Architect Baranovsky Petr Dmitrievich: biography, tus kheej lub neej thiab cov duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Architect Baranovsky Petr Dmitrievich: biography, tus kheej lub neej thiab cov duab
Architect Baranovsky Petr Dmitrievich: biography, tus kheej lub neej thiab cov duab
Anonim

Me ntsis tsawg dua 35 xyoo dhau los, ib tus neeg nto moo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab monument restorers, tus kws kes duab vajtse Baranovsky, tuag lawm. Muaj ib zaug nws nyob hauv ib chav tsev me me, nyob hauv Novodevichy Convent, hauv tsev kho mob pawg ntseeg. Thiab qhov no ntau tshaj li lub tsev nyob rau ob peb xyoo lawm yog lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm uas txoj kev cawm seej ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai raug teeb tsa. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv txog tus kws kos duab Baranovsky, uas nws cov duab tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm, yuav qhia hnub no.

St. Basil's Cathedral
St. Basil's Cathedral

Tus kws kos duab Petr Dmitrievich Baranovsky yog ib tus neeg txawv tshaj plaw hauv Lavxias keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tau ua tsaug rau nws tias nws muaj peev xwm kho tau Kazan Cathedral, nyob hauv Moscow, ntawm Red Square, hauv nws daim ntawv qub.

Nws sawv ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev tsim Kolomenskoye Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve, yog tus Cawm Seej ntawm Spaso-Andronikov Monastery los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Architects hu nws Habakkuk ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thiab kujtus saib xyuas tus tim tswv uas tau cawm lub tsev teev ntuj architecture. Muaj ib qho version uas nws tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral, uas yog lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj, Lazar Kaganovich.

Biography ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Baranovsky

Young Baranovsky
Young Baranovsky

Nws yog qhov txawv tshaj plaw thiab ua yeeb yam. Nov yog qee qhov tseeb.

  • Tus kws tsim vaj tsev, tus tsim kho, yog ib tus tsim ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev kho dua tshiab thiab kev txuag cov khoom, yug hauv xyoo 1892 hauv Smolensk xeev rau hauv tsev neeg cov neeg pluag. Nws tuag hauv Moscow xyoo 1984.
  • 1912 - kawm tiav los ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev kawm hauv Moscow.
  • 1914 - ua haujlwm ntawm Sab Hnub Poob ua tus thawj coj ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho.
  • 1918 - tau txais khoom plig kub los ntawm Moscow Archaeological Institute (chaw haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm kos duab).
  • 1919-22 - yog tus kws qhia keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture hauv chav haujlwm ntawm Moscow Archaeological Institute hauv Yaroslavl.
  • 1922-23 - qhia tib yam kev kawm hauv Moscow State University.
  • 1823-33 - tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Kolomenskoye.
  • 1933-36 - raug cem thiab ua haujlwm rau nws cov kab lus hauv kev khiav tawm hauv cheeb tsam Kemerovo, hauv nroog Mariinsk. Tom qab nws tso tawm, nws yog ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv Aleksandrov.
  • Txij thaum xyoo 1938 - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm ntau lub xeev cov qauv rau kev tiv thaiv monuments, yog ib tus tsim ntawm lub zej zog rau kev tiv thaiv keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai monuments.
  • 1946, 1947, 1960 - tus tsim lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Chernigov, Yuriev-Polsky, hauv Andronikov Monastery hauv Moscow, raws li.

Nyob rau xyoo tshaib plab

Tuam tsev-chapelntawm lub tsev pheeb suab Kutuzov
Tuam tsev-chapelntawm lub tsev pheeb suab Kutuzov

Architect Baranovsky pib ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1911. Nws thawj khoom yog lub koom txoos ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Trinity Monastery, nyob rau hauv lub xeev Smolensk. Xyoo 1920-30s, nws tau tsim ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov duab puab ntawm no.

Txhua tus uas tau sib tham nrog nws thaum lub sijhawm ntawd xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, tsis ntshai ntawm nws tus thawj coj, suav nrog cov thawj coj loj. Thiab lawv kuj xav tsis thoob los ntawm nws txoj kev hlub tus kheej rau masterpieces ntawm architecture.

