Cov mis ntawm methylamine hauv chemistry yog suav tias yuav luag qub. Txawm li cas los xij, rau tib neeg ntiaj teb, lub npe ntawm qhov sib xyaw no ib leeg yog qhov txaus ntshai, tsis hais txog qhov tseeb tias tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog cov qauv lossis qauv. Ntau tus tsis paub txog qhov tshwj xeeb tsis hnov tsw ntawm qhov sib xyaw no lossis nws qhov kev xav tsis thoob ntawm kev siv ntau yam kev lag luam. Qhov no yog qhov pom tseeb heev, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem paub txhua yam, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Tab sis tsis yog nws zoo siab los nrhiav ib yam dab tsi yav dhau los tsis paub?
methylamine yog dab tsi?
Methylamine yog ib qho organic compound nrog cov mis CH3NH2. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov derivatives ntawm ammonia, belongs rau aliphatic organic tshuaj. Nws raug cais raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, txij li cov roj no sib xyaw yooj yim nrog huab cua, tsim cov khoom tawg. Cov qauv ntawm cov khoom no muaj nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Los ntawm lub npe nws pom tseeb tias cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm cov organic tebchaw xws li amines (namely, thawj amines), thiab nws yog nws cov neeg sawv cev yooj yim tshaj plaws.
Raws li ib txwm muaj, methylamine yog roj (raws li tau hais dhau los), tsis muaj xim, tab sis nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ammonia.
Kev nqus ntawm cov khoom no yog fraught nrog mob hnyav ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag, ua pa sab sauv. tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub raum thiab daim siab ntawm lub cev. Thiab nws inhalation ua rau excitation thiab kev nyuaj siab tom qab ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Muaj peev xwm tuag vim ua pa raug ntes.
Txoj kev rau kev sib txuas ntawm methylamine
Ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev tsim khoom methylamine tso siab rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv methanol nrog ammonia. Cov xwm txheej rau kev sib cuam tshuam tshuaj lom neeg no yog qhov kub thiab txias (370-430 ° C), nrog rau lub siab ntawm 20-30 bar.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nqa tawm hauv theem roj, tab sis ntawm cov catalyst heterogeneous raws li zeolite.
Thaum sib xyaw nrog methylamine, sab tshuaj xws li dimethylamine thiab trimethylamine raug tsim. Yog li, txoj kev npaj no yuav tsum tau ua kom huv ntawm methylamine (piv txwv li, los ntawm kev rov ua kom distillation).
Lwm txoj kev kom tau txais methylamine yog ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm formalin nrog ammonium chloride thaum cua sov. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov kawg ua tau synthesis ntawm no amine!
Kuj tseem paub yog ib txoj hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj methylamine los ntawm kev rov kho acetamide raws li Hoffmann. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib npaug rau qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no.
tshuaj lom neeg ntawm methylamine
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub cov tshuaj lom neeg tshiab? Ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub seb nws lub npe yog dab tsi, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv. Ces tseem ceebkom nkag siab tias nws tuaj yeem tau txais li cas, yog li cov txheej txheem kom tau txais methylamine tau piav qhia thawj zaug. Thiab tam sim no peb yuav tsum kawm txog nws cov khoom siv tshuaj.
Cov organic compound no muaj tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm thawj amines, raws li nws yog tus qauv sawv cev ntawm chav kawm no.
Lub combustion ntawm methylamine sib raug rau qhov sib npaug: 4CH3NH2+9O2=4CO 2+10H2O+2N2
Yog dej lossis ntxhia kua qaub ua cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov tshuaj methylamine, ces methylammonium hydroxide lossis crystalline ntsev yog tsim, raws li.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Yog tias peb piv methylamine nrog aniline lossis ammonia, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias methylamine nthuav tawm cov khoom muaj zog dua. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov nitrogen atom nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm methylamine molecules yog ntau electronegative.
Yog NaOCl ua raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog methylamine, ces chlorination tshwm sim - hloov cov hydrogen atom hauv cov amino pawg los ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine atom. Zoo li lwm yam amines thawj, methylamine tsim ib qho cawv thaum hnov mob nrog nitrous acid (HNO2).
Methylamine siv thiab khaws cia
CH3NH2 muaj ntau yam kev siv. Nws yog siv rau synthesis ntawm dyes, kws tshuaj (xws li neophylline, theophylline, promedol), tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab (sevin, shradan), fungicides,av sterilizers nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nyob deb nroog, thiab kuj siv nyob rau hauv veterinary tshuaj.
Methylamine kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom tawg uas muaj zog (xws li, piv txwv li, tetryl), ntau yam khoom siv duab (methol), cov kuab tshuaj (piv txwv li, DMF, dimethylacetamide), vulcanization accelerators, corrosion inhibitors, tannins, foob pob hluav taws roj (N, N-dimethylhydrazine).
Methylamine kuj tshwm sim ib txwm ua rau me me hauv cov ntses pob txha.
Cov tshuaj no feem ntau yog siv los ua 40% tshuaj hauv dej, methanol, ethanol lossis tetrahydrofuran.
Yuav kom siv methylamine hauv kev tsim khoom lossis hauv kev tsim khoom, koj yuav tsum khaws nws kom zoo.
Qhov chaw cia zoo: nyob rau hauv daim ntawv liquefied hauv ib ntim ntawm 10-250 m 3, nyob rau hauv lub tank cylindrical tso kab rov tav nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tab sis deb ntawm tshav ntuj, nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas nkag tsis tau rau me nyuam thiab tsiaj.
Tau kawg, thaum ua haujlwm nrog methylamine, zoo li lwm yam tshuaj, koj yuav tsum siv cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb, hnab looj tes thiab tsom iav rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau kev tiv thaiv cov mucous thiab cov kab mob ua pa.
