Academician Glushko Valentin Petrovich - tus thawj tsim ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws: biography, tsev neeg, khoom plig, nco

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Academician Glushko Valentin Petrovich - tus thawj tsim ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws: biography, tsev neeg, khoom plig, nco
Academician Glushko Valentin Petrovich - tus thawj tsim ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws: biography, tsev neeg, khoom plig, nco
Anonim

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws missiles tsim los ntawm Soviet Union tau los rau hauv lub neej nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv, uas nws lub npe sawv hauv keeb kwm nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau lub tebchaws. Qhov no yog Academician Glushko, uas tau tsim ntau ntau lub dav hlau muaj zog tshaj plaws. Valentin Petrovich, txawm hais tias nws nyiam ntau yam haujlwm, txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws lub neej thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus.

kawm glushko
kawm glushko

Start

Tus kws tshaj lij yav tom ntej Glushko yug hauv Odessa hauv 1908, thiab hauv 1924 nws kawm tiav los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab Hlau hu ua Trotsky. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum tsib, nws twb nyob rau hauv ib tug cus ciav, yim-xyoo-laus sau ntawv nrog Tsiolkovsky nws tus kheej, uas xa tus me nyuam tub tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm tshiab. Tus tub hluas uas ci ntsa iab no, tseem nyob deb ntawm nws lub hnub nyoog, twb tau luam tawm cov lus ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav chaw thiab txaus siab sau ib phau ntawv hais txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv lub nees nkaum xyoo pua nees nkaum, thaum lub ntsiab ntawm cov pejxeem tsis txawm pom lub dav hlau! Thiab nyob rau hauv 1925, cov tub ntxhais hluas Glushko mus rau Leningrad mus kawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, rau kev txawj ntse rau nws.tau tsim nyog ua kom txhua tus npau suav muaj tseeb.

Nws nyuaj rau kawm ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Physics thiab lej! Yog, thiab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog nyuaj - rov qab los tom qab lub monstrous kev puas tsuaj. Tab sis yav tom ntej kev kawm Glushko tsis yws txog qhov tsis muaj nyiaj, nws tsis tau unload wagons raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, tab sis tau koom nyob rau hauv science. Kev tshaib kev nqhis, txias thiab lwm yam kev nyuaj siab tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los txhawj xeeb nws me ntsis. Thiab qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, bore txiv hmab txiv ntoo: twb nyob rau hauv 1933, Glushko Valentin Petrovich los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub department ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij tshawb fawb lub koom haum, thiab peb xyoos tom qab - tus thawj designer ntawm lub dav hlau engine.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich
Glushko Valentin Petrovich

Tawm ntawm qhov muag pom

Pib pib xyoo 1933, cov tshuab ua kua siv hluav taws xob, tsim los ntawm tus kws tsim qauv ci ntsa iab, tau loj hlob ntawm cov kev hloov kho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub cav nto moo OPM-65 tau yug los, uas tau npaj yuav tsum tau nruab rau saum huab cua torpedoes ua riam phom rau lub dav hlau, thiab raws li ib tug qauv ntawm niaj hnub missiles - rau foob pob ua ntxaij dav hlau. Xyoo 1938, tus kws kawm yav tom ntej Glushko twb tau txais txiaj ntsig.

Nws tau zais, rau txim "rau kev ua phem", zoo li txhua tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov tsim qauv hauv lub tebchaws. Lawv raug txim mus rau yim xyoo nyob rau hauv lub camps thiab xa "mus rau ib tug sharashka", uas yog, ib tug kaw lub chaw ua hauj lwm rau kev loj hlob ntxiv. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv Tushino, ntawm lub aircraft cog No. 82, qhov twg Valentin Petrovich tsim foob pob ua ntxaij launchers ntsia rau aircraft. Qhov tseeb, foob pob hluav taws kev tshawb fawb, hauv nws daim ntawv purest, tseem tsis tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis tsis ntev txhua yam hloov pauv.

