CHIASSR: kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus lej, cov pej xeem, thaj chaw thiab peev, keeb kwm ntawm kev lwj thiab kev kho dua tshiab

Cov txheej txheem:

CHIASSR: kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus lej, cov pej xeem, thaj chaw thiab peev, keeb kwm ntawm kev lwj thiab kev kho dua tshiab
CHIASSR: kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus lej, cov pej xeem, thaj chaw thiab peev, keeb kwm ntawm kev lwj thiab kev kho dua tshiab
Anonim

Txhua tus uas xav paub txog keeb kwm ntawm Soviet Union paub txog kev txiav txim siab ntawm CHIASSR. Qhov no yog Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej. Nws yog lub chaw tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam ntawm RSFSR los ntawm 1936 txog 1944 thiab los ntawm 1957 txog 1993. Lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej yog Grozny.

Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm

Deciphering CHIASSR tau paub rau txhua tus neeg uas nyob hauv Soviet Union. Lub koom pheej no muaj ob theem hauv keeb kwm. Thawj ntawm lawv pib ua ntej Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1936, ib txoj cai tshiab Stalinist tau txais yuav. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws hais tias cov kev cai tau muaj, raws li uas Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Thaj tsam raug tshem tawm ntawm North Caucasus Territory. Qhov no yog li cas Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej tau tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd kev txiav txim siab ntawm CHIASSR tau paub.

Tsis ntev tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, ib feem me me ntawm thaj av no tau nyob los ntawm cov tub rog German, thiab tseem nyob hauv txoj haujlwm no thoob plaws xyoo 1942 thiab 1943.

Deportation ntawm Chechens
Deportation ntawm Chechens

In 1944 ib ntawmcov nplooj ntawv tsis txaus siab tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Chechens thiab Ingush, thaum cov tub ceev xwm tau liam lawv ntawm kev sib koom tes. Lawv raug liam tias txhob txwm ua thiab kev yeem koom tes nrog cov yeeb ncuab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv lub xeev thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig. Raws li txoj cai, lo lus no yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim siab, implying kev koom tes nrog cov occupiers.

Raws li kev rau txim rau qhov no, cov pej xeem hauv zos tau raug xa tawm mus rau Kyrgyzstan thiab Kazakhstan ua ib feem ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Lentil. Thiab nyob rau lub Peb Hlis Ntuj ntawm tib lub xyoo, Chechen-Ingush koom pheej tau raug tshem tawm, thiab kev txiav txim siab ntawm CHIASSR yuav tsum tsis nco qab ib ntus. Yog li ntawd, Grozny District tau tshwm sim, uas tau los ua ib feem ntawm thaj chaw Stavropol. Cov cheeb tsam Nozhai-Yurtovsky, Vedensky, Cheberloevsky, Sayasanovsky, Sharoevsky thiab Kurchaloevsky cheeb tsam tau suav nrog hauv Dagestan Republic. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm RSFSR, lub nroog raug tshem tawm, thiab thaj chaw qub ntawm lub tebchaws tau los ua thaj av Grozny. Kev tshem tawm ntawm CHIASSR tau raug pom zoo los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Pawg Sab Laj, nws cov lus hais raug cais tawm ntawm tsab cai lij choj xyoo 1937.

Second life

Grozny cheeb tsam
Grozny cheeb tsam

Qhov tseeb, lub neej thib ob ntawm tebchaws tau pib sai tom qab Stalin tuag, xyoo 1957. Nws tau rov qab los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Soviet Union thiab RSFSR. Nws yog noteworthy tias lub sij hawm no nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv loj heev ciam teb dua li thaum nws raug tshem tawm. Tshwj xeeb, nws suav nrog Shelkovsky thiab Naursky koog tsev kawm ntawv, uas tau pauv hauv xyoo 1944 mus rau thaj av Grozny los ntawm thaj chaw Stavropol. Feem ntau Russians nyob ntawd.pej xeem. Interestingly, Prigorodny koog tsev kawm ntawv, uas yav tas los ib feem ntawm nws, tseem nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm North Ossetia. Tom qab kev txhim kho, thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws yog 19,300 square kilometers.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm tau pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj hauv Lub Ob Hlis 1957, cov kab lus sib raug tau raug xa rov qab mus rau Soviet txoj cai. Nws formalized lub restoration ntawm lub Chechen-Ingush ASSR.

