Antonyms yog cov lus tawm tsam rau ib leeg hauv lub ntsiab lus, tab sis yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Lawv muaj cov ntawv sau thiab suab sib txawv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev los txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho antonym los ntawm lwm tus, nws yog txaus los muab nws daim ntawv ntawm negation. Piv txwv li, cov lus hais ncaj qha rau cov lus hais tsis yog yuav tsum nyob twj ywm, tu siab tsis zoo siab, thiab lwm yam. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav ua tib zoo saib lub tswvyim ntawm "antonyms" thiab nrhiav lawv hom.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Vim qhov kev nplua nuj ntawm cov lus Lavxias, muaj ntau yam nuances thiab subtleties hauv ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas ntau phau ntawv qhia txog kev hais lus tau kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab qee lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas vim qhov tsis meej ntawm cov lus, cov lus sib txawv ntawm cov lus sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Piv txwv li: qub npua - menyuam npua, tsheb qub - tsheb tshiab, qub cheese - cheese tshiab thiab lwm yam.
- Tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv lexical muaj antonyms. Lawv tsis yog, piv txwv li,muaj lo lus sew, koom haum, phau ntawv thiab lwm yam.
- Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov lus uas txhais tau tias:
- cim ntawm qhov kev kawm (ntse - ruam, phem - zoo);
- kev sib raug zoo thiab ntuj tsim (tshaj - nruab nrab, kub - txias);
- xeev thiab kev ua haujlwm (sib nrug - sau, tsis nco qab - nco).
Type of antonyms
Lawv sib txawv hauv cov qauv.
- Ib cag antonyms yog cov lus uas tawm tsam hauv lub ntsiab lus, tab sis muaj tib lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li: kev hlub - tsis nyiam, kev vam meej - regression. Lawv raug tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv prefixes (not-, tsis muaj / nrog-, re-, de- thiab lwm yam).
- Different root antonyms yog cov lus uas muaj polar hauv lub ntsiab lus thiab muaj cov hauv paus sib txawv. Piv txwv li: loj - me, dub - dawb.
Nyob rau hauv lem, thawj hom kuj muab faib ua: antonyms-euphemisms (siab ncaj qhia qhov opposite, txawv, piv txwv li: tseem ceeb - insignificant) thiab enantiosemes (qhia tawm tsam nrog tib lo lus, piv txwv li: saib (hauv txoj kev pom) thiab saib (hauv kev nkag siab ntawm kev hla).
Lwm pab pawg kuj txawv: cov ntsiab lus antonyms yog cov lus sib txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus hauv ib rooj plaub. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tus sau qhov kev ua yeeb yam: nws tsis muaj qhov muag - tab sis qhov muag.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus, antonyms yog raws li nram no.
- Tawm tsam: lawv qhia txog qhov polarity ntawm kev ua, tshwm sim lossis cov cim qhia. Raws li txoj cai, ntawm qhov zoo sib xws antonyms koj tuaj yeem sau ib lo lus nrog qhov nruab nrabmeaning: xyiv fab - apathy - sadness, positive - indifference - negative.
- Vector: lawv qhia txog kev ua ntau yam: muab tso rau - tshem tawm, qhib - kaw.
- Kev tsis sib haum xeeb: qhia qhov polarity ntawm cov khoom, tshwm sim thiab cov cim qhia, txhua qhov tsis suav nrog lwm tus. Nws tsis tuaj yeem muab lo lus nruab nrab ntawm lawv: sab xis - sab laug.
lus qhia ua haujlwm
Nyob hauv kab lus, antonyms ua lub luag haujlwm stylistic thiab siv los hais lus ntau dua. Feem ntau lawv tau siv los ua kev tawm tsam (kev tawm tsam, qhov sib txawv). Piv txwv li: "Leej twg tsis muaj leej twg, nws yuav dhau los ua txhua yam." Qee zaum antonyms tsim ib qho oxymoron (kev sib txuas ntawm qhov tsis sib xws). Piv txwv li: "Tub daus kub", "Lub cev tuag."
Cov lus txhais tau dav siv tsis yog hauv cov npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov lus paj lug thiab cov lus.