Glushko Valentin Petrovichbiography
Glushko Valentin Petrovichbiography

Ua Ntej Yeej

Glushko Valentin Petrovich tau tso tawm xyoo 1944. Nws tam sim ntawd sawv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kev paub dhau los, lossis, zoo dua, lub chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb hauv Kazan, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tau tsim. Xyoo 1946, nws yog ib tug ntawm cov uas kawm German kev txhim kho hauv lub foob pob hluav taws hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Tom qab rov qab los ntawm qhov ntawd nrog cov tswv yim tshiab, Glushko twb tau ua haujlwm hauv kev hloov pauv OKB-456 ntawm lub tuam txhab dav hlau hauv Khimki, qhov twg los ntawm 1948 thawj RD-100 lub cav rau lub foob pob hluav taws tau tshwm sim, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj ntau tus lej. lawv rau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom ya. Glushko Valentin Petrovich, uas nws biography yog tag nrho kev cob cog rua nrog lub dav hlau xyaw, nws yog ces nws tau los ua tus thawj coj undisputed nyob rau hauv lawv creation.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich tsev neeg
Glushko Valentin Petrovich tsev neeg

Hauv xyoo 1974, lub koom haum tshiab tau pib ua haujlwm, coj los ntawm Academician Glushko, NPO Energia, uas suav nrog OKB-456 thiab OKB-1. Tus kws tsim qauv dav siv tau hloov cov chav kawm ntawm lub tuam txhab tso siab rau nws radically. Tias yog vim li cas tag nrho Lavxias teb sab cosmonautics, suav nrog niaj hnub no, tshuav yuav luag txhua yam rau tus txiv neej no. Nws yog nws leej twg tsim lub cav ntawm Vostok spacecraft - los ntawm thawj lub davhlau rau hauv qhov chaw mus rau kev tsim cov chaw nres tsheb hauv orbit. Yog tsis muaj nws, peb qhov chaw ua tiav yuav txawv heev. Tej zaum lawv yuav tsis muaj nyob.

Yog vim li cas thiaj tsim lub monument rau Valentin Glushko hauv Odessa, ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj, kuj muaj npe tom qab tus neeg "tseeb" no. Thiab ntawm txoj kev ntawm Cosmonauts hauv Moscow kuj muaj ib qhomonument. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov kev pabcuam rau fatherland tsis tuaj yeem raug overestimated. Valentin Petrovich Glushko - Hero ntawm Socialist Labor (ob zaug), nws muaj tsib qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Lenin, raws li zoo raws li Order of Red Banner of Labor thiab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, thiab ntau yam puav pheej. Nws yog tus yeej ntawm Lenin thiab Lub Xeev Cov Nqi Zog ntawm USSR.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich thiab poj huab tais
Glushko Valentin Petrovich thiab poj huab tais

Korolev

Txawm tias hauv OKB-1, cov kws tshaj lij zoo tau ua haujlwm nrog tus tsim qauv zoo, uas nws tau xaiv rau hauv lub chaw lis haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej (xav seb lawv txaus siab npaum li cas rau tus neeg raug kaw no uas tau tso cai ua qhov no). Cov no yog cov neeg legendary: Umansky, Zheltukhin, List, Vitka, Strahovich, Zhiritsky thiab ntau lwm tus. Nyob rau hauv 1942, raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus thawj designer Glushko, feem ntau legendary txiv neej uas kov yeej qhov chaw twb pauv mus rau Kazan.

