Embryonic induction yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub embryo, uas ib feem cuam tshuam txoj hmoo ntawm lwm tus. Lub tswv yim no hais txog kev sim embryology.
Cov kab lus no tau mob siab rau ib qho ntawm cov lus nug tseem ceeb thiab nyuaj ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no: "Lub embryonic induction txhais li cas?"
keeb kwm me ntsis
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm embryonic induction tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1901 los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb German xws li Hans Spemann thiab Hilda Mangold. Thawj zaug, cov txheej txheem no tau kawm siv cov piv txwv ntawm lub lens hauv amphibians hauv lub xeev embryonic. Keeb kwm tau khaws cia ntau yam piv txwv thiab kev sim ntawm cov ncauj lus no, uas yog raws li Spemann txoj kev xav.
Nyob zoo
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, embryonic induction yog txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub embryo. Yog li, raws li kev xav, muaj ntau lub hlwb uas ua rau lwm lub hlwb ua cov koom haum uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev loj hlob. Txhawm rau kom meej meej qhia txog cov txheej txheem no, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv 20sntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los ua ib tug series ntawm kev sim, uas peb yuav tham nyob rau hauv kom meej ntxiv tom qab.
Hans Spemann sim
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov kev sim, Dr. Spemann tau qhia txog tus qauv uas kev loj hlob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho kev cia siab ntawm qee lub cev ntawm lwm tus. Qhov kev sim tau ua tiav ntawm tritons. Spemann hloov ib feem ntawm blastopore di ncauj los ntawm sab nraum qab ntawm ib tug embryo mus rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav ntawm lwm tus. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntawm qhov chaw uas lub cev tau hloov pauv, tsim ib lub embryo tshiab pib. Feem ntau, lub raj neural yeej tsis tsim nyob rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav.
Raws li kev paub dhau los, tus kws kho mob tau xaus lus tias muaj cov koom haum uas cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov koom haum tuaj yeem pib tsuas yog tias cov tawb muaj peev xwm. Nws txhais li cas? Kev txawj ntse yog to taub raws li lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv germinal los hloov nws txoj hmoo presumptive nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam influences. Thaum kawm inductive kev sib cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv ntau hom chordates, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj txog qhov xaus tias muaj ntau tus neeg cov yam ntxwv hauv thaj chaw thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Ntawd yog, cov koom haum ua haujlwm yog tias lub xov tooj ntawm tes tuaj yeem lees txais lub inductor, tab sis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kab mob no los yog cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.
Cia peb xaus: kev loj hlob ntawm ib lub cev yog cov txheej txheem saw, tsis muaj ib lub xov tooj nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim tau lwm qhov. Embryonic induction maj mam txiav txim siab tsim thiab sib txawv ntawm lub cev. Tsis tas li, cov txheej txheem no yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ntawm sab nraud ntawm tus neeg tsim.
Hilda Mangold Research
Hans Spemann muajkawm tiav - Hilda Mangold. Nrog amazing dexterity, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug series ntawm complex thwmsim nrog microscopic newt embryos (1.5 hli inch). Sib cais ib qho me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm ib lub embryo, nws hloov nws mus rau ib lub embryo ntawm lwm hom. Ntxiv mus, rau kev hloov pauv, nws tau xaiv thaj chaw ntawm lub embryo qhov chaw tsim cov hlwb, los ntawm cov kab mob txheej tom qab tsim. Lub embryo nrog ib daim ntawm lwm embryo hloov mus rau nws ntse txuas ntxiv txhim kho. Thiab daim ntaub grafted tau nce mus rau ib lub cev tshiab, endowed nrog lub nraub qaum, qaum, plab thiab taub hau.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sim? Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm lawv, Mangold ua pov thawj tias muaj ib tug embryonic induction. Qhov no ua tau vim tias lub xaib me me muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb no, nws tau raug hu ua tus neeg ua haujlwm.
Type of induction
Muaj ob hom: heteronomous induction thiab homonomous induction. Nws yog dab tsi thiab qhov txawv yog dab tsi? Thawj hom yog cov txheej txheem uas hloov pauv ntawm tes raug yuam kom rov tsim kho nws tus kheej mus rau ib qho kev sib dhos, uas yog, nws ua rau qee yam ntawm lub cev tshiab. Qhov thib ob provokes kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb nyob ib puag ncig. Txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv los txhim kho tib yam.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm tes yooj yim
Kom paub meej ntxiv, saib cov lus hauv qab no. Peb xav kom siv nws tus piv txwv los kawm txog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev ntawm embryonic induction.
| Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tes | Kev kawm ntawm ib txwmstructures | Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua txhaum cai |
| movement | tsim ntawm neural tube thaum lub sijhawm txav ntawm cov kab mob thawj zaug | cuam tshuam hauv kev tsim cov hlab ntsha neural, ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv |
| xaiv kev yug me nyuam | rudiments ntawm lub cev | tsis muaj lub cev |
| xaiv tuag | sib cais ntawm cov ntiv tes, kev tuag ntawm cov hlwb epithelial thaum lub sij hawm fusion ntawm palatine buds, nasal processes, etc. | cleft Palate, lub ntsej muag muag, ntsej muag, spac hilsian |
| adhesion | tsim ntawm neural raj los ntawm neural phaj, thiab lwm yam. | cuam tshuam hauv kev tsim cov hlab ntsha neural, ua txhaum ntawm cov qauv |
| thickening | tsim ntawm limbs | ploj lossis muaj ceg tawv ntxiv |
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim no tau pom nyob rau ntau theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev. Embryonic induction tam sim no tab tom kawm nquag.