Baranovsky ua haujlwm yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm, tswj cov neeg tshaib plab tsis yog tsuas yog muab cov lus qhuab qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm xwb, tab sis kuj khaws cov ntaub ntawv rau phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev, mus xyuas ntau lub nroog uas ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab raws li nws. tej yaam num.

Tib lub sijhawm, nws tau tawm tsam rau txhua lub tsev qub hauv Moscow, yog tias cov neeg nyob hauv lub zog tau npaj kom tshem tawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws tsim vaj tsev rov qab los Inessa Kazakevich tau sau tseg tias ntawm txoj kev xws li Volkhonka thiab Prechistenka, txhua lub tsev uas muaj txiaj ntsig keeb kwm thiab kev tsim vaj tsev tsuas yog ua tsaug rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm Baranovsky.

Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Kolomenskoye

Reserve hauv Kolomna
Reserve hauv Kolomna

Xyoo 1923, tus kws kos duab Baranovsky tau tsim lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lavxias Architecture, uas nyob hauv thaj av Moscow, hauv Kolomenskoye vaj tse, txhawm rau txuag cov khoom vaj khoom tsev uas raug rhuav tshem. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, cov tsev nyob rau hauv lub vaj tse nyob rau hauv ib tug deplorable lub xeev. Lub tiaj ua si raug muab hlawv hlawv, thiab thaj av ntawd tau nyob los ntawm ib pawg ua liaj ua teb hu ua Garden Giant.

Thawj zaug tsuas muaj ob tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej - tus neeg saib xyuasthiab tus neeg saib xyuas. Lub restorer yuav tsum coj mus rau ib leeg ntau cov khoom pov thawj uas tau tawg thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Cov no yog cov cim thaum ub, cov cuab yeej siv hauv tsev teev ntuj, cov khoom siv hauv tsev los ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los. Ntawm cov khoom uas nws tau tswj kom xa cov disassembled mus rau lub peev yog:

  • towers coj los ntawm Nikolo-Korelsky Monastery;
  • kaum tsev ntauwd ntawm Bratsk tsev loj cuj;
  • Lub tsev ntawm Peter kuv, nyob rau hauv lub fortress Novodvinsk.

Tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Baranovsky, tau ua haujlwm los kho cov cuab yeej cuab tam nws tus kheej.

Lub Ntsiab Cai

Cathedral nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Smolensk
Cathedral nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Smolensk

Ntawm tus tswv zoo nws yog qhov yooj yim hauv kev tsim, zoo li txhua yam kev txawj ntse, tab sis nyuaj rau kev siv. Nws ntseeg hais tias yuav tsum tsim cov vaj tse tsis yog nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis sim ua kom lawv zoo li qub.

Tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj kev khuv xim, nws rhuav tshem tag nrho cov txheej txheem tom qab. Txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no tau lees txais nrog kev ua phem los ntawm ntau tus, tus kws tsim vaj tsev Pyotr Baranovsky tau sawv hauv av, vim tias nyob rau xyoo ntawd txoj kev no tsuas yog txoj hauv kev los cawm cov monuments los ntawm kev rhuav tshem tam sim.

Xyoo 1925, Baranovsky nrhiav tau ib txoj hauv kev tshiab uas cov monuments tau rov qab los. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov "tail seem ntawm cib", uas tseem khaws cia. Niaj hnub no, txoj hauv kev no sawv cev rau lub hauv paus pob zeb ntawm kev kho kom rov zoo li qub.

Txawm tias lub caij nplooj zeeg

Kazan Cathedral
Kazan Cathedral

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus tswv pib kho lubMoscow ntawm Red Square ntawm Kazan Cathedral. Raws li cov neeg ua pov thawj nco qab, nws tau koom nrog kev kho kom rov zoo li qub tshaj plaws.

