Kab lus no yuav piav qhia yuav ua li cas loj hlob ib lub siv lead ua los ntawm tooj liab sulfate hauv tsev. Cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thaum npaj ib txoj haujlwm ntawm "chemistry", thiab rau txhua tus neeg nyiam hauv kev tshawb fawb no.
Vim li cas xiav vitriol?
Cov tshuaj no yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm ntsev, uas txhais tau hais tias nws cov tshuaj tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim rau hauv cov khoom los ntawm cov txheej txheem crystallization. Kev loj hlob ntawm pob zeb los ntawm nws, raws li txoj cai, tshwm sim sai dua li siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov ntsev los yog qab zib. Tsis tas li ntawd, tooj liab sulfate crystals tig tawm los ua xim xiav zoo nkauj. Nrog rau kev cog qoob loo kom raug, lawv tau txais cov duab zoo sib xws, yog li nws tuaj yeem nthuav dav thiab zoo siab los soj ntsuam qhov tshwm sim ntawm koj tus kheej kev paub.
Lwm qhov kev sib cav hauv kev pom zoo ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom tshwj xeeb no yuav yog nws muaj. Koj tuaj yeem yuav ib lub thawv ntawm xiav vitriol ntawm txhua lub khw tshwj xeeb hauv kev muag khoom raucov neeg ua teb thiab cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov.
Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi ua ntej pib qhov kev paub?
tshooj no yuav muab qee qhov kev paub theoretical uas yuav pab koj loj hlob siv lead ua los ntawm tooj liab sulfate hauv tsev yav tom ntej. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov txheej txheem twg yuav tsum tshwm sim txhawm rau txhawm rau ua tiav.
Los ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm chemistry, cov menyuam kawm ntawv paub tias ntau cov kua thiab cov roj gaseous muaj peev xwm ua tau ib qho sib xws. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm crystallization txheej txheem. Tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias txoj haujlwm yog kom tau txais cov khoom siv los ntawm qab zib, ntsev lossis xiav vitriol, uas twb muaj lawm? Science hais tias nws yog tag nrho. Yuav kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los pib txheej txheem recrystallization. Ntawd yog, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sim tuaj yeem suav tias ua tiav yog tias cov pob zeb me me, tau yaj hauv cov kua, tam sim ntawd hloov mus rau hauv tib lub pob zeb.
Recrystalization
Qhov tseem ceeb hauv qab uas cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tau yog qhov muaj cov tshuaj supersaturated.
Thiab qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov muaju hauv tsev los ntawm tooj liab sulfate yuav tsum tau tsim cov khoom sib xyaw. Cov kua tuaj yeem hu ua supersaturated nrog qee yam khoom yog tias muaj ntau cov khoom yaj hauv nws uas ib feem ntawm nws tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog nws thiab nyob hauv qab ntawm lub thawv. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas loj hlob ib lub siv lead ua los ntawm tooj liab sulfate, koj yuav tsum xub kawm paub yuav ua li cas ua cov tshuaj supersaturated.
Hygiene requirements
Ua ntej tshaj, nws tsim nyog saib xyuas qhov tsim nyog tsis muaj menyuam uas qhov kev sim yuav tsum tshwm sim. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov plaub hau ntawm tus kws tshuaj amateur yuav tsum tau npog nrog lub kaus mom, thiab nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau hnav hnab looj tes roj hmab ntawm koj txhais tes. tooj liab sulfate, yog ua tib zoo ua tib zoo thiab ntse, tsis ua phem rau tib neeg lub cev.
Txhua qhov kev ceev faj saum toj no yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj los ntawm plua plav thiab cov khoom me me ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws. Qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias lwm cov muaju tuaj yeem pib loj hlob ntawm cov nplej ntawm cov xuab zeb uas poob rau hauv cov kua, uas yuav ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob zeb tseem ceeb.
Supersaturated solution recipe
Txhawm rau npaj nws, koj yuav xav tau lub lauj kaub, dej, lub thawv xiav vitriol, lub thawv uas qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev sim yuav ua tiav (lub nkoj nrog cov phab ntsa pob tshab yog qhov zoo tshaj rau lub hom phiaj no, txij li koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kev loj hlob ntawm cov siv lead ua txhua hnub). Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau ua tiav txoj haujlwm, ib daim ntawv, ib qho kev sib tw thiab cov xov yuav los ua ke (nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias nws tsis yog fleecy, tab sis, piv txwv li, txhob lo lo ntxhuav los yog ua los ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws).
Yog li, cia peb pib thawj theem ntawm kev ua cov siv lead ua los ntawm tooj liab sulfate hauv tsev. Ib lub lauj kaub dej yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm hluav taws qeeb. Thaum cov kua twb sov txaus, tab sis tseem tsis muaj sij hawm los boil, koj yuav tsum ncuav ob peb tablespoons ntawm tooj liab sulfate rau hauv nws. Dej yuav tsum tau nplawm kom txog thaum lub xiav yog yaj tag.tshuaj.
