas yuav tsum sau "kev caij tsheb" lossis "kev caij tsheb." Thawj lo lus yog siv nrog rau feem ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv peb tus neeg singular. Qhov thib ob yog plural. Qhov loj tshaj plaws - koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsis muaj verb daim ntawv "caij". Piv txwv li: "Dad caij tsheb kauj vab" yog ib tug misnomer.
Tus thib peb tus kheej cov lus qhia "sib" hauv cov lus sib dhos yog qhov thib ob conjugation. Txhawm rau kom paub qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov lus qhia nrog qhov tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, koj yuav tsum muab cov lus qhia rau hauv qhov infinitive. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias yuav tsum tau muab dab tsi - "caij" lossis "caij". Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yuav yog. Nws yog qhov kawg "–nws" uas qhia txog qhov thib ob conjugation.
Piv txwv los ntawm cov lus hais thiab sau ntawv
Thaum xaiv ntawm kev sau cov lus "mus" lossis "ezdela", koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yav dhau los cov lus ntuas ua ntej "-l-" muaj xws li cov lus uas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tsis muaj hnub kawg. Lo lus nug yog: yuav ua li cas? Lawv teb nrog lo lus "caij tsheb" - qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv kom raug, thaum lub sijhawm dhau los lawv siv cov lus"mus" thiab "mus":
- Tsis txhob tsav tsheb nrawm dhau ntawm txoj kev.
- Kuv tus tij laug nyiam caij tsheb kauj vab.
- Yuav kom kawm tsav tsheb, koj xav tau lub siab.
- Koj caij nees?
- Kuv txiav txim siab tias tom qab ua haujlwm kuv yuav mus rau hauv pas dej.
Hauv Lavxias niaj hnub no, koj yuav tsum tsim cov kab lus kom raug ob qho tib si hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv. Kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev sau ntawv qhia txog kev nyeem ntawv ntawm ib tus neeg uas siv cov lus qhia hauv cov sijhawm sib txawv thiab kev xav. Nyob rau hauv ib qho teeb meem nyuaj, lawv tig mus rau phau ntawv txhais lus lossis phau ntawv siv los pab, uas muaj cov lus sau cov kab lus uas ua raws li cov cai ntawm Lavxias. Tsis txhob xav tias nrhiav tsis pom hauv phau ntawv txhais lus txaj muag - qhov no tsuas yog nce kev nyeem ntawv xwb.
