Qee lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm geological ntawm lub ntiaj teb, Paleogene, Devonian, Cambrian, piv txwv li, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv av. Yog li, 570 lab - 480 lab xyoo dhau los, ntau cov pob txha tshwm sim tam sim ntawd. 400 lab - 320 lab xyoo dhau los, lub roob lub tsev txav mus txog qhov kawg. Hauv av, cov noob nroj tsuag pib kis, thiab amphibians tshwm sim. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov no yog lub sijhawm nquag tshaj plaws ntawm geological keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lub Paleogene p-d yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem crust. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, nws nyob ze rau niaj hnub.
Txoj kev xwm txheej ntuj
Feem ntau, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub crust, lub ntiaj teb khaws cia qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov suab puam, kev sib kis ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles, thiab evolution ntawm kab (Paleogene, Permian). Lub sij hawm Triassic cim cov tsos ntawm cov tsiaj thaum ntxov, thawj dinosaurs. Hauv av, conifers dominated los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Thaum lub sij hawm Paleogenehuab cua tsis zoo. Hauv qhov nruab nrab, qhov kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 28 degrees, thiab nyob rau thaj tsam ze ntawm Hiav Txwv North - 22-26.
Zonality
Muaj tsib txoj siv sia thoob plaws hauv Paleogene:
- 2 subtropical.
- Equatorial.
- 2 tropical.
Kub kub ua rau muaj huab cua ua haujlwm. Relics ntawm lateritic thiab kaolinite crusts thiab cov khoom ntawm lawv redeposition yog paub nyob rau hauv Brazilian Shield, California, India, Africa, thiab cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub Indo-Malay archipelago. Nyob rau hauv equatorial ib feem, moist evergreen forests pib tsim. Lawv muaj qee qhov sib xws nrog cov arrays uas muaj nyob niaj hnub no hauv Equatorial Africa thiab Amazon. Cov tropics ntub dej tau raug rau thaj tsam ntawm Western Europe, Tebchaws Asmeskas, sab qab teb thiab nruab nrab thaj tsam hauv Eastern Europe, sab hnub poob ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Asia. Evergreen noo-hlub hav zoov tau muab faib rau thaj tsam yav qab teb. Ferriallite thiab yav tom ntej huab cua tau tshwm sim ntawm no. Sab qab teb tropics npog thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm Australia, qee thaj chaw ntawm Sab Qab Teb. America thiab sab qab teb Africa.
Subtropics
Lawv tau faib rau sab qaum teb Tebchaws Meskas thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj European Platform, sab qab teb Canada, Nyiv thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj. Ua ke nrog cov nroj tsuag evergreen, broad-leaved plantations tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Nyob rau yav qab teb Hemisphere, cov subtropics tau faib nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Chile thiab Argentina, hauv New Zealand thiab Sab Qab Teb. Australia. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov dej saum npoo av hauv hiav txwv epicontinental ntawm txoj siv tsis ntau tshaj 18 degrees. Tej zaum,Cov xwm txheej nyob ze rau nruab nrab yeej nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm sab qaum teb ntawm North American sab av loj, hauv Kamchatka thiab sab hnub tuaj Siberia. Thaum lub sij hawm Eocene, qhov loj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txoj siv sia yuav nthuav dav, cov xwm txheej ntawm cov subtropics yuav hloov mus deb mus rau thaj tsam polar.
yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm Paleogene
Nws pib 65 lab xyoo dhau los thiab xaus 23.5 lab xyoo dhau los. Raws li kev faib tawm ywj pheej, lub sijhawm Paleogene tau raug xaiv los ntawm Naumann hauv 1866. Txog rau lub sijhawm ntawd, nws tau suav nrog hauv tertiary system. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub crust, nrog rau lub ancient platforms, kuj muaj cov hluas. Cov tom kawg kis thoob plaws thaj chaw loj hauv geosynclinal folded siv. Lawv cheeb tsam, piv nrog rau thaum pib ntawm Mesozoic, tau txo qis hauv thaj av Pacific. Ntawm no, thaum pib ntawm Cenozoic era, loj folded mountainous cheeb tsam tshwm sim. North America thiab Eurasia nyob rau sab qaum teb hemisphere. Ob lub platform arrays no muaj cov txheej txheem qub thiab cov hluas. Lawv tau sib cais los ntawm kev nyuaj siab ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic, tab sis nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Bering Hiav Txwv uas muaj hnub no, lawv tau txuas nrog. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub mainland Gondwana tsis muaj lawm. Antarctica thiab Australia yog cov teb chaws sib cais. South America thiab Africa tseem txuas nrog mus txog rau nruab nrab ntawm Eocene.
