Eukaryotic hlwb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov qauv nyuaj. Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog cov plasma membrane, lub cytoplasm, uas muaj cov organelles membrane, inclusions, organelles tsis muaj daim nyias nyias thiab cov nucleus.
Membranous organelles muaj ib lossis ob daim nyias nyias. Lawv yog cov ntsiab lus tas mus li ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes, tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab ua cov haujlwm sib xws.
Cov cell nucleus, mitochondria, thiab plastids (chloro-, chromo- thiab leucoplasts) belongs rau ob-membrane lug ntawm lub cell. Cov ntsiab lus uas tsis yog-membrane yog ribosomes thiab cell center.
Thaum lub voj voog ntawm tes, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cytoskeleton tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Yog li, piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem ntawm kev faib nyob rau hauv lub cell, cytoplasmic tubules ploj, ib tug tshiab qauv tshwm - lub division spindle.
Ib leeg-membrane organelles: cia peb nyob ntawm lawv tus yam ntxwv.
Cov qauv no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm eukaryotic hlwb, uas tau cais tawm ntawm cytosol los ntawm ib daim nyias nyias. Ib leeg-membrane cell organelles suav nrog endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, thiab derivativesCov qauv ntawm nws - lysosomes.
Lub endoplasmic reticulum yog kaw kaw ntawm tubules uas permeate tag nrho cytosol. Nws faib cov cell mus rau hauv nyias qhov chaw thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj khoom. Lub endoplasmic reticulum tau tshawb pom hauv xyoo 1945 siv lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob, uas ua rau nws pom tau tias cov qauv xoob tshwj xeeb thoob plaws hauv cytoplasm.
Lub endoplasmic reticulum yog granular thiab agranular. Lub du (agranular) endoplasmic reticulum yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas ntawm lipids thiab polysaccharides, thaum lub granular muaj ribosomes ntawm nws qhov chaw, uas cov proteins tsim. Cov qauv no pab txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm ntau lub tebchaw thoob plaws hauv lub xovtooj ntawm tes, ua kom cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov granular reticulum cisterns khi rau hauv daim nyias nyias thiab koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov membranes tshiab uas tau tsim tom qab kev faib cell.
Golgi apparatus tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam duab, tab sis feem ntau nws zoo li thickened discs uas tsim dictyosome. Cov hlab txuas los ntawm dictyosomes, thaum kawg ntawm cov vesicles yog concentrated. Golgi apparatus accumulates cov khoom uas yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub cell thiab tshem tawm los ntawm nws. Cov organelle no tsim tau zoo nyob rau hauv glandular cells.
Nws vesicles koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov cytoplasmic membrane, nrog rau cov organelles - thawj lysosomes.
Lysosomes yog cov txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej uas muaj cov enzymes, nrog raulos ntawm txoj kev uas lub cell muaj peev xwm zom tau ntau yam organic tshuaj. Cov tib-membrane organelles ua lwm txoj haujlwm - lawv rhuav tshem qee cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm, muab cov khoom noj ntxiv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntawm cov as-ham. Tsis tas li ntawd, lysosomes yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg tuag thiab cov organelles uas tsis tsim nyog.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho ib leeg-membrane organelles yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cellular homeostasis, raws li lawv xyuas kom meej lub cev ua hauj lwm ntawm hlwb.