Riots

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam tseem muaj kev nruj heev. Piv txwv li, hauv roob. Grozny Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej thaum Lub Yim Hli 1958 muaj kev tawm tsam uas kav ntev li ib lub lis piam. Qhov laj thawj rau lawv yog kev tua neeg ntawm haiv neeg. Txhua yam pib nrog kev sib ntaus ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau haiv neeg.

Hnub Lub Yim Hli 23, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Grozny, qhov chaw cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw cog tshuaj hauv zos feem ntau nyob, ib lub tuam txhab ntawm Chechens, uas suav nrog ib tug txiv neej Lavxias, haus dej cawv. Thaum lub tsiab peb caug, muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm lawv. Chechen Lulu M altsagov stabbed Lavxias teb sab Vladimir Korotchev nyob rau hauv lub plab. Tom qab ntawd, lub tuam txhab tau mus ua las voos ntawm lub tsev ntawm Culture. Muaj lwm qhov tsis sib haum xeeb. Lub sijhawm no nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm cog Ryabov thiab Stepashin. Stepashin raug ntaus, ua rau tsib lub qhov txhab, los ntawm qhov uas nws tuag. Muaj ntau tus tim khawv nyob ib puag ncig uas hu rau tub ceev xwm. Cov neeg raug liam raug ntes. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, qhov kev ua txhaum cai tau tshaj tawm vim muaj kev sib cav sib ceg. Tag nrho cov no coj mus rau kev ua phem rau cov pej xeem Chechen.

lus xaiv txog kev tua neeg ntawm ib tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub Hoobkas tau nthuav tawm sai. Cov hluasreacted heev nruj heev. Cov neeg tua neeg raug thov kom raug txim hnyav, tab sis cov tub ceev xwm tsis ua rau qhov no nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev. Qhov xwm txheej tau ua rau hnyav zuj zus los ntawm qhov xwm txheej kev nom kev tswv thiab nyiaj txiag hauv lub tebchaws, uas ua rau tus cwj pwm ntawm Chechens rau Russians.

Lub Yim Hli 25, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau hais kom npaj kev so haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum lub koom haum, tab sis cov tub ceev xwm tau txiav txim siab tias nws tsis tsim nyog, ntshai tsam muaj qhov xwm txheej ntxiv. Lub farewell twb teem nyob rau hauv lub vaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws tus nkauj nyab lub tsev. Nws hloov mus ua kev tawm tsam loj, kev tawm tsam tshwm sim tau pib ze ntawm Stepashin lub hleb. Txhua leej txhua tus tau thov kom ntsuas ntsuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev phem kev qias thiab kev tua neeg los ntawm Ingush thiab Chechens.

hais lus tawm tsam Soviet lub zog

Lub Yim Hli 26, lub rooj sib tham quaj ntsuag raug txwv. Tom qab ntawd ib pawg ntawm 200 tus neeg tau nce mus rau Grozny nrog lub hleb ntawm tus neeg tuag. Nws yuav tsum tau muab faus rau hauv lub nroog tojntxas, txoj kev uas mus hla lub nroog nruab nrab. Nws tau npaj yuav tsum nres ze ntawm lub tsev ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam thiab tuav lub rooj sib tham quaj ntsuag nyob ntawd. Ntau tus neeg tuaj koom lub rooj sib txoos raws txoj kev. Maj mam, cov txheej txheem hloov mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam tawm tsam Chechen. Cov tub ceev xwm tau thaiv txoj kev mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub roob. Grozny, Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, lub cordon tau tawg.