Flora
Lub sijhawm Paleogene ntawm Cenozoic era tau txawv los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm angiosperms thiab conifers (gymnosperms). Cov tom kawg tau muab faibtshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv siab latitudes. Nyob rau hauv equatorial ib feem, hav zoov dominated, nyob rau hauv uas ficuses, xibtes thiab ntau yam sawv cev ntawm sandalwood loj hlob mas. Nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub continents, hav zoov thiab savannahs predominated. Qhov nruab nrab latitudes yog qhov chaw faib ntawm noo noo-hlub tropical plantations thiab nroj tsuag ntawm temperate latitudes. Muaj ntoo ferns, sandalwood, breadfruit thiab txiv tsawb ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm siab latitudes, hom muaj pes tsawg leeg hloov dramatically. Araucaria, thuja, cypress, ntoo qhib, laurel, txiv ntseej, sequoia, myrtle loj hlob tuaj ntawm no nyob rau lub sijhawm Paleogene. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm subtropical flora. Cov nroj tsuag nyob rau lub sijhawm Paleogene yog dhau ntawm Arctic Circle. Hauv Asmeskas, Northern Europe thiab Arctic, coniferous-broad-leaved deciduous forests predominated. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nroj tsuag subtropical tau hais los saum toj no kuj loj hlob hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob tsis cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb los ntawm hmo ntuj polar.
Sushi fauna
Tsiaj nyob rau lub sijhawm Paleogene tau txawv txav ntawm cov uas tau ua dhau los. Hloov chaw ntawm dinosaurs, me me tsiaj yug tsiaj tshwm sim. Lawv inhabited tsuas yog thaj tsam hav zoov thiab swamps. Tus naj npawb ntawm amphibians thiab cov tsiaj reptiles tau txo qis. Proboscis tsiaj, zoo li npua thiab tapir-zoo li, indicothere (reminiscent ntawm rhinoceroses) pib kis. Lawv feem ntau tau yoog kom siv lawv lub sijhawm feem ntau hauv dej. Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm Paleogene, lub ntiaj teb kuj tau pib nyob hauv cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm nees, nas ntawm ntau hom. Ib me ntsis tom qab, creodonts (predators) tshwm sim. Sab saum tojntoo pib tuav cov noog uas tsis muaj hniav. Cov savannas tau nyob hauv predatory diatryms. Lawv yog cov noog uas tsis ya. Kab tau nthuav tawm hauv ntau hom ntawv. Thaum pib ntawm Paleogene, lemurs pib tshwm - cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm primates - semi-monkeys. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov marsupials loj tau pib nyob hauv thaj av. Ob leeg herbivorous thiab predatory sawv cev yog paub ntawm lawv.
Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Tub Rog
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm Paleogene, bivalves thiab cephalopods vam meej. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los hom, lawv nyob tsis tau tsuas yog dej qab ntsev, tab sis kuj brackish thiab dej tshiab. Ib txhia ntawm gastropods nyob rau hauv lowlands. Ntawm lwm cov invertebrates, tsis xwm yeem hiav txwv urchins, sponges, bryozoans, corals, thiab arthropods tau dhau los ua tshwj xeeb. Decapod crustaceans tau sawv cev hauv cov lej me. Cov no suav nrog, tshwj xeeb, cw thiab crayfish. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm brachoipods thiab bryozoans tau txo qis hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lub sijhawm dhau los. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no, nws tau pom tias cov neeg sawv cev ntawm nanoplankton, microscopic coccolithophrids, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub heyday ntawm cov algae golden ntog ntawm Eocene. Nrog rau lawv, siliceous thiab diatom flagellates muaj pob zeb tsim qhov tseem ceeb. Cov hiav txwv kuj tau nyob los ntawm vertebrates. Ntawm lawv, bony ntses yog qhov dav tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv hiav txwv muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cartilaginous - stingrays thiab sharks. UaCov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm whales, sirens, dolphins tshwm.
East European Platform
Thaum lub sijhawm Paleogene, nrog rau lub sijhawm Neogene, kev tsim muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sab av loj. Qhov kev zam yog lawv qhov marginal. Lawv tau ntsib me ntsis nyo hau thiab pib npog los ntawm cov dej hiav txwv ntiav. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm East European Platform nyob rau hauv Cenozoic yog txuam nrog kev hloov nyob rau hauv Mediterranean siv. Ua ntej, feem ntau txo qis, thiab tom qab ntawd - loj uplifts. Hauv Paleogene, sab qab teb ntawm lub platform sagged, uas txuas nrog Mediterranean siv. Carbonate-argillaceous thiab xuab zeb sediments pib sau nyob rau hauv ntiav seas. Thaum kawg ntawm Paleogene, lub phiab tau pib txo qis sai, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm tom ntej - Neogene - kev tswj hwm thaj av tau tsim.
Siberian platform
Nws nyob hauv qee yam txawv dua li cov European sab hnub tuaj. Thaum lub sij hawm Cenozoic era, Siberian Platform yog sawv cev raws li ib tug ncaj high-dej cheeb tsam ntawm erosion. Lub roob system ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj pib tsim. Qhov siab ntawm cov chains tau nce mus rau qhov nce siab, uas yog hu ua Baikal arch. Thaum kawg ntawm lub sijhawm, ib lub roob siab tshwm sim, qee qhov siab tshaj plaws uas ncav cuag 3 txhiab meters. Lawv ncav cuag ntau tshaj 1.7 txhiab km ntawm ciam teb ntawm Mongolian mus rau nruab nrab ntawm tus dej. Olekma. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub pas dej. Baikal - qhov siab tshaj plaws - 1620 m.
