Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws kawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab, tus thawj coj tseem ceeb, tus txiv neej uas tau ua keeb kwm hauv lub sijhawm nyuaj hauv tebchaws Russia, Tub Vaj Ntxwv A. M. Gorchakov yug 220 xyoo dhau los, xyoo 1798. Alexander Mikhailovich yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm ib tsev neeg ancient ntawm Lavxias teb sab aristocrats, yos rov qab mus rau lub reign ntawm Yaroslav lub Wise.
Koj, Gorchakov, muaj hmoo txij thawj hnub …
Nws yog lyceum cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm thawj lub npe nrov ntawm Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, uas kawm tiav nrog ib qho khoom plig kub. A. S. Pushkin muab paj huam "Lub Kaum Hli 19" rau nws cov phooj ywg.
Qhov tseeb. Tus kws sau paj lug muaj nuj nqis heev rau Gorchakov lub tswv yim txog nws txoj haujlwm. Yog li, piv txwv li, tom qab nyeem nws cov paj huam "Tus Vaj" rau nws ntawm Lyceum thiab hnov qhov tsis pom zoo, nws tau muab cov ntawv sau rau yav tom ntej Chancellor ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws rau kev puas tsuaj. Tus tub huabtais khaws Pushkin txoj haujlwm hauv nws cov ntaub ntawv.
Gorchakov yog thawj tus kawm tiav ntawm Lyceum nkag mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv pej xeem, vim nws tau tso tseg nws niam txiv qub txeeg qub teg rau nws cov viv ncaus. nws txoj hauj lwmya mus sai heev. Raws li tus pab cuam rau Txawv Teb Chaws Minister Karl Nesselrode, nws tau mus rau ntau lub nroog nyob sab Europe thiab koom nrog lub rooj sib tham ntawm Holy Alliance.
"Nerd" or " yawg yawg"
Tus tub huabtais nyiam kev pabcuam kev nom kev tswv. Saib ntawm lub ntsej muag muag ntawm nws lub ntsej muag, ib nrab luag nyav, lub qhov ntswg duck, qhov muag muag, cov neeg tawm tsam tau ua yuam kev ntawm kev xav tias lawv tau pom "nerd", "zoo yawg" lossis "tus xib fwb hauv rooj zaum" nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv. Contemporaries hais tias Gorchakov, nrog rau tag nrho nws cov gloss thiab maj mam wit, muaj tuav ntawm ib tug nyuj terrier, tab sis tswj tsis txhob tawm tom.
Tsis txhawb txoj kab uas tau xaiv los ntawm Nesselrod hauv kev coj ua ntawm lub tebchaws txoj cai txawv tebchaws, nws tau tawm haujlwm thiab kawm nrog kev iab siab ntawm nws kev kos npe. Peb xyoos Gorchakov tsis ua haujlwm. Nws siv sijhawm ib ntus kom raug, yuav Maria Alexandrovna Urusova.
Fate muab Alexander Mikhailovich thib ob lub sijhawm. Xyoo 1841, nws tau txais kev teem caij tshiab rau Stuttgart, ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd yav tom ntej Chancellor ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws - Envoy Extraordinary rau lub German Union.
Kev sim siab
Xyoo 1853, tus tub huabtais dhau los ua poj ntsuam. Raws li kev sib yuav zoo siab kaum tsib xyoos, ob tug tub tau yug los, thiab cov me nyuam ntawm Maria Alexandrovna los ntawm nws thawj kev sib yuav kuj loj hlob. Ib xyoos tom qab, tus huab tais los ua Ambassador rau Vienna.
1856 coj kev sim siab nyuaj, Russia poob rau Crimean Tsov Rog. yuam kom kos npe rau ib daim ntawv cog lus tsis txaus ntseeg, nws, nrog rau Qaib Cov Txwv, raug tshem tawm ntawm Dub Hiav Txwv Fleet. Cov Turks tau xa lawv cov nkoj mus rauDej hiav txwv Mediterranean, thiab Russia yuav tsum rhuav tshem cov seem ntawm lub nkoj thiab cov fortresses ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, Alexander II tau tsa Gorchakov los ua tus Lwm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.
Nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog npaj rau tsar, Gorchakov tau thov kom muaj kev mloog zoo rau lub teb chaws cov teeb meem sab hauv, tawm hauv kev ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws ib ntus. Cov kis las hu qhov no "sijhawm sijhawm," thiab hauv Gorchakov cov lus sawv cev nws suab zoo li no: "Lawv hais tias Russia npau taws. Tsis yog, nws tab tom tsom mus."
Xyoo 1867 nws tau raug xaiv tsa Chancellor ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Gorchakov ua hauj lwm tsis nkees nyob rau hauv lub diplomatic teb kom tshem tawm cov txim ntawm lub Crimean tsov rog. Nrhiav thiab poob cov phooj ywg, cuam tshuam kev sib txuas ntawm Fabkis, Prussia thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, maneuvers ntawm lawv. Thaum kawg, xyoo 1870, nws hais rau Tsar tias lub sijhawm tau los rau Russia los tsa qhov teeb meem ntawm nws "tsuas yog thov." Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1871, London Convention tau luam tawm, raws li tag nrho cov lus ntawm kev txwv tsis pub Russia nyob hauv Hiav Txwv Dub raug muab tso tseg.
Nws yog lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws, uas nws taug kev nyuaj thiab tsis ncaj ncees. Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nws tus kheej tau zoo siab rau qhov kev tshwm sim, raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm nws txoj haujlwm diplomatic.
Nyiaj laus
Tus qauv ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm kawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog qhov no: tsis muaj kev ua phem lossis kev kub ntxhov, nws tsis tso tseg thiab tsis muab qhov ua tiav rau nws cov neeg tawm tsam. Lub siab sophisticated, kev kawm zoo heev, secular tact ua rau Alexander Mikhailovich maneuver.nruab nrab ntawm lub zog loj, tiv thaiv kev txaus siab ntawm Russia.
Nws txoj kev yeej kawg tau tshwm sim xyoo 1875, thaum ib tus neeg sawv cev hnub nyoog nruab nrab tiv thaiv Bismarck los tawm tsam Fabkis dua. A. M. Gorchakov txoj haujlwm tsis sib xws yog: "Txhawb cov neeg tsis muaj zog tawm tsam cov muaj zog, yog li ua kom tsis muaj zog."
Xyoo 1882, tus neeg mob thiab tsis muaj tub huabtais hluas ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm ua Minister of Foreign Affairs. Tab sis nrog txoj kev tshav ntuj tshaj plaws, lub npe ntawm Chancellor ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tseem nrog nws mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm nws lub hnub.
Qhov tseeb. Gorchakov Alexander Mikhailovich yog tus thawj tswj hwm zaum kawg thiab tus tub ntxhais kawm lyceum kawg ntawm thawj zaug uas tau ncaim ntiaj teb no.
Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov tuag hauv 1883, raug faus rau hauv Strelna, ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv lub toj ntxas.