Hnub yav tsaus ntuj, cov neeg coob coob tau tsoo mus rau hauv lub tsev ntawm pawg thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam, tau ua ib qho pogrom hauv nws. Qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsuas yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 27, thaum cov tub rog raug coj los rau hauv nroog.

Ingush rally
Ingush rally

Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov xwm txheej tau nce ntxiv hauv 1973, thaum lub rooj sib tham ntawm Ingush txuas ntxiv rau ob peb hnub hauv Grozny, uas tau thov kom dawsqhov teeb meem ntawm kev kho thaj chaw, piv txwv li, xa rov qab lub nroog Prigorodny, uas cov Ingush feem ntau nyob, mus rau lub koom pheej. Lub rally tau tawg los ntawm cov tub rog siv rab phom dej.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Republic

Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej
Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej

Cov xwm txheej uas tau pib xyoo 1990 coj mus rau qhov kev puas tsuaj tom ntej ntawm Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, lub sijhawm no yog qhov kawg. Republican Supreme Council tau txais ib tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog lub xeev sovereignty. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1991, txoj cai lij choj tau hloov kho los tsim Chechen-Ingush Soviet Socialist Republic.

Lub Rau Hli, ntawm qhov pib ntawm Dzhokhar Dudayev, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Thawj Chechen National Congress tau sib sau ua ke hauv Grozny thiab tshaj tawm tsim tsa National Congress ntawm Chechen Cov Neeg. Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd, Chechen koom pheej ntawm Nokhchi-cho tau tshaj tawm, cov thawj coj ntawm Pawg Sab Laj tau tshaj tawm tias yog usurpers.

Qhov xwm txheej nce ntxiv

Lub Yim Hli cov xwm txheej hauv Moscow tau dhau los ua qhov cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam kev nom kev tswv. Tom qab ua tsis tiav ntawm GKChP, muaj kev thov kom tshem tawm ntawm Pawg Sab Laj Hauv Nroog thiab kom muaj kev xaiv tsa tshiab. Dudayev cov neeg txhawb nqa tau tuav lub rooj sib tham, lub chaw TV.

Thaum lub sijhawm txeeb ntawm Pawg Sab Laj, muaj lub rooj sib tham ntawm pawg thawj coj, uas tau sib sau ua ke tag nrho, suav nrog kev sib tham nrog cov thawj coj ua lag luam thiab cov txiv plig hauv zos. Dudayev thiab nws cov neeg txhawb nqa tau txiav txim siab coj lub tsev los ntawm cua daj cua dub. Nws tau pib li ntawm ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib teev tom qab lub peev lub emissaries tawm ntawm Pawg Sab Laj.

BRaws li qhov tshwm sim, kwv yees li plaub caug tus neeg sawv cev raug ntaus, cov neeg sib cais tau cuam tshuam tus thawj tswj hwm hauv nroog Grozny Kutsenko tawm ntawm lub qhov rais. Tom qab ntawd nws mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tas lawm.

Tam sim no, qhov tseeb, cov qauv ntawm lub hwj chim raug cai ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov koom pheej tseem nyob rau ob peb lub hlis ntxiv tom qab ua tiav kev tawm tsam. Piv txwv li, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Lub Xeev thiab Tub Ceev Xwm raug tshem tawm tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm 1991. Tus kws lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv tau siv sijhawm li ib lub limtiam hauv qab daus, uas raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab thaum nws hu Dudayev qhov kev ua txhaum cai.

Tom qab kev sib tham nrog kev koom tes ntawm Khasbulatov, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm RSFSR, tau tsim txoj cai ib ntus - Pawg Sab Laj Siab Tshaj Plaws.

Lub Kaum Hli 1, kev faib ntawm cov koom pheej rau hauv Chechen thiab Ingush tau tshaj tawm.

YAdministration division

Cov neeg nyob hauv Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej
Cov neeg nyob hauv Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej

Tom qab tsim lub Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej, cov koom pheej suav nrog 24 cheeb tsam thiab ib lub nroog ntawm subordination hauv cheeb tsam - Grozny. Nyob rau hauv 1944, lub Novogroznensky thiab Goragorsky koog tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim, uas yog ces liquidated nyob rau hauv 1951.

