Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nrhiav kev nkag mus rau lub hiav txwv B altic thiab vim li no, ntau dua ib zaug mus ua rog nrog cov xeev nyob sib ze. Lub xyoo pua 18th tsis muaj qhov zam.
Northern War
Txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau ua tsov rog nrog Sweden (hnub tim Tsov Rog Northern: 1700-22-02 - 1721-10-09). Hnub ua ntej ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tom qab thawj lub dav hlau naval yeej ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Gangut, cov British tau nce lawv cov tub rog thiab coj lawv diplomacy rau rapprochement nrog cov Swedes. Lub koom haum British naval nrog Sweden yog ib qho lus teb rau qhov pom tau tias muaj ntau lub nkoj Lavxias.
Pib koom ua rog
Nyob rau sab qaum teb ua tsov ua rog, Russia tau nkag mus rau hauv kev koom tes nrog Lub Tebchaws, Denmark thiab Saxony tawm tsam Sweden (nyob rau sab qaum teb) thiab lub tebchaws Ottoman (nyob rau sab qab teb), uas Askiv tau koom nrog nws lub nkoj thaum tsov rog. Tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab yog Peter lub Great, cov thawj coj uas coj kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia yog Golitsyn, Sheremetev thiab Apraksin. Ntawm ib sab ntawm cov phoojywg - Lub Yim Hli II, George kuv thiab Friedrich Wilhelm. Lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm Swedish King Charles XII thiab Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III.
tsis meejCov keeb kwm muab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev koom tes nyob rau hauv Northern Tsov rog rau Ukrainian Cossacks, txij li thaum thawj Cossacks, coj los ntawm Ivan Mazepa, coj ib sab ntawm Peter lub Great, thiab tom qab Charles XII tau cog lus tias yuav tso cov Ukrainian av, lawv mus rau lub sab ntawm Swedes.
Thawj yeej ntawm hiav txwv
Lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1714, Lavxias teb sab nkoj ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub vanguard, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Peter lub Great nws tus kheej, yeej swb Swedish fleet ntawm Cape Gangut. Cov lus txib Lavxias coj kom zoo dua lub sijhawm thaum Swedes raug yuam kom faib lawv cov nkoj hauv ob qho kev qhia. Yog li ntawd, Lavxias teb sab rog thaiv lub nkoj ntawm Swedish Rear Admiral Ehrenskiöld. Lawv tsis kam tso tseg, thiab Petus hais kom tawm tsam.
Kev yeej ntawm Gangut tshem tawm cov dab neeg ntawm kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm Swedes thiab cim qhov pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ua tub rog. Lub Xya Hli 27, 1714 - hnub ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Northern, uas tau txiav txim siab nws txoj kev kawm ntxiv thiab tso cai rau ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm hauv Finland.
Kho cov txiaj ntsig
Rau xyoo tom qab, lub nkoj Lavxias tau tswj hwm nws txoj kev ua tub rog zoo tshaj plaws ntawm 1714. Thaum kawg ntawm lub Xya hli ntuj 1720, raws li kev txiav txim ntawm Peter lub Great, tus thawj coj ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab fleet, General Golitsyn, muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ships tawm tsam Swedish Vice Admiral Sheblat, uas txib cov tub rog. Lavxias teb sab rowing fleet, sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub Gulf of Bothnia, muaj ntau tshaj li 50 galleys thiab ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li kaum ob lub nkoj. Feem ntau, Lavxias teb sab nkoj tau nruab nrog tsib caug-ob phom thiab kaum ib txhiab tub rog tub rog, npaj txhij los tawm tsam ob qho tib si hauv dej thiabthiab hauv av.
Txawm hais tias muaj cov lej zoo tshaj ntawm Swedish nkoj (tab sis tsuas muaj txog ib txhiab tus tub rog tsaws), General Golitsyn tau coj qhov chaw zoo nyob hauv qhov tsis tuaj yeem Flisesund Strait. Lavxias teb sab fleet nyob rau hauv ib tug semicircle, npaj txhij mus ntsib cov yeeb ncuab ships. Ib me ntsis ua ntej, ib tug Lavxias teb sab detachment tau tso rau hauv lub hiav txwv qhib raws li ib tug bait. Cov Swedes rushed tom qab lub detachment thiab raug ambushed. Ob lub frigates koom nrog hauv kev sib tw khiav aground, thaum thaiv kev txav mus ntxiv ntawm ob lub frigates ntxiv thiab lub nkoj Swedish ntawm kab. Lavxias rowing galleys tau ntau dua maneuverable thiab yooj yim hla dej ntiav, txiav txim siab ntxiv kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua naval tau tshwm sim tawm ntawm Grenam Island.
Thaum sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog Lavxias tau nce plaub lub frigates ib zaug. Xws li ib qho kev tawm tsam thiab npaj txhij txog ua rau Swedish fleet mus rau hauv davhlau. Raws li kev kwv yees dav dav, kev poob ntawm Swedes muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas leej raug tua, plaub puas tub rog raug ntes. Tib lub sijhawm, kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Grenam Island tau thov 82 tus neeg nyob hauv cov tub rog Lavxias, thiab ob puas leej neeg raug ntes los ntawm Swedish.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Sab Qab Teb thiab kos npe ntawm Treaty of Nystadt
Lub Xya Hli 27, 1720, Lavxias-Swedish naval sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Grenam Island tau poob rau hauv keeb kwm kev ua tub rog raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua uas maj nrawm rau qhov xaus ntawm Treaty of Nishtad, uas tau xaus Tsov Rog Northern. Cov lus cog tseg kev sib haum xeeb tau xaus rau kev ua tsov rog sab qaum teb ntev nrog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab qhov tsis zoo rau Sweden.
Raws li kev pom zoo, Russia tau pauv mus rau "nyob mus ib txhismuaj "ib feem ntawm Karelia, hiav txwv ntug dej hiav txwv los ntawm Vyborg mus rau Riga, uas yog, tag nrho Gulf of Finland, thiab lub teb chaws tau txais coveted qhov hluav taws xob mus rau lub hiav txwv B altic. Sweden, Russia yuav tsum tau rov qab Finland thiab them lub xeev cov nuj nqis nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm ob lab rubles. Tom qab qhov xaus ntawm Treaty of Nystadt xyoo 1721, Sweden poob nws lub zog qub. Nyob rau hauv 1723, Sweden tau tsiv mus nyob ze rau Russia nyob rau hauv kev cia siab ntawm regaining lub B altic ntug dej hiav txwv, txi ib tug alliance nrog England.
Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov xaus ntawm kev thaj yeeb tau raug cim los ntawm kev tso lub cim nco txog thiab kev ua koob tsheej nplua nuj. Kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Grenam Island tau coj lub zog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiab tub rog mus rau theem tshiab, thiab cov neeg koom hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txais txiaj ntsig kub thiab nyiaj npib. Lub Treaty of Nystadt tau lees tias muaj kev zam txim rau txhua tus, tshwj tsis yog rau Cossacks uas ntxeev siab rau Peter thiab mus rau sab ntawm Charles. Cov lus nug ntawm kev ntseeg txawm raug tsa, txij li kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ntseeg tau qhia hauv thaj chaw qub ntawm Sweden uas tau dhau mus rau Russia.
