Ib qho ntawm cov qauv ruaj khov ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj cov hlwb yog vacuoles. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv cov pab pawg neeg muaj sia nyob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Lub vacuole yog dab tsi, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv no yuav raug tham kom ntxaws hauv kab lus.
Vacuole yog dab tsi?
Lub vacuole, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem sib txawv heev, ib txwm tsim los ntawm daim nyias nyias vesicles ntawm endoplasmic reticulum thiab Golgi complex. Tag nrho cov vacuoles yog ib leeg-membrane organelles. Lawv tsuas pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov kab mob eukaryotic.
Vacuole: qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm (rooj)
Txawm hais tias muaj keeb kwm, cov qauv no tau txais qee qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm ontogenesis. Qhov twg lub vacuole tuaj yeem nyob, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev nyob ntawm qhov chaw - tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no muaj nyob rau hauv lub rooj.
| View of vacuole | Qhov chaw nta | Functions |
| Reserve | Nyob hauv cov noob qes, nyob feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus sab hauv | Cia dej nrog cov zaub mov yaj hauv nws |
| yam ntxwv rau cov hlwb ntawm unicellular thiab multicellular tsiaj | Kev siv cov txheej txheem digestion, rhuav tshem cov organic tshuaj | |
| Kev cog lus | Tsiaj hlwb | Kev tswj hwm ntawm tes osmotic siab |
Nroj tsuag vacuoles
Lub vacuole, cov qauv thiab cov haujlwm uas peb tab tom xav txog tam sim no, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag hlwb, nws puv yuav luag tag nrho qhov chaw ntawm lub cytoplasm, los ntawm uas nws yog cais los ntawm nws tus kheej daim nyias nyias - lub tonoplast. Hom vacuole no yog kab noj hniav uas muaj cov kua qaub ntawm tes. Nws yog ua kua raws li dej. Minerals, polysaccharides, protein monomers, ib co pigments yog yaj nyob rau hauv nws. Qhov no yog ib hom reservoir uas tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog tau khaws cia. Lawv pab cov hlwb kom muaj sia nyob txhua lub sijhawm tsis zoo. Hauv qee qhov vacuoles, cov khoom lag luam metabolic sib sau ua ke, piv txwv li, alkaloids, tannins, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv ua tsis tau tsuas yog cia, tab sis kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi, scaring deb ntau cov tsiaj nrog ib tug unpleasant astringent saj.
Kev cog lus vacuoles
Nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov tsiaj unicellular muaj ib tug contractile vacuole. Nws cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm txawv me ntsis. Qhov no yog lub vial pulsating uas tswj cov qibintracellular siab thiab concentration ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, amoeba thiab ciliates nyob hauv ib puag ncig dej, qhov concentration ntawm ntsev nyob rau hauv uas feem ntau yog siab dua nyob rau hauv lawv cytoplasm. Raws li cov cai ntawm physics, dej yuav ntws mus rau hauv cov tsiaj cell - los ntawm ib cheeb tsam nrog ib tug siab concentration mus rau ib tug qis dua. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug txheej txheem, kev tuag ntawm cov kab mob yuav inevitably tshwm sim. Contractile vacuoles tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau nrog cov ntsev yaj hauv nws, tswj cov cell turgor ntawm qhov tsis tu ncua, ua "lub cev" ntawm excretion.
Nyob rau hauv vacuoles
Cov vacuoles no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj muaj sia. Hauv cov kab mob unicellular, lawv zoo li vesicles uas cov as-ham nkag mus thiab zom tau. Excretion ntawm cov khoom metabolic tshwm sim nyob qhov twg hauv cell membrane los yog los ntawm lub qhov tshwj xeeb - hmoov. Hauv cov kab mob multicellular, lysosomes yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm vacuoles. Cov no yog ib leeg-membrane organelles uas muaj hydrolytic enzymes. Lysosomes ua cov txheej txheem ntawm pino- thiab phagocytosis, zom tsis tau tsuas yog cov as-ham, tab sis kuj cov cell tuag.
Yog li, lub vacuole, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm uas peb tau tshuaj xyuas, nyob hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Nyob ntawm nws qhov chaw, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm khaws cia, digestive thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm.