Glushko Valentin Petrovich thiab Korolev Sergei Pavlovich ua ke tsim cov cuab yeej ua tub rog uas coj yeej rau lub tebchaws. Lub foob pob hluav taws cav tau nruab rau ntawm Pe-2, thiab tam sim ntawd nws qhov ceev tau dhau los ua 180 mais ib teev siab dua. Muaj kev sim nrog Yak-3, La-7, Su-7 fighters. Qhov kev ceev nce yog impressive - mus txog ob puas kilometers ib teev. Yog li, nrog kev pab los ntawm lub tshuab ua kua-propellant dav hlau, txoj hmoo ntawm foob pob hluav taws thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv.

kawm ntawv muffled npo zog
kawm ntawv muffled npo zog

Kev sib raug zoo nrog tub ceev xwm

Stalin "tso" Glushko ua ntej ntawm lub sijhawm thiab tshem tawm nws cov ntaub ntawv txhaum cai hauv xyoo 1944. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus tsim qauv, xyaum tsis muaj dab tsi hloov los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab no. Nws ib txwm, tsis hais lub tsev hais plaub, yog ib qho zais cia thiabtiv thaiv los ntawm tag nrho lub neej los ntawm lub phab ntsa loj ntawm kev muaj tswv yim ua haujlwm, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub teb chaws thiab qhov xav tau los ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab lub siab. Tab sis Glushko raug siv qhov taw tes Stalinist. Nws tau muab cov thawj coj ntawm peb caug tus neeg uas tseem yuav tsum tau tso tawm ua ntej lub sijhawm thiab tawm mus ua haujlwm hauv lub chaw tsim khoom. Thiab yog li ntawd tau tshwm sim. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg no tau khi lawv txoj hmoo nrog Glushko mus ib txhis.

Thiab txij li xyoo 1945, tus txiv neej no, uas tau raug txim ntau xyoo dhau los, tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum Kazan Aviation, qhov chaw uas nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab dav hlau thiab npaj cov neeg pabcuam tsim nyog rau nws tus kheej thiab nws Tsim. Bureau. Ntau qhov nthuav ntxiv: nag hmo tus neeg raug txim "rau wrecking" tau kawm foob pob hluav taws hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab (1945-1947), thaum mus ncig ua lag luam. Trophies - German foob pob hluav taws science - tus tsim, ntawm chav kawm, impressed. Tab sis rooj plaub no kuj tau qhia ntau yam txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov muaj tswv yim sib txuas. Glushko tau muaj plaub lub rooj sib tham ntev ntev nrog Stalin, qhov twg kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev tau tham txog. Tus thawj coj nug cov lus nug ntse, ntse, tsim nyog.

muffled hero ntawm kev ua haujlwm socialist
muffled hero ntawm kev ua haujlwm socialist

Space

Hauv xyoo 1953, Glushko tau raug xaiv los rau Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb los ua tus tswv cuab, thiab xyoo 1957, yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev hais tawm, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab tau muab nws daim ntawv kawm tiav qib siab. Nws yog lub sijhawm los ua kom koj txoj kev npau suav thaum yau los ua tiav. Valentin Petrovich tau tsim ntau cov kev pab cuam ntawm manned orbital chaw nres tsheb, txawm lunar settlements, reusable spacecraft tshwm sim nrog nws lub teeb tes. Nws tau koom nrog kev tshawb nrhiav Venus thiab Mars,npaj ya mus rau asteroids.

Thiab ntau ntawm nws txoj kev npau suav lub neej tau muaj tseeb. Lub community launch ntawm thawj satellite mus rau lub orbit ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tau thawb lub teb chaws mus rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm rocket science. Kev sib txuas lus nrog lub ntiaj teb pib tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm orbital complexes "Mir", "Salyut" los ntawm txoj kev ntawm manned spacecraft "Soyuz" thiab thauj tsheb "Progress", uas yog tsim los ntawm Valentin Petrovich Glushko. Tab sis ntau yam tseem tsis tau muaj tseeb, txog tam sim no.

