Napoleon Code: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab cov kev cai tseem ceeb

Napoleon Code: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab cov kev cai tseem ceeb
Napoleon Code: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab cov kev cai tseem ceeb
Anonim

Txoj Cai Kev Cai Lij Choj, tau lees paub hauv Fab Kis xyoo 1804 thiab hu ua Napoleonic Code, yog ib txoj cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej. Qhov no txuas tsis tau tsuas yog nrog lub npe ntawm tus huab tais legendary, uas nws tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv no, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev uas nws muaj rau txhua txoj cai lij choj European.

Napoleonic Code
Napoleonic Code

Tom qab cov xwm txheej ntawm Fabkis Revolution, tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev tswj hwm hauv lub tebchaws no tau ua rau pom qhov tsis meej pem: cov qauv kev hloov pauv tshiab tau cuam tshuam nrog cov kev cai qub qub uas twb dhau los lawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem ceeb heev rau feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem kom raug cai sib sau ua ke cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab tiv thaiv kev rov qab mus rau qhov qub. Nws yog txoj haujlwm no uas Napoleonic Code tau npaj los daws.

Lub tswv yim ntawm daim ntawv no tau matured nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais tau ntev. Nws nkag siab zoo kawg nkaus uas nrog kev pab ntawmkev cai lij choj sau npe ntawm cov pej xeem cov cai ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Fabkis, nws yuav muaj peev xwm stabilize qhov xwm txheej nyob rau hauv zej zog, muab impetus rau nws ntxiv kev loj hlob. Txhawm rau npaj qhov project, tsim tshwj xeeb commission, uas Thawj Consul Napoleon Bonaparte nws tus kheej tau koom nrog. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev npaj cov cai no yog cov kev cai ntawm Roman ntiag tug txoj cai lij choj thiab tshaj tawm txoj cai ntawm txiv neej thiab pej xeem. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1804, Civil Code tau txais kev pom zoo thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub zog.

Napoleonic Code 1804
Napoleonic Code 1804

Tus Napoleonic Code ntawm 1804 suav nrog peb qhov tseem ceeb. Thawj feem yog mob siab rau cov koom haum xws li kev sib yuav, kev saib xyuas, kev sib nrauj, kev saws me nyuam. Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ntu no yog kev sib npaug ntawm cov pej xeem ua ntej txoj cai lij choj thiab inviolability ntawm vaj tse txoj cai.

Nws yog cov teeb meem khoom vaj khoom tsev uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tswv qub thiab cov tswv tshiab. Txoj Cai Napoleonic tau daws qhov teeb meem no ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho, taw qhia qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm kev yuam rov faib av thiab txeeb lwm yam khoom vaj khoom tsev.

Cov cai vaj tse txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov thib ob. Nws tau hais tshwj xeeb ntawm no tias kev pov tseg ntawm ib tus neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lwm tus thiab, tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem raug yuam kom muab nws lub cuab tam. Tib lub sijhawm, lub xeev yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws txiav txim plaub ntug hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov pej xeem.

Napoleonic Penal Code
Napoleonic Penal Code

Nyob rau hauv nws qhov thib peb, Napoleonic Code hais txog kev cog lus kev sib raug zoo tshwm sim los ntawmlos ntawm kev ua tswv cuab. Ua ntej, nyob rau hauv nqe lus no, kev faib tawm ntawm kev lag luam yog nqa tawm, ntawm cov ntawv cog lus qub txeeg qub teg, muag thiab pub dawb sawv tawm. Qhov thib ob, cov xwm txheej rau qhov pib ntawm kev sib cog lus kev sib raug zoo yog txiav txim siab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev yeem thiab kev cai lij choj ntawm ob tog.

Civil Code of 1804 yog thawj txoj cai lij choj hauv Fab Kis, tib yam rau tag nrho lub tebchaws. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txuas ntxiv mus rau tag nrho cov cheeb tsam Fab Kis, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais yuav nyob rau hauv feem ntau European thiab Asmeskas lub xeev.

Tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tus huab tais nto moo txoj kev cai lij choj tsis txwv rau Civil Code ib leeg. Tsis muaj npe nrov tsawg yog Napoleonic Txoj Cai Txhaum Cai, tau txais kev pom zoo hauv xyoo 1810, uas tsim cov hauv paus kev cai lij choj rau kev foob kev ua txhaum cai.

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