Vectors ntawm acceleration thiab tshaj tawm. Acceleration thiab lub zog. Kev taw qhia ntawm tangential thiab ib txwm accelerations

Cov txheej txheem:

Vectors ntawm acceleration thiab tshaj tawm. Acceleration thiab lub zog. Kev taw qhia ntawm tangential thiab ib txwm accelerations
Vectors ntawm acceleration thiab tshaj tawm. Acceleration thiab lub zog. Kev taw qhia ntawm tangential thiab ib txwm accelerations
Anonim

Raws li koj paub, txhua lub cev muaj nuj nqis yog ib ntawm ob hom, nws yog scalar lossis vector. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav txiav txim siab xws li kinematic yam ntxwv xws li ceev thiab acceleration, thiab kuj qhia qhov twg acceleration thiab ceev vectors yog qhia.

Ceev thiab acceleration yog dab tsi?

Acceleration thiab velocity vectors
Acceleration thiab velocity vectors

Ob qho ntawm cov lus hais hauv kab lus no yog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam kev txav, txawm tias nws txav lub cev mus rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim lossis raws txoj kev nkhaus.

Speed yog tus nqi ntawm kev sib koom ua ke hloov sijhawm. Kev ua lej, tus nqi no yog sib npaug rau lub sij hawm derivative ntawm qhov kev ncua deb, uas yog:

v¯=dl¯/dt.

Ntawm no yog vector l¯ yog qhia los ntawm qhov pib ntawm txoj kev mus rau qhov kawg taw tes.

Thiab, acceleration yog ceev uas qhov ceev nws tus kheej hloov nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug formula, nws yuav sau tau li no:

a¯=dv¯/dt.

Pom tseeb, noj qhov thib ob derivative ntawmhloov vector l¯ nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, peb kuj yuav tau txais tus nqi ntawm acceleration.

Vim qhov ceev yog ntsuas hauv meters ib ob, acceleration, raws li sau qhia, yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv meters ib ob squared.

Average Acceleration Formula
Average Acceleration Formula

qhov nrawm thiab nrawm vectors nyob qhov twg?

Nyob rau hauv physics, txhua yam kev txav ntawm lub cev feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qee qhov kev coj ua. Qhov tom kawg yog qee qhov kev xav nkhaus uas lub cev txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, ib txoj kab ncaj nraim los yog lub voj voog yog cov piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev txav mus los.

Lub cev lub nrawm nrawm yog ib txwm coj mus rau kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav mus los, txawm tias lub cev qeeb lossis nrawm, txawm tias nws txav mus rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim lossis raws txoj kab nkhaus. Hais lus hauv cov ntsiab lus geometric, lub nrawm vector yog qhia tangentially mus rau qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev uas lub cev tam sim no nyob.

Lub acceleration vector ntawm cov khoom lossis lub cev taw tes tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog ceev. Qhov no vector yog qhia nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm kev hloov ceev. Piv txwv li, rau rectilinear tsab ntawv tsa suab, tus nqi a¯ tuaj yeem coincide in direction nrog v¯ los yog opposite rau v¯.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab nrawm

Lub cev acceleration vector
Lub cev acceleration vector

Peb tau pom tias qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm lub cev yog coj mus rau qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov nrawm vector. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib txwm yooj yim los txiav txim siab seb qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw muab rau hauv txoj hauv kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv ceev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua qhov kev ua haujlwmvector sib txawv. Txhawm rau zam cov teeb meem no hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm vector a¯, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev kom paub sai sai.

Hauv qab no yog Newton txoj cai nto moo thiab paub zoo rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm:

F¯=ma¯.

Cov mis qhia tau hais tias qhov ua rau kom nrawm hauv lub cev yog lub zog ua rau lawv. Txij li thaum qhov loj m yog scalar, lub zog vector F¯ thiab a¯ acceleration vector yog nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev. Qhov tseeb no yuav tsum nco ntsoov thiab siv rau hauv kev xyaum thaum twg muaj qhov xav tau los txiav txim siab txog qhov ntau a¯.

Yog tias ob peb lub zog sib txawv ntawm lub cev, ces qhov kev taw qhia ntawm acceleration vector yuav sib npaug rau qhov tshwm sim vector ntawm tag nrho cov rog.

Lub voj voog ncig thiab nrawm

Point acceleration vector
Point acceleration vector

Thaum lub cev txav mus rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim, qhov nrawm yog coj mus rau pem hauv ntej lossis rov qab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus tsa suab nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, qhov teeb meem yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias qhov ceev vector yog tas li hloov nws cov kev taw qhia. Raws li cov saum toj no, tag nrho acceleration yog txiav txim los ntawm nws ob yam: tangential thiab ib txwm acceleration.

Tangential acceleration yog qhia raws nraim tib yam li lub nrawm vector, lossis tawm tsam nws. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, no acceleration tivthaiv yog qhia raws lub tangent mus rau lub trajectory. Tangential acceleration piav qhia txog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub modulus ntawm qhov ceev nws tus kheej.

Ib txwm acceleration yog qhia raws li ib txwm mus rau qhov muab taw tes ntawm txoj kev, coj mus rau hauv tus account nws curvature. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub voj voog, lub vector ntawm cov khoom no qhiamus rau qhov chaw, uas yog, ib txwm acceleration yog qhia raws lub vojvoog ntawm kev sib hloov. Cov khoom no feem ntau hu ua centripetal.

Kev nrawm nrawm yog qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom no, yog li nws cov vector tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg nrog rau kab kab.

Yog lub cev tig tsis hloov pauv qhov nrawm nrawm, ces tsuas muaj qhov tsis muaj xoom ib txwm muaj, yog li tag nrho acceleration vector yog coj mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog. Nco ntsoov tias qhov chaw no tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog uas ua rau lub cev ntawm nws txoj kev mus. Piv txwv li, lub gravitational quab yuam ntawm lub hnub ua rau peb lub ntiaj teb thiab lwm cov ntiaj chaw nyob rau hauv lawv orbits.

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