Tom qab kev txhim kho thaj av hauv xyoo 1957, nws tsuas muaj 16 lub nroog thiab ob lub nroog ntawm cov koom pheej ywj pheej. Qhov thib ob tom qab Grozny yog Malgobek.

Hauv xyoo 1990, twb muaj tsib lub nroog ntawm cov koom pheej ywj pheej hauv tebchaws - Grozny, Nazran, Gudermes, Malgobek thiab Argun. Kuj tseem muaj 15 cheeb tsam ntawm Chechen-Ingush ASSR. Qhov no yog Achkhoy-Martanovsky, Vvedensky,Grozny, Gudermes, Itum-Kalinsky, Malgobek, Nadterechny, Naursky, Nazranovsky, Nozhai-Yurtovsky, Sunzhensky, Urus-Martanovsky, Shalinsky, Shatoevsky, Shelkovsky.

Pabneeg

Restoration ntawm Chechen-Ingush ASSR
Restoration ntawm Chechen-Ingush ASSR

Cov pej xeem ntawm Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej tau nce ntxiv rau tag nrho cov xyoo pua 20th. Yog tias xyoo 1939 txog 700 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws, tom qab ntawd xyoo 1959, tsis ntev tom qab kev txhim kho thaj av ntawd, cov neeg nyob hauv zos tseem nyob ze li ntawm tib theem.

Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm xyoo 1970 kev suav pej xeem, ntau tshaj li ib lab tus tib neeg tau nyob hauv tebchaws, qhov siab tshaj plaws tau mus txog xyoo 1979, thaum ib lab 153 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv tebchaws. Raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 1989, muaj ib lab 275 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv Checheno-Ingushetia.

National composition

Raws li xyoo 1959, feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos yog cov neeg Lavxias, txog 49 feem pua, tawm tsam 34 feem pua ntawm Chechens. Qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv ntau xyoo 1970, thaum txog 48% ntawm Chechens twb nyob, thiab 34.5% ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tseem nyob.

Nyob rau xyoo 1989, yuav luag 58% ntawm Chechens, 23% ntawm Lavxias teb sab, kwv yees li 13% ntawm Ingush, thiab me ntsis ntau tshaj li ib feem pua ntawm Armenians nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws.

Zoo siab heev

Lub nroog Grozniy
Lub nroog Grozniy

Thiab lub sijhawm no, Grozny yog lub peev ntawm Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Loj Loj, cov Germans ua tsis tau nws. Tab sis lawv tau foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw roj av. Cov hluav taws tshwm sim tau tua tau ob peb hnub. Hauv zoscov tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem rov qab ua haujlwm sai sai ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam txhawm rau xa cov khoom siv roj tsim nyog mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab.

Tom qab raug xa tawm, Grozny hauv Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic tau los ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Grozny koog tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog ib feem ntawm thaj chaw Stavropol. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb lub lis piam tom qab lub cheeb tsam Grozny tau tsim. Tom qab kev rov kho dua ntawm Ingush thiab Chechens, lub nroog rov tig mus rau hauv lub peev ntawm cov koom pheej ywj pheej.

Gudermes

Lub nroog no yeej yog lub nroog tseem ceeb thib ob hauv tebchaws tau ntau xyoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib hais haum tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub nroog tsuas yog xyoo 1941. Lub sijhawm ntawd, muaj ntau tshaj kaum txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist koom pheej, yuav luag plaub caug txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv Gudermes lawm. Tam sim no, cov pejxeem tau nce los ntawm tsib caug-peb txhiab tus neeg. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos yog Chechens. Lawv muaj tshaj 95 feem pua. Kwv yees li ob feem pua yog cov neeg Lavxias, yuav luag ib feem ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yog Kumyks.

Pom zoo: