Tej zaum lub dav hlau dav hlau yog lub tis. Nws yog lub tis uas tsim cov nqa uas ua rau lub dav hlau ntau-tuj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob poob. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas cov neeg tsim qauv muaj kev qhia tias tus tswv ntawm lub tis kuj tswj lub dav hlau. Kev nrhiav kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv aerodynamic ntawm aircraft yuam cov neeg tsim khoom los txhim kho lub tis, ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov duab, qhov hnyav thiab qhov profile.
Wing in profile
Aircraft tis profile yog ib ntu geometric ntawm tis khiav mus rau tib lub dav hlau axis. Los yog ntau yooj yim - ib sab saib ntawm lub tis. Tau ntau xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam dav hlau, ntau lub chaw soj nstuam thiab lub koom haum tau tsim thiab sim cov tis ntawm ntau yam kev teeb tsa. Kev nrawm zuj zus tuaj, huab cua huab cua loj, cov haujlwm hloov pauv - thiab tag nrho qhov no yuav tsum muaj cov tis tshiab tshiab.
YProfiletypes
Hnub no, muaj ntau yam tis profiles,txawv ntawm lub hom phiaj. Tib hom tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab siv rau ntawm cov dav hlau sib txawv. Tab sis feem ntau, hom tseem ceeb uas twb muaj lawm ntawm profiles tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov duab hauv qab no.
- Symmetrical.
- Asymmetrical.
- Plano-convex.
- Binconvex.
- S-shaped.
- Laminated.
- Lenticular.
- pob zeb diamond zoo li tus.
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Ntawm qee lub dav hlau, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov profile yog siv raws li qhov ntev ntawm tis, tab sis feem ntau nws cov duab tsis hloov pauv.
geometry
Sab nraud, qhov profile ntawm tis zoo li tus cab los yog tej yam zoo li ntawd. Ua ib daim duab geometric complex, nws muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv.
Daim duab qhia txog lub ntsiab geometric yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau tis profile. Qhov kev ncua deb (b) hu ua tis chord thiab yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ntsiab lus huab nyob rau pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab. Tus txheeb ze thickness yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov piv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws profile thickness (Cmax) rau nws chord thiab qhia raws li ib feem. Qhov siab tshaj plaws thickness coordinate yog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov kev ncua deb ntawm tus ntiv taw mus rau qhov chaw siab tshaj plaws thickness (Xc) mus rau chord (b) thiab kuj qhia raws li feem pua. Cov kab hauv nruab nrab yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm sab sauv thiab sab tis panels, thiab lub deflection xub (fmax) yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub chord ntawm kab nruab nrab. Lwm qhov taw qhia - txheeb ze curvature - yog xam los ntawm kev faib (fmax) los ntawm chord (b). Kev lig kev cai, tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig no tau nthuav tawm raws li feem pua. Ntxiv nrog rau cov uas twb tau hais lawm, muaj lub vojvoog ntawm lub qhov ntswg profile, qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws concavity, thiab ntau lwm tus. Txhua qhov profile muaj nws tus lej code thiab, raws li txoj cai, cov yam ntxwv geometric tseem ceeb muaj nyob hauv cov cai no.
Piv txwv li, profile B6358 muaj qhov profile tuab ntawm 6%, qhov pom qhov pom ntawm 35%, thiab tus txheeb ze curvature ntawm 8%. Cov ntawv sau cia, hmoov tsis, tsis sib koom ua ke, thiab cov neeg tsim khoom sib txawv siv cov ntawv ciphers rau lawv tus kheej.
