Hom khoom zoo tswj thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom

Cov txheej txheem:

Hom khoom zoo tswj thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom
Hom khoom zoo tswj thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom
Anonim

Kev tswj hwm zoo, nrog rau kev sim, nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov khoom lag luam lub neej voj voog, tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm theem tsim khoom (hu ua kev tswj hwm ntau lawm), nrog rau theem ua haujlwm (hauv lwm lo lus, kev tswj kev ua haujlwm). Hauv peb tsab xov xwm, peb yuav xav txog lub tswv yim thiab hom kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo, nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas lwm yam thematic.

Qeb tswvyim

hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj cov khoom zoo
hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj cov khoom zoo

Kev tswj kom zoo yuav tsum nkag siab tias kev kuaj xyuas qhov ua tau raws li qhov zoo lossis ntau tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem uas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm, lossis cov khoom nws tus kheej, rau qee yam kev cai. Tam sim no cov khoom lag luam tswj tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib sau ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias lawv yog tsom rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov kev ntseeg siab thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom,noj lossis ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.

Lub ntsiab ntawm kev tswj kom zoo

cov ntaub ntawv.

Control suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom ncaj qha thaum pib ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab thaum tu. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm deviations los ntawm cov kev cai uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua tau zoo, nws txhais tau hais tias qhov kev siv ntawm kev kho cov kev ntsuas uas yog aimed ntawm tsim ib tug zoo cov khoom, nrog rau tag nrho cov txij nkawm thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm lub sij hawm thiab txaus siab rau cov neeg siv khoom. xav tau.

No control

hom kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo
hom kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo

Kev tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam suav nrog qee qhov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov tsim, kev tsim kho lossis ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, vim tias qhov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qib zoo uas tau ua tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim khoom. txawm tias ua ntej tso tawm cov khoom tsis raug lossis cov khoom tsis ua raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev tswj tsis txaus nyob rau theem ntawm cov khoom lag luam serial, raws li txoj cai, ua rau muaj teeb meem nyiaj txiag. Nws suav nrog cov nqi uas tsis tau npaj tseg.

Dab tsisuav nrog kev tswj kom zoo?

hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj cov khoom zoo
hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj cov khoom zoo

Ua ntej txiav txim siab kev faib tawm ntawm hom kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo, nws raug nquahu kom nkag siab tias pawg no suav nrog dab tsi. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom suav nrog cov hauv qab no ntawm no:

  • Kev tswj hwm tus yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv, cov khoom ua tiav, nrog rau cov cuab yeej uas nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov qauv tsim.
  • Kev tswj hwm kev tsim khoom, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, dhau ntawm kev ua raws li qee yam kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis. Tsis tas li ntawd, kab lus no yuav hais txog kev lees paub ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
  • Systematic tswj, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ntawm txhua yam ntawm cov tshuab, khoom siv, txiav thiab ntsuas cov cuab yeej, ntau yam kev ntsuas, cov qauv ntawm kev tswj qhov hnyav thiab cov khoom siv ntsuas, cov nyiaj muas noj hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej tshiab, cov khoom siv thiab kev thauj mus los tom ntej. cov khoom. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias cov no tsis yog tag nrho cov tshev uas twb muaj lawm.
  • Control of prototypes and model.
  • Kev tswj cov khoom tiav (cov khoom me me rau kev sib dhos, cov khoom sib dhos, cov khoom, cov khoom sib dhos, cov khoom, cov blocks).

Niaj hnub txhais ntawm kev tswj kom zoo

kev faib tawm ntawm hom kev tswj cov khoom zoo
kev faib tawm ntawm hom kev tswj cov khoom zoo

Hnub no paub cov khoom lag luam zoo tswj hwm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom lag luam lub neej, los ntawm cov tswv yim kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, kev tswj xyuas ntau lawmkev npaj thiab kev tsim cov khoom lag luam, nrog rau kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom thiab xaus nrog kev tswj xyuas cuam tshuam nrog kev khaws cov khoom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum raug ntaus nqi los ntawm kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub meej tias kev ua haujlwm ntev, txiav txim siab kev ntseeg siab, kawm qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tsis tiav.

Raws li tag nrho ntawm hom kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo, raws li peb pom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nkag siab txog kev tswj hwm cov yam ntxwv zoo thiab ntau yam. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub txhais ntawm ib qeb, muaj ib qho ntxiv uas cov yam ntxwv no yog sawv cev los ntawm cov cwj pwm thiab kev hloov pauv. Kev ntsuas ntawm qhov tom kawg yog nyob ntawm cov lej ntsuas ntawm qhov txuas txuas ntxiv. Qhov no, piv txwv li, ntev lossis hnyav. Kev ntsuas tus cwj pwm yog muab los ntawm yam tsis muaj kev ntsuas hauv kev nthuav dav (piv txwv li, xav txog kev siv cov cuab yeej los ntsuas raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsis dhau raws li kev qhia tshwj xeeb), lossis hauv txoj kev kawm (ib yam dab tsi yuav lossis tsis muaj qee yam cwj pwm, rau piv txwv saum npoo tiav zoo lossis phem). Nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo, yog tias cov yam ntxwv tau sawv cev los ntawm cov cwj pwm, hu ua kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm lwm tus cwj pwm.

Random keeb kwm ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau, raws li txoj cai, xyaum tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Nws yog tsim nyog paub hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los twv lawv. Qhov no yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov tsis xws ntawm cov khoom siv, cov xwm txheej ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev cia khoom, kev sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob hauv lub network ncaj qha los ntawm lub npe, thiab lwm yam.tom ntej no.

