Tus qauv ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab hnub no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog.
Kev xav tau ntawm cov kws kho mob nce zuj zus txhua hnub. Tib lub sijhawm, nrog rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom, cov kev xav tau rau lawv cov kev tshaj lij thiab qib kev txawj ntse tau nce ntxiv.
Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm xiav-dab tshos ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau cov kws tshaj lij ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab. Cov haujlwm uas yav tas los suav tias tsis muaj koob npe yog tam sim no nce hauv kev thov hauv kev ua lag luam. Qhov teeb meem ntawm kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov cheeb tsam no tau dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam. Hauv qhov no, cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb uas cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm nruab nrab (cov tsev kawm qib siab) tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj zog hauv Lavxias txoj kev kawm.
Lub xeev cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab kev kawm ua haujlwm tam sim no muab kev cob qhia hauv 280 qhov tshwj xeeb sib txawv. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thiab kev hloov kho ntawm ntau lawm, daim ntawv teev npe no tseem niaj hnub loj hlob thiab ntxiv.
Nyob ntawm kev cog lus
Kev kawm qib siab ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm ob theem. Paub qhov txawv ntawm thawj thiab qib siabqib.
Hnub no, muaj ob hom kev kawm hauv Lavxias Federation uas cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev kawm ua haujlwm qib ob:
- tsev kawm txuj ci - hom tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv uas cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj cib fim kom tau txais kev kawm theem nrab kev ua haujlwm theem pib;
- college - ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, qhov kev qhia yog ua nyob rau hauv cov kev qhia tob (nws tuaj yeem yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab lossis lub koom haum, lossis cov qauv ywj pheej).
Kev kawm ua haujlwm theem pib, dhau los, tuaj yeem tau txais hauv lyceums thiab tsev kawm ua haujlwm (cov tsev kawm haujlwm ua haujlwm). Cov tsev kawm ntawv no muaj keeb kwm kev kawm sib txawv.
Professional lyceum txawv ntawm tsev kawm qib siab hauv qib siab ntawm kev npaj cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog kev qhia tob, cov kawm tiav tau txais txiaj ntsig "tus kws tshaj lij", cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lyceums thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv - "tus kws tshaj lij nkag qib".
Nkag mus kawm theem nrab kev kawm ua haujlwm
Cov tsev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab hauv kev cob qhia thawj zaug suav nrog cov lyceums tshwj xeeb thiab tsev kawm.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv peb lub tebchaws muaj txog 4 txhiab niaj hnub no. Lawv muaj ntau dua 1.5 lab cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj koom.
Cov pej xeem uas tau txais kev kawm ua haujlwm thawj zaug muaj cai mus txuas ntxiv lawv txoj haujlwm kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab qib siab hauv cov kev kawm txo qis.
Yog xav taucov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm theem nrab. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum xeem dhau lub xeev qhov kev xeem, raws li cov ntaub ntawv sib raug tau muab.
Cov kawm tiav uas tau txais kev nkag mus kawm theem nrab kev ua haujlwm muaj cai mus txuas ntxiv lawv txoj haujlwm kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm txuj ci, tsev kawm qib siab, thiab hauv tsev kawm qib siab.
Advanced vocational education
Cov uas xav tau kev kawm qib siab qib siab yuav tsum xaiv tsis yog lyceum, tsis yog tsev kawm haujlwm, tab sis yog tsev kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm txuj ci rau kev nkag.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, muaj ntau dua 2.5 txhiab lub tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab nrog kev kawm tob, uas tau koom nrog kwv yees li 2.3 lab tus menyuam kawm ntawv.
Cov tsev kawm ntawv tshwj xeeb theem nrab tau txais qib nce ntxiv vim muaj kev qhia ntxiv rau hauv cov qauv kev kawm:
- kev xyaum ua haujlwm;
- kev kawm tob ntawm tus kheej cov kev kawm thiab kev qhuab qhia;
- tau txais ib qho tshwj xeeb ntxiv nyob rau hauv parallel nrog lub ntsiab.
Kev kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab yog ze li sai tau rau kev kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv no muaj cov sij hawm kawm ntau dua li hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, xeem thiab xeem, sau cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv no.
Piv txwv li, cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau xaiv lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tsim kho, nrog rau cov kawm tiav ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tib yam, yuav tsum xa thiab tiv thaiv cov kev kawm tiav uas tsim nyog txog cov ncauj lus tshwj xeeb. Qhov txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv underestimatedcov kev cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv qib siab. Yog li ntawd, cov tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab ntawm qib siab tuaj yeem suav tias yog qib qis tshaj ntawm kev kawm qib siab.
Feem ntau, cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no. Cov tub ntxhais kawm npaj mus kawm ntxiv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tshaj lij yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb no. Muaj daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab zoo li no, cov neeg kawm tiav muaj txoj cai tau txais kev kawm tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kawm qib siab raws li kev txo qis. Qhov no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, vim nws ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab, nrog rau kev sib koom ua haujlwm thiab kawm.