monument rau valentine glushko
monument rau valentine glushko

Moon

Glushko coj kev txhim kho ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb lunar uas yuav muaj neeg nyob txhua lub sijhawm. Lub "sab saum toj zais cia" stamp ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis tau tso cai rau cov pej xeem tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm lub tswv yim no, thiab yog li ntawd, thaum lub lunar program raug kaw tom qab qhov kev ua tsis tiav ntawm N-1, tsis muaj leej twg tu siab txog nws, tsuas yog rau tus tsim qauv. Thiab txawm tias txhua yam zoo uas tau tshwm sim tsis tuaj yeem nplij nws mus txog thaum kawg. Puas tau tshwm sim? Ntau tshaj li tsib caug kev hloov kho ntawm cov kua xyaw, uas tam sim no siv rau kaum xya tus qauv ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua cuaj luaj. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua uas tsim lub tshuab tso tsheb hlau luam tau pib qhov chaw nres tsheb tsis siv neeg mus rau Mars, Venus thiab Lub hli, lawv kuj tau nruab rau ntawm Soyuz thiab Vostok manned spacecraft, thiab pes tsawg lub satellites ntawm lub hli thiab lub ntiaj teb tau muab tso rau hauv orbit nrog lawv. pab!

Thiab lub dav hlau Buran, tsim nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Glushko, lub dav hlau no, uas yooj yim coj los ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau, nrog cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv tshav kub kawg, nrog rau kev suav hauv computer hauvKaum tawm txhiab tus duab kos, thiab nrog lub cav, lub zog tshaj plaws txawm tias niaj hnub no - lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws RD-170, lub hlwb ntawm Glushko, tsis yog qis dua, tab sis zoo dua hauv ntau qhov kev hwm txawm tias mus rau Shuttle! Cov cuab yeej yog flawless tiag tiag! Tab sis … txiv apples tsis tawg rau Mars, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm peb ntawm txoj kev lunar. Valentin Petrovich tsis tos. Nyob rau hauv 1989, nws tuag, thiab lub International Union ntawm Astronomers hu ua ib tug crater nyob rau sab pom ntawm lub hli tom qab nws. Tej zaum tsuas yog tus uas nyiam tus npau suav zoo thiab nquag ua rau nws hmo ntuj.

kawm glushko
kawm glushko

Nyob

Cov poj niam kuj nyiam Glushko Valentin Petrovich. Yog li ntawd, nws tsev neeg nyob deb ntawm ib leeg, txawm tias "kev zais cia", lub sijhawm ntev hauv "sharashka" thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Thawj zaug nws sib yuav thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum cuaj, ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Leningrad University. Nws tsis tau rub lub wagons, tab sis thaum nws tshaib plab tshwj xeeb, nws khwv tau nyiaj me ntsis kho cov tsev, qhov chaw qub Odessa ntxhais Susanna Georgievskaya, yav tom ntej kws sau ntawv, tau pom. Dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm cov txij nkawm, vim li cas lawv sib nrauj, tseem yog qhov tsis paub. Tab sis cov xwm txheej yog amazing. Valentine raug mob los ntawm rab phom. Nws hais tias yog vim li cas yog careless tuav. Qhov no tau ua raws li kev sib nrauj.

Ib tug poj niam tshiab tshwm sim, uas nws tsis muaj sijhawm los yuav - Tamara Sarkisova. Txawm li cas los xij, tus ntxhais ntawm Eugene tswj tau yug los. Kev ntes ntawm Glushko Tamara tau ntshai heev thiab tsis lees paub txhua txoj kev sib raug zoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm tshwm sim, Glushko tsis rov qab los rau nws - nws tsis zam txim rau. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws tau txais ib tug xib fwb, uas nws lub npe yog Magda, thiabcov me nyuam yug - Yuri thiab Elena. Tom qab ntawd yuav tsum muaj lwm yam uas keeb kwm nyob ntsiag to txog. Glushko yog ib tug tsis tshua muaj neeg nthuav thiab ntshiab sab nrauv, thiab lub halo ntawm genius ci ntsa iab unbearably tshaj nws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1959, thaum tus tsim tsim muaj tsib caug-ib, Lidia Naryshkina tshwm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, ib tug hluas nkauj kaum yim xyoo uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws lub Energomash Design Bureau nyob rau hauv Khimki, uas nws nyob rau nees nkaum yim xyoo ntxiv, tsa ib tug zoo kawg nkaus. tus tub.

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