Kev rov ua dua ntawm cov kauj ruam no
Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, ntxiv ob peb tablespoons xiav vitriol ntxiv. Cov kua yuav tsum tau do kom huv si dua.
Tsis txhob ntshai yog tias lub sijhawm no tsis yog tag nrho cov muaju ntawm cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm yaj tau, thiab qee qhov lawv tsim cov dej nag hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub. Cov tsos ntawm xws li ib tug tshaj xwb qhia tau hais tias koj tau ua tiav qhov xav tau - piv txwv li, koj tau txais ib tug supersaturated tov. Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, ces nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv ob peb tablespoons ntawm vitriol rau dej thiab do dua. Cov kauj ruam no yuav tsum tau rov ua dua kom txog thaum cov av seem nyob hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub.
Lub sij hawm nuv ntses no qee zaum hu ua cov pob zeb me me ntawm tooj liab sulphate, uas yog lub hauv paus rau cov pob zeb loj hlob ntxiv los ntawm cov khoom no.
Yuav ua kom lawv, koj yuav tsum tau siv peb qhov me me. Thaum xaiv cov crystals, ib tug yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov zoo ntawm lawv cov duab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom xaiv tau zoo dua, qhov tseeb thiab zoo dua cov ntshav tau los ntawm koj qhov kev paub yuav yog.
Peb cov khoom tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub nkoj pob tshab thiab ntim nrog cov tshuaj supersaturated ntawm vitriol.
Tom qab ntawd, lub thawv ntim nrog ib daim ntawv thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tshaj plaws. Raws li txoj cai, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom muab nws tso rau ntawm windowsill.
Qhov chaw hauv chav tsev no suav tias yog qhov chaw nyob deb tshaj plaws, thiab yog li tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav ntawm kev sim. Tom qab txhua yamCov kev tsim nyog tau ua, tag nrho cov kauj ruam ntxiv kom loj hlob ib lub siv lead ua los ntawm tooj liab sulfate hauv tsev tuaj yeem raug ncua rau 2 hnub. Lub sijhawm no, cov khoom uas muab tso rau hauv cov kua yuav tsum loj hlob ntau zaus thiab ncav cuag qhov loj ntawm lub taub hau sib tw.
xaiv tus neeg sib tw zoo tshaj
Los ntawm cov ingots no nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv ib qho uas muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog hu ua "bait". Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib tug supersaturated tov ntawm tooj liab sulfate. Yuav ua li cas tau piav qhia hauv tshooj dhau los. Nws yuav tsum tau lim los ntawm cheesecloth thiab ncuav rov qab rau hauv lub thawv pob tshab. Cov siv lead ua tau xaiv ua "bait" yuav tsum tau khi rau ib txoj xov, lwm qhov kawg uas yuav tsum tau kho ntawm qhov sib tw.
Muab ib daim ntawv thiab ua ib lub qhov nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov loj me uas cov pob zeb tsim ntawm xiav vitriol tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm nws. Tshaj ib txoj xov los ntawm lub qhov no kom cov siv lead ua nyob rau ntawm ib sab ntawm daim ntawv, thiab qhov sib tw yog nyob rau lwm qhov. Tom qab ntawd, npog lub thawv nrog daim ntawv no. Hauv qhov no, qhov sib tw, tau kawg, yuav tsum pw saum toj, thiab cov siv lead ua yuav tsum ntab hauv cov kua.
siab ntev thiab ua siab ntev
Qhov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas ua ib lub siv lead ua los ntawm tooj liab sulfate yuav luag daws tau. Tam sim no koj tsuas yog yuav tsum muab lub nkoj rov qab rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntsiag to thiab tos.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov siv lead ua, yog tias ua tau, nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hub thiab tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov phab ntsa. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev txav ntawm daim ntawv thiab kho qhov ntev ntawm cov xov nrogphim raws li cov siv lead ua loj hlob.
Txoj kev sib txawv
Peb coj los rau koj mloog ob peb chav kawm master ntxiv. Copper sulphate crystals tuaj yeem cog rau hauv txoj kev sib txawv me ntsis.
Txoj kev thib ob yog tso lub nkoj nrog "bait" rau hauv lub thawv cua sov lossis qhwv lub thawv rau hauv daim pam lossis lwm yam sov so. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, qeeb qeeb ntawm cov tshuaj supersaturated tuaj yeem ua tiav. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj li qhov tau piav qhia ua ntej, tab sis vim nws daim ntawv thov, pebbles ntawm cov duab tsis tu ncua tau txais. Txoj hauv kev tom ntej kom loj hlob siv lead ua los ntawm tooj liab sulfate yog qhov yooj yim tshaj.
Tsis xav ua "bait". Ib tug xov yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog ib tug supersaturated tov. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv ib qho uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv fleecy tshaj plaws. Nws qhov kawg yog khi rau lub ntsej muag cwj mem, uas tau muab tso rau saum lub kaus mom ntawm nws cov phab ntsa. Crystal yuav tsim ntawm cov xov nws tus kheej.
Nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kev loj hlob tuaj yeem nyob ntawm ib lub lis piam mus rau ob peb lub hlis.