Nkag mus kawm
Nyob hauv tsev kawm qib siab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov neeg uas tau txais kev kawm theem pib lossis theem nrab. Cov khoom no yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xav tau.
Cov neeg thov ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab ua haujlwm tau raug zam los ntawm kev xeem nkag yuav tsum tau xeem. Rau kev tso npe, koj yuav tsum xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- daim ntawv keeb kwm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm (qib 9 lossis 11);
- 4 duab (3 x 4);
- daim ntawv pov thawj kho mob;
- daim ntawv hla tebchaws thiab daim ntawv pov thawj hnub yug;
- daim ntawv thov rau tus thawj xibfwb rau kev nkag.
Qee zaum, thaum nkag mus rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab, yog tias tsim nyog, kev xam phaj nrog tus neeg sib tw yog ua raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tus neeg thov tuaj yeem raug nug kom sau ua tiavkev xeem rau kev tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm thiab rau qib kev paub hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov kev kawm. Cov kev cai zoo sib xws kuj tseem yuav raug txiav txim yog tias tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg xav kawm hauv qhov tshwj xeeb no tshaj li cov chaw uas tau txais los ntawm lub xeev. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev sib tw yog nyob ntawm qhov qhab nia nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem dhau.
Nkag mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab kev kawm qib siab ntawm qib siab tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib tw los ntawm kev xeem nkag.
Ib qho ntawm cov tseev kom muaj rau cov tsev kawm qib siab yog daim ntawv tso cai. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau tsoom fwv thiab ib lub tsev lag luam, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog nrog rau lub sij hawm siv tau tam sim no.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm uas xav tau tsev nyob rau lub sijhawm kawm tau muab nrog lub tsev so.
Tawm ntawm kev sib tw, pawg neeg hauv qab no tau cuv npe hauv tsev kawm qib siab:
- - ephanel hab cov miv nyuas tawm tsw muaj kev saib xyuas niam txiv;
- menyuam yaus tsis taus;
- tus neeg ntawm lwm pawg uas nws qhov kev nyiam nkag yog muab los ntawm lub xeev.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tau raug hloov kho thiab yooj yim. Ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv nquag siv Internet technologies kom tau txais cov ntawv thov. Cov ntawv thov raug muab tso rau ntawm lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Txoj kev no yooj yim rau ob tus neeg thov thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg xaiv. Txhawm rau ua ntawv thov, koj yuav tsum sau ib daim ntawv ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Kev txiav txim siab koom nrognyob rau hauv kev sib tw yog txais nyob deb. Tus neeg thov yuav xa cov ntaub ntawv qub tom qab tau txais kev txiav txim siab zoo. Txog thaum ntawd, nws tus kheej tuaj yeem xaiv tau.
Daim ntawv thiab sijhawm ntawm kev cob qhia
Kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab tuaj yeem tau txais hauv cov qauv kev kawm hauv qab no:
- full-time;
- part-time (kub);
- ntawv xov xwm.
Lub sijhawm kawm txuj ci tseem ceeb yog ob mus rau peb xyoos raws li qib cuaj thiab ib mus rau ob xyoos tom qab qib kaum ib. Cov ntsiab lus ncaj qha nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb.
Lub sijhawm tau txais kev kawm qib siab qib siab ua haujlwm tseem raug txiav txim siab los ntawm qib kev cob qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm. Rau cov neeg uas nkag mus tom qab qib cuaj, nws nyob ntawm peb mus rau plaub xyoos. Raws li kaum ib chav kawm - los ntawm ob mus rau peb xyoos.
Hnub kawg rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv
Cov tsev kawm ntawv muaj txoj cai los teev lawv lub sijhawm kawg rau kev pib txais cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau, cov thawj coj pib ua haujlwm rau lub Rau Hli, tom qab qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev xeem kawg (tab sis tsis pub dhau 20th), thiab lees txais cov ntawv thov kom txog rau thaum lub Yim Hli kawg (tab sis tsis pub dhau 26th).
Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias lub sijhawm kawg rau kev thov rau puv sijhawm thiab ib nrab sijhawm, peev nyiaj thiab daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev kawm yuav txawv.
Kev Kawm Txuj Ci
Raws li txoj cai, cov qauv ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab muaj ob ntu. Thawj qhov yog tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm pom zoo los ntawm Ministry of Education. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem hloov kho txhua xyoo. Cov qauv dav dav thiab cov kev cai uas tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab yuav tsum ua raws li txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab kev kawm ua haujlwm.