Aerodynamics
Fancy, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, kos duab ntawm tis ntu tsis yog los ntawm kev hlub rau kev kos duab siab, tab sis tsuas yog rau lub hom phiaj pragmatic - kom ntseeg tau tias cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov tis tis. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws no suav nrog kev nqa coefficient Su thiab rub coefficient Cx rau txhua qhov tshwj xeeb airfoil. Cov coefficients lawv tus kheej tsis muaj tus nqi tas li thiab nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev tawm tsam, ceev thiab qee yam ntawm lwm yam. Tom qab kev sim nyob rau hauv lub qhov cua, ib tug thiaj li hu ua polar yuav kos rau txhua profile ntawm ib tug dav hlau tis. Nws qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Cx thiab Su ntawm ib lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev tawm tsam. Cov phau ntawv tshwj xeeb tau tsim muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog txhua qhov aerodynamic profile ntawm lub tis thiab kos duab nrog cov duab tsim nyog thiab cov duab kos. Cov npe no muaj pub dawb.
xaiv qhov profile
Ntau yam ntawm cov dav hlau, hom ntawm lawv cov propulsionkev teeb tsa thiab lawv lub hom phiaj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo mus kom ze rau kev xaiv ntawm lub dav hlau tis profile. Thaum tsim lub dav hlau tshiab, ntau txoj kev xaiv feem ntau yog txiav txim siab. Qhov ntau dua qhov txheeb ze thickness ntawm lub tis, qhov ntau dua tus cab. Tab sis nrog cov tis nyias ntawm qhov ntev, nws yog qhov nyuaj los muab cov qauv tsim kom muaj zog.
Muaj ib lo lus nug cais txog cov tshuab supersonic uas xav tau txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas qhov profile ntawm lub tis ntawm lub dav hlau An-2 (" pob kws") yuav txawv ntawm qhov profile ntawm ib tug fighter thiab cov neeg caij tsheb liner. Symmetrical thiab S-shaped tis profiles tsim tsawg nqa tab sis ruaj khov dua, lub tis nyias nrog lub camber me me yog tsim rau cov tsheb sib tw ceev thiab cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua, thiab lub tis tuab nrog lub camber loj, siv hauv cov neeg caij dav hlau loj, tuaj yeem hu ua tis nrog lub siab tshaj nqa. Lub dav hlau supersonic tau nruab nrog tis uas muaj lub ntsej muag lenticular, thaum lub pob zeb diamond-puab thiab cov npoo-zoo li tus profiles yog siv rau lub dav hlau hypersonic. Nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias los ntawm kev tsim qhov zoo tshaj plaws profile, koj muaj peev xwm poob tag nrho nws cov zoo tsuas yog vim tsis zoo nto kho ntawm tis panels los yog tsis zoo aircraft tsim.
yam ntxwv txoj kev suav
Tsis ntev los no, kev suav ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tis ntawm ib qho profile yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov khoos phis tawj uas muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm tis hauv ntau yam xwm txheej. Tab sis txoj kev txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws yog kev ntsuam xyuas ntuj ua tiavtshwj xeeb sawv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm "qub tsev kawm ntawv" tus kheej tuaj yeem ua qhov no txuas ntxiv mus. Cov txheej txheem suab yooj yim menacing: "kev suav tag nrho ntawm lub tis siv cov kev sib npaug sib txawv nrog rau qhov tsis paub txog kev ncig." Lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev yog los sawv cev rau kev ncig ntawm cov huab cua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm trigonometric series thiab nrhiav cov coefficients ntawm cov series uas txaus siab rau ciam teb tej yam kev mob. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog kev ua haujlwm hnyav heev thiab tseem muab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau tis profile xwb.
Aircraft tis structure
Ib daim duab zoo nkauj thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws suav yuav tsum ua kom muaj tseeb. Lub tis, ntxiv rau kev ua nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - tsim nqa, yuav tsum ua ntau txoj haujlwm ntsig txog kev tso cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam, ntau yam txheej txheem, cov kav dej, cov hlua hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ntau ntxiv, uas ua rau nws yog ib qho cuab yeej siv cuab yeej cuab tam. Tab sis hais lus yooj yim heev, tis ntawm ib lub dav hlau muaj ib txheej ntawm tav uas muab kev tsim ntawm qhov xav tau tis profile, nyob thoob plaws lub tis, thiab spars, nyob nrog. Los ntawm saum toj thiab hauv qab no qauv yog kaw nrog ib tug sheathing ntawm aluminium panels nrog ib tug stringer teeb. Cov tav nyob rau sab nrauv contours tag nrho sib haum mus rau qhov profile ntawm lub dav hlau tis. Kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim cov tis nce mus txog 40% ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim tag nrho cov dav hlau.
