Homeostasis yog lub peev xwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev kom hloov mus rau kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov txheej txheem homeostasis lav ib tus neeg lub xeev xis nyob ntawm kev noj qab haus huv nyob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej, tswj xyuas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev.
Homeostasis los ntawm kev lom zem thiab kev xav ntawm kev pom
Nyob rau hauv biology, lub tswv yim ntawm homeostasis yog siv rau txhua yam kab mob ntau yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ecologists feem ntau them nyiaj rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw sab nraud. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov no yog qhov homeostasis ntawm lub ecosystem, uas kuj tau hloov pauv thiab rov tsim kho tas li kom muaj sia nyob ntxiv.
Yog tias qhov nyiaj tshuav hauv ib lub cev puas lawm thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem rov qab tau, ces qhov no ua rau kev ua tiav tiav.
Txiv neej yog tsis muaj kev zam, homeostatic mechanisms ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub neej txhua hnub, thiab qhov kev tso cai ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog qhov tsawg heev. Nrog kev hloov pauv txawv txawv hauv ib puag ncig sab nraud lossis sab hauv, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv homeostasis tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Vim li cas peb thiaj xav tau homeostasis thiabnws hom
Txhua hnub ib tus neeg raug cuam tshuam rau ntau yam ib puag ncig, tab sis txhawm rau kom cov txheej txheem lom neeg hauv lub cev txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm ruaj khov, lawv cov xwm txheej yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov pauv. Nws yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm qhov kev ruaj ntseg uas lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm homeostasis dag.
Nws yog kev cai kom paub qhov txawv peb hom:
- Genetic.
- Physiological.
- Structural (regeneration lossis cellular).
Rau qhov muaj nyob puv ntoob, tus neeg xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntawm peb hom homeostasis hauv ib qho nyuaj, yog tias ib qho tsis ua tiav, qhov no ua rau tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Kev sib koom ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav tso cai rau koj tsis quav ntsej lossis zam qhov kev hloov pauv uas feem ntau nrog kev tsis yooj yim thiab xav tias muaj kev ntseeg siab.
Genetic homeostasis
Hom homeostasis no yog qhov muaj peev xwm tswj tau ib qho genotype hauv ib tus neeg. Nyob rau theem molecular-cellular, ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic system yog khaws cia, uas nqa ib co ntaub ntawv keeb kwm.
Lub tshuab tso cai rau cov tib neeg sib koom ua ke, thaum tswj hwm qhov sib npaug thiab sib npaug ntawm pawg neeg raug kaw (cov pej xeem).
Physiological homeostasis
Hom homeostasis no yog lub luag haujlwm los tswj cov cim tseem ceeb hauv lub xeev zoo:
- Lub cev kub.
- ntshav siab.
- Zig digestive stability.
Rau nws qhov tseeblub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, endocrine thiab paj hlwb teb. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib qho kev npaj txhij txog tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov kab ke, qhov no tam sim ntawd cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob, ua rau ib tug tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv functions thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob.
Cellular homeostasis (structural)
hom kab no tseem hu ua "kev tsim dua tshiab", uas tej zaum piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
Lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov homeostasis yog txhawm rau kho thiab kho cov hlwb puas ntawm cov kabmob sab hauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Nws yog cov txheej txheem no uas, thaum ua haujlwm zoo, cia lub cev rov zoo los ntawm kev mob lossis raug mob.
Lub ntsiab mechanisms ntawm homeostasis tsim thiab evolve ua ke nrog ib tug neeg, zoo adapting rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub sab nraud ib puag ncig.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm homeostasis
Yuav kom nkag siab zoo txog lub luag haujlwm thiab cov khoom ntawm homeostasis, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los txiav txim siab nws qhov kev ua ntawm cov piv txwv tshwj xeeb.
Piv txwv li, thaum ua si kis las, tib neeg ua pa thiab mem tes nrawm, uas qhia tias lub cev xav tau kom muaj kev sib npaug sab hauv raws li kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig.