Qhov thib ob yog ib qho kev pom zoo hauv cheeb tsam. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg kawm nyob rau hauv tib lub tsev kawm ntawv tej zaum yuav kawm txawv kev kawm thiab muaj ib tug sib txawv ntawm cov chav kawm teev.
Cov kev kawm ntawm kev kawm qib siab qib siab ua haujlwm pub rau kev nrhiav tau cov kev tshwj xeeb ntxiv ntawm kev siv nyiaj txiag lossis them nyiaj.
Tom qab kawm tiav, cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum xeem dhau lub xeev daim ntawv pov thawj. Tom qab ua tiav tiav, cov neeg kawm tiav tau txais ib qho kev tsim nyog. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, tus menyuam kawm ntawv tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm tiav hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv no, qhia lub sijhawm thiab cov sijhawm teev hauv chav kawm.
Cov neeg uas tsis tau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj zaum kawg muaj cai hla nws xyoo tom ntej.
Nyiaj txiag Yaj
Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais kev kawm ua haujlwm theem nrab muaj cai kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv dawb.
Cov kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas ua tiav lawv daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab thiab xaiv mus kawm lawv txoj haujlwm kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm txuj ci kuj tseem tsim nyog tau txais nyiaj txiag los ntawm tsoomfwv.
Tau txais kev kawm thib ob hauv tsev kawm theem nrab ntawm tib theem tsuas yog them nyiaj xwb.
Ntxiv rau, cov tsev kawm qib siab, tsev kawm txuj ci, lyceums thiab tsev kawm ua haujlwm hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg thiab lwm lub nroog Lavxias muaj lub sijhawm.kev cog lus kev cob qhia raws li kev lag luam.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm txog kev siv nyiaj tau txais nyiaj pab kawm raws li kev cai.
Speci alties of secondary vocational education
Rau cov neeg uas txiav txim siab kom tau txais kev pabcuam tib neeg lossis kev kawm txuj ci, cov kev tshwj xeeb, cov npe uas tau pom zoo rau cov tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm Ministry of Education, muab sijhawm rau tus tswv txoj haujlwm tsim nyog.
Cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab ua haujlwm muab kev cob qhia hauv kev lag luam hauv qab no:
- kev ua liaj ua teb thiab nuv ntses;
- tsev so thiab tsev noj mov kev pabcuam;
- tshuaj thiab kho mob;
- roj thiab lub zog sector;
- tsim khoom noj, dej haus thiab cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb;
- tsim khoom ntawm textiles;
- tsim khoom tawv thiab khau;
- ntoo;
- pulp thiab ntawv;
- luam tawm thiab luam tawm ntau lawm, tsim cov khoom luam tawm;
- roj, roj thiab kev lag luam nuclear;
- chemical ntau lawm;
- tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv kho qhov muag;
- machine production;
- tsim cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab yas;
- metallurgy;
- thauj khoom;
- furniture manufacturing;
- jewelry;
- ua suab paj nruag;
- tsim khoom kis las;
- recycling;
- lwm ntau lawm;
- tsev so thiab tsev noj mov kev pabcuam;
- kev lag luam (suav thiab muag khoom);
- logistics;
- construction;
- kev qhia ntawv thiab kev qhia;
- tshuaj thiab kho mob;
- kev ua haujlwm nyiaj txiag;
- social sciences;
- muas;
- natural sciences;
- neeg;
- kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab;
- kev lag luam thiab kev tswj hwm;
- kev ruaj ntseg;
- kev pabcuam;
- land tswj thiab geodesy;
- geology thiab minerals;
- aviation thiab foob pob hluav taws thiab thev naus laus zis;
- khoom siv marine;
- xov tooj cua engineering;
- automation thiab tswj;
- computer science thiab engineering;
- tug ntoo;
- kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb lub neej.
Kev tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov yam ntxwv hauv cheeb tsam, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom hauv ib cheeb tsam. Txhawm rau cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog, kev qhia ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv tau ua tiav.
tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tsev kawm txuj ci lossis tsev kawm qib siab - xav tau dab tsi?
Kev xaiv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ncaj qha nyob ntawm koj cov phiaj xwm.
Yog tias tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv koj xav ua tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm qib siab nrog kev cob qhia hauv qhov tshwj xeeb no yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws (piv txwv li, rau kev nkag mus rau tom tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem engineering, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub tsev kawm qib siab engineering.; nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav paub ntxiv txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob, tsev kawm kho mob thiab lwm yamtom ntej no).
Koj yuav tau txais kev tsim nyog ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kawm tshwj xeeb.
Nyob hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab, lawv kuj cob qhia cov neeg txawj ntse hauv nruab nrab cov neeg ua haujlwm - accountants, xib fwb ntawm qib pib thiab theem nrab, cov neeg soj ntsuam, nrog rau cov kws tshaj lij hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Yog tias koj xav tau ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, qhov kev kawm ua haujlwm ntawm thawj theem yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.