Yog li, piv txwv li, tus kws tsim vaj tsev Baranovsky tau khi ib kawg ntawm txoj hlua mus rau tus ntoo khaub lig uas nyob saum lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab khi lwm tus nyob ib ncig ntawm lub duav. Muaj kev nyab xeeb rau nws tus kheej li no, nws tau koom nrog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev zoo nkauj thaum ub los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv tsis tsim nyog.

Tib lub sijhawm, tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau tsoo ob peb zaug thiab ua rau nws mob hnyav heev. Tab sis qhov ntawd yeej tsis nres nws. Muaj pov thawj tias txawm tias thaum muaj hnub nyoog siab heev, nws tau nce lub scaffolding ntawm Krutitsy Compound txhawm rau sib tham txog cov nuances tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.

kev sim uas tsis tau tshwm sim

Lub sijhawm ua tsov rog ua ntej hauv Baranovsky lub neej dhau los ua qhov dub rau nws. Xyoo 1933, nws raug ntes, raug liam tias tau liam tias zais ntau lub tsev teev ntuj muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov khoom pov thawj hauv Kolomenskoye. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg tshawb xyuas kuj ntxiv cov haujlwm tawm tsam Stalinist rau rooj plaub. Raws li Baranovsky nws tus kheej tau sau tom qab, tus kws tshawb fawb Altman tau hais tias nws tau koom nrog kev sim rau lub neej ntawm Comrade Stalin.

Thiab nws tseem raug foob nrog kev koom tes hauv cov koom haum nom tswv uas tsom mus rhuav tshem tsoomfwv uas twb muaj lawm. Raws li tus kws tsim qauv, txawm tias peb xyoos ntawm cov chaw pw hav zoov tau ploj mus ua ntej qhov kev txaus ntshai ntawm kev nug, lus dag tsis txaus ntseeg, kev tsim txom kev ncaj ncees uas nws tau ntsib thaum nyob hauv tsev lojcuj.

dab tsis tawg

Baranovsky nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm
Baranovsky nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm

Txoj sia tsis tau rhuav tus txiv neej zoo no. Los ntawm kev ncotus ntxhais, Olga Baranovskaya, cov hauv qab no paub txog cov xyoo ntawd. Thaum nws rov qab los ntawm qhov chaw pw hav zoov, nws pib nrawm heev los ntsuas, zais duab thiab ua duab kos ntawm Kazan Cathedral ntawm Red Square.

Qhov tseeb yog, raws li tsoomfwv xaj, lawv pib rhuav tshem nws. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws kes duab vajtse Baranovsky tau chim siab heev los ntawm kev npau taws uas nws tau pom nrog nws lub qhov muag tawm tsam lub cim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, uas nws tus kheej tau kho dua.

Dhau li ntawm qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau ua siab ntev rau kev txaj muag thiab kev tsis txaus siab vim qhov tseeb tias txhua hnub ntawm 17-00 nws yuav tsum tau mus xyuas ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob hauv Alexandrov raws li tus neeg tsis ntseeg siab uas tau rov qab los ntawm kev tawm tsam.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nws muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua lub tsev teev ntuj hauv nws qhov qub splendor nkaus xwb vim tias lub restorer tsim cov ntaub ntawv raug thiab tiav. Nws tsuas yog tsim xyoo 1993.

xyoo tshiab

Memorial plaque
Memorial plaque

Yuav luag txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Baranovsky tau koom nrog kev kho dua tshiab ntawm pawg ntseeg, cov tsev qub qub, tawm tsam kev rhuav tshem cov monuments. Nws sau thawj charter ntawm haiv neeg rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm monuments. Nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias, raws li cov lus tim khawv ntawm ib puag ncig, tus tswv, uas tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau kev khaws cia ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj architecture, tsis yog ib tug ntseeg.

Nyob hauv nws lub neej, tus kws kes duab vajtse Baranovsky zoo siab nrog nws tus poj niam, Maria Yurievna, nws tus khub ncaj ncees. Nws tuag xyoo 1977. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Baranovsky pom tsis zoo heev, tab sis khaws cia lub siab meej thiab, rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub peev xwm, tau koom nrog hauv kev kho nws cov ntaub ntawv.

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