GOST classification

hom kev tswj cov khoom zoo ntawm lub tuam txhab
hom kev tswj cov khoom zoo ntawm lub tuam txhab

Hnub no, hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo tau muab cais raws li tus lej ntawm cov yam ntxwv. Txhua qhov kev faib tawm tau txiav txim siab hauv tsab xov xwm ua raws li GOST 16504-81. Yog li, yog tias peb siv cov theem ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev muaj nyob ntawm cov khoom raws li qhov tseem ceeb, ces cov kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo yog cov hauv qab no:

  • tswj kev tsim khoom, uas yog ua tiav ntawm theem tsim khoom;
  • kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm, uas yog siv rau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam.

Kev nkag siab

hom kev tswj input ua hauj lwm txais kev zoo ntawm cov khoom
hom kev tswj input ua hauj lwm txais kev zoo ntawm cov khoom

Raws li kev ua tiav ntawm kev them nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam los ntawm kev tswj hwm, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv qab no:

  • Khoom, uas txhua chav ntawm cov khoom lag luam tau raug tswj.
  • Sampling, uas tsawg tsawg ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom raug tswj los ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem.
  • Flying, uas yog nqa tawm tam sim ntawd, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob rau lub sij hawm tsis tau npaj ua ntej.
  • txheej txheem txuas ntxiv. Hom kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo no yog ua los ntawm cov khoom ua kua thiab effervescent. Nws ua kom ntseeg tau cov ntaub ntawv txuas mus ntxiv txog cov yam ntxwv tswj.
  • Lub Sijhawm Sijhawm, uas yog, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov yam ntxwv tswj tau ua tiav los ntawmteem sij hawm parameters.

tag nrho thiab xaiv tswj

Cais, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txiav txim siab txog cov pawg xws li kev tswj xyuas tas li thiab xaiv. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom pom qhov txawv. Yog li, txuas ntxiv (nruam) yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog qhov kawg version ntawm ib puas feem pua (txiav) tswj. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov txheej txheem yog siv nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua chav tsev ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Ua raws li hom kev tswj hwm ntawm cov khoom zoo no yog txuam nrog cov nqi tseem ceeb. Tias yog vim li cas, raws li txoj cai, nws ua pov thawj ntawm qhov kev xav dav dav hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib txawv uas tau tswj hwm.

Raws li cov txheej txheem ntsuas raws li GOST 15895-77, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntu zus rau kev soj ntsuam lub hom phiaj lossis ib ntus ua qee qhov kev ntsuas ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Nws tsim nyog paub tias tus qauv loj lossis tus lej ntsuas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev suav lej.

txheej txheem txheej txheem

Raws li cov theem ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no: kev tawm tswv yim, kev ua haujlwm, kev lees paub, tso tawm thiab tshuaj xyuas. Xav txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv:

  • Kev tswj cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom, hauv lwm yam lus, kev tswj cov khoom lag luam uas tuaj txog ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lossis cov neeg siv khoom thiab yog npaj rau kev siv rau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tsim khoom lossis kho cov khoom lag luam.
  • Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom los ntsuas cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis nrog kev hloov kho tom ntej, yog tias tsim nyog.
  • Kev lees txais (tsis tas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tiav) yog siv los txiav txim siab txog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom.
  • Kev tswj cov khoom tiav. Nws feem ntau hu ua txoj kab tiav.
  • Kev tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog txheej txheem uas hais txog cov khoom tau tshuaj xyuas lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug yav tas los nrhiav pom kev sib yuav yog deleted. Hom kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus lossis lwm yam kev lag luam yog ua tiav yog tias tsim nyog los xyuas qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab kev tswj xyuas. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qee qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kev tswj hwm yog ua los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom cov neeg sawv cev txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tswj cov qauv.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tswj hwm

hom kev tswj ntawm cov khoom zoo yog
hom kev tswj ntawm cov khoom zoo yog

Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom, cov hauv qab no hom (txoj kev) ntawm kev tswj xyuas cov khoom zoo yog qhov txawv:

  • Txoj kev tswj kev puas tsuaj, thaum lub sijhawm khoom tsim nyog rau kev siv yuav raug ua txhaum.
  • Kev sim tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, raws li qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom siv tau khaws cia.

Siv kev tswj hwm

Thaum kawg, qhov thib tsib qhov kev xaiv rau kev faib tawm ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo raws li GOST yog kev sivtxhais tau tias tswj. Raws li nws, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj hauv qab no:

  • ntsuas kev tswj, uas yog ua los ntawm kev ntsuas ntsuas;
  • txheej txheem sau npe, uas yog siv los ntawm kev sau npe cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev txwv kom tswj tau, cov txheej txheem lossis cov khoom lag luam;
  • tswj organoleptic, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb yog pom los ntawm kev nkag siab;
  • nyob rau hauv kev tswj qhov muag yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem organoleptic uas yog ua los ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag;
  • kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum suav tias yog kev tswj hwm, uas yog siv, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm kev nkag siab, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, tshwj xeeb txhais tau tias (lawv lub npe yog txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam).

Yog li, peb tau txiav txim siab tag nrho cov ntau yam, hauv lwm lo lus, kev tswj xyuas zoo hauv kev tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau kov cov hom uas nyob rau hauv kev xyaum mus dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm (peb tab tom tham txog kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm, ib qho yuav tsum tau ua niaj hnub no). Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov kev faib tawm tsim raws li GOST yog qhov dav heev. Nws muaj tsib yam txheej txheem rau kev tsim kom tiav thiab nkag siab cov qauv ntawm pawg kawm.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj cov khoom zoo yog qhov siab heev. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm kev xav tau ntawm cov zej zog, kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, kev txhawb zogkev sib tw hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb, nrog rau ntau yam.

Pom zoo: