Renaissance architecture thawj zaug tshwm sim hauv Florence hauv xyoo pua 15th thiab yog qhov kev txhawb siab ntawm classical styles. Cov qauv tsim vaj tsev nyob hauv Florence tsis yog qhov hloov pauv qeeb los ntawm cov qauv yav dhau los, tab sis zoo li kev txhim kho teeb tsa los ntawm architects nrhiav kom rov ua kom lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm cov qub qub.
Tus qauv no tau tshem tawm cov txheej txheem sib luag thiab tsis sib xws ntawm cov qauv Gothic thiab hais txog kev sib luag, kev faib ua feem, geometry thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm kev nthuav dav.
yam ntxwv
Lub architecture ntawm 15th caug xyoo Florence yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev siv cov khoom qub xws li kev teeb tsa ntawm txhua kab, pilasters, lintels, semicircular arches thiab hemispherical domes. Filippo Brunelleschi yog thawj zaug los tsim kho qhov tseeb Renaissance architecture.
Thaum lub tsev cib loj loj uas npog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Florence Cathedral siv Gothic thev naus laus zis, nws yog thawj lub dome tsim txij li thaumClassical Rome, thiab tau los ua ib qho chaw nyob thoob plaws hauv lub tsev teev ntuj Renaissance.
Quattrocento
lo lus no hais txog 1400s, uas tuaj yeem hu ua Italian Renaissance lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th.
Nws tau cim los ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm Florentine Renaissance style ntawm architecture, uas yog kev txhawb siab thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ancient Greek thiab Roman architectural ntsiab. Cov kev cai ntawm Renaissance architecture yog thawj tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev xyaum nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th Florence, thiab cov tsev tom qab ntawd tau tshoov siab architects thoob plaws hauv Ltalis thiab Western Europe.
Ntse
Lub Renaissance architecture ntawm Florence yog lub zeem muag ntawm Philippe Brunelleschi, uas nws muaj peev xwm tsim thiab txhais cov tswv yim ntawm Renaissance hauv architecture ua rau nws ua tus kws tsim vaj tsev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov haujlwm Renaissance thaum ntxov (txog 1446, lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj kev tuag) thiab thiaj li tso lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho vaj tse nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab dhau mus. Nws txoj haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog lub dome ntawm Santa Maria del Fiore.
Ib lub hom phiaj ntawm Renaissance Florence architecture yog los rov xav txog qhov kev txawj ntse ntawm Greek thiab Roman kos duab qee 1500 xyoo dhau los. Brunelleschi tau mus rau Rome thaum ntxov thiab kawm Roman architecture feem ntau. Nws cov qauv tsim tau tawg tawm ntawm kev lig kev cai medieval ntawm taw tes arches, siv kub thiab mosaics. Hloov chaw, nws siv cov qauv yooj yim classical raws li cov duab geometric yooj yim. Nws txoj hauj lwm thiab lub hwj chim tuaj yeem pom thoob plawsFlorence, tab sis Pazzi Chapel thiab Santo Spirito yog ob qho ntawm nws qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Cov kws tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub sijhawm no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj txiag, suav nrog tsev neeg muaj zog Medici thiab Silk Guild. Lawv tau mus txog lawv cov khoom siv tes ua los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev tshawb fawb pom, uas ua ke nrog kev txhawb siab dav dav ntawm kev kawm classical. Lub Renaissance style consciously zam lub complex proportional systems thiab irregular profiles ntawm Gothic lug. Xwb, Renaissance architects hais txog symmetry, kev faib ua feem, geometry, thiab tsis tu ncua ntawm nthuav dav, raws li pom nyob rau hauv classical Roman architecture. Lawv kuj tau siv dav siv cov khoom qub qub.
Florence Cathedral
Lub dome ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no yog tsim los ntawm Filippo Brunelleschi (1377–1446), uas feem ntau tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov qauv ntawm Renaissance architecture. Lub npe hu ua Duomo, nws tau tsim los npog lub plhaub ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj uas twb muaj lawm. Lub dome khaws cov gothic taw qhia koov thiab gothic tav nyob rau hauv nws tsim.
Nws tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws ntawm Ancient Rome xws li Pantheon thiab feem ntau hu ua thawj lub tsev Renaissance. Lub dome yog ua los ntawm liab cib thiab yog ingeniously ua tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa, siv kev nkag siab tob txog cov cai ntawm physics thiab lej. Nws tseem yog lub pob zeb loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Leon Battista Alberti (1402–1472)
Tus kws kes duab vajtse txawvib tug tseem ceeb daim duab nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Renaissance architecture nyob rau hauv Florence. Nws yog ib tug humanist theorist thiab designer uas nws phau ntawv ntawm architecture, De reedicatoria, yog thawj architectural treatise ntawm lub Renaissance. Alberti tsim ob ntawm Florence lub npe nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau xyoo pua 15th: Palazzo Ruclai thiab lub façade ntawm Santa Maria Novella.
Palazzo Rucellai, lub tsev zoo nkauj tsim los ntawm 1446-1451, embodied cov yam ntxwv tshiab ntawm Renaissance architecture, suav nrog kev txiav txim siab classical ntawm peb theem thiab kev siv pilasters thiab entablaturas hauv kev faib ua feem rau ib leeg.
Lub façade ntawm Santa Maria Novella (1456–1470) kuj tau pom zoo li Renaissance kev tsim kho tshiab raws li classical Roman architecture. Alberti sim coj lub hom phiaj ntawm humanistic architecture thiab kev faib ua feem rau cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm, tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb nrog cov façade medieval uas twb muaj lawm.
Nws txoj kev koom tes suav nrog cov frieze classical adorned nrog squares, plaub ntsuab thiab dawb pilasters thiab lub qhov rais puag ncig topped los ntawm pediment bearing Dominican hnub ci cim thiab flanked ntawm ob sab los ntawm S-scrolls.
Thaum lub pediment thiab frieze tau tshwm sim los ntawm classical architecture, cov scrolls yog tshiab thiab tsis muaj ua ntej nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws thiaj li los ua ib tug nrov architectural feature nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thoob plaws hauv Ltalis.
Feem ntau, lub tsev tsim qauv ntawm Renaissance Florence tau qhia txog kev nkag siab tshiab ntawm lub teeb, pom tseeb thiab qhov chaw, uas qhia txog kev nkag siab thiab kev pom tseeb ntawm lub siab,renowned rau lub philosophy ntawm humanism.