Thaum tsiv mus rau ib lub tebchaws uas muaj huab cua txawv txawv ntawm qhov ib txwm muaj, qee zaum koj yuav hnov mob tsis zoo. Raws li kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ib tug neeg, cov txheej txheem ntawm homeostasis tso cai rau koj hloov mus rau cov kev nyob tshiab. Rau qee qhov, acclimatization tsis hnov tsw thiab qhov sib npaug sab hauv kho sai sai, ib tus neeg yuav tsum tau tos me ntsis ua ntejYuav ua li cas lub cev yuav kho nws qhov kev ua tau zoo.
Nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, ib tug neeg yuav kub thiab tawm hws pib. Xws li qhov tshwm sim yog suav tias yog pov thawj ncaj qha ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm tus kheej.
Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm hauv homeostatic yog nyob ntawm caj ces, cov khoom siv caj ces dhau los ntawm cov neeg laus ntawm tsev neeg.
Raws li cov piv txwv tau muab, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tuaj yeem taug qab kom meej:
- Zoo.
- Txhob Cia Siab.
- Nyob zoo.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus, nrog rau cov me nyuam mos, kev ruaj ntseg ua haujlwm ntawm homeostasis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, vim qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv lub sijhawm no. lub neej qeeb.
Y
Properties of homeostasis
Paub txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm tus kheej, nws kuj tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias nws muaj dab tsi. Homeostasis yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntawm cov khoom ntawm homeostasis yog:
- Instability.
- Striving to balance.
- Kev tsis lees paub.
Mechanisms nyob rau hauv qhov kev hloov pauv tas mus li, sim cov xwm txheej los xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws los hloov kho rau lawv. Qhov no manifests cov cuab yeej ntawm instability.
Txoj kev sib npaug yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab cov cuab yeej ntawm txhua yam kabmob, nws niaj hnub siv zog rau nws, ob qho tib si tsim thiab ua haujlwm.
Qee zaum, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev hloov mus rau sab nraud lossisqhov chaw sab hauv tuaj yeem ua rau tsis xav txog, ua rau rov tsim kho cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Lub unpredictability ntawm homeostasis tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov tsis xis nyob, uas tsis qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv rau lub xeev ntawm lub cev.
Yuav ua li cas txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntawm homeostatic system
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov tshuaj, txhua yam kab mob yog pov thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv homeostasis. Kev hem sab nraud thiab sab hauv tsis tu ncua cuam tshuam rau lub cev, thiab tsuas yog kev sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab tseem ceeb yuav pab tiv nrog lawv.
Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog tsis tshwm sim tsis muaj laj thawj. Cov tshuaj niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam cuab yeej uas tuaj yeem pab tib neeg tswj hwm lawv txoj kev noj qab haus huv, txawm tias ua li cas los xij.
Hloov huab cua, xwm txheej ntxhov siab, raug mob - tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob sib txawv.
Yuav kom cov haujlwm ntawm homeostasis ua haujlwm kom raug thiab sai li sai tau, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem sab laj tus kws kho mob rau kev kuaj xyuas los txiav txim siab koj qhov tsis zoo thiab xaiv cov txheej txheem kho kom tshem tawm lawv. Kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua yuav pab tswj cov txheej txheem hauv lub neej zoo dua.
Tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm koj tus kheej:
- Zam cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab los tiv thaiv lub paj hlwb los ntawm kev tawm dag zog tas li.
- Ua raws li koj txoj kev noj haus, tsis txhob noj ntau dhau ntawm koj tus kheej nrog cov zaub mov hnyav, tsis txhob tso caimindless yoo mov, uas yuav cia lub digestive system ua nws txoj hauj lwm yooj yim dua.
- Xaiv cov vitamin complexes kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua hloov raws caij nyoog.
Kev ceev faj txog tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv yuav pab cov txheej txheem homeostatic teb rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv raws sijhawm thiab raug.
