Phraseological tig ua rau peb cov lus nthuav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tham zoo tib yam tuaj yeem dhau los ua piv txwv zoo ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm peb cov lus. Peb yuav tham txog ib qho ntawm cov kab lus nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
peb sib koom ua ke ntxuav pob txha ntawm cov neeg paub ntau npaum li cas? Cov ncauj lus zoo li no suav hais tias yog coj tus cwj pwm phem. Tab sis tsawg kawg ntawm lub caij nyoog peb ua nws. Luv luv, lub ntsiab lus ntawm chav tsev phraseological tuaj yeem hais tau tias "kev sib tham tom qab tus neeg rov qab." Tsis mus rau hauv kev ncaj ncees sab ntawm tus txheej txheem tam sim no, cia peb xav txog cov lus qhia los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav.
Yog li, ntxiv rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb yuav sim qhia seb nws txhais li cas rau "hloov cov pob txha", thiab tseem xav txog qee cov ntsiab lus hauv keeb kwm ntawm chav tsev kab lus no.
Modern meaning of expression
Vim cov lus hais lus muaj lub ntsiab lus tsis ncaj, yam tsawg kawg ntawm theem tam sim no ntawm nws siv, peb tsuas yog txaus siab rau nws.
Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb"ntxuav pob txha" nyob rau theem tam sim no - "kev sib tham tom qab, lus xaiv." Cov lus tsis zoo heev - "slander". Feem ntau, nws yog ib txwm - los tham txog qhov zoo ntawm tus neeg tsis muaj nws lub xub ntiag, lossis nws qhov tshwj xeeb.
Tseem nco ntsoov tias feem ntau, lub ntsiab lus niaj hnub no muaj kev xav tsis zoo. Qee lub sij hawm muaj kev zam thaum kev sib tham ntawm ib tug neeg qab nws nraub qaum yog nyob rau sab zoo.
Keeb kwm ntawm phraseologism
Zoo li ntau lwm cov kab lus, "ntxuav cov pob txha" muaj nws cov keeb kwm nthuav dav heev. Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias hauv nws tus kheej qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no zoo li tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd lo lus hais los ntawm qhov twg?
Keeb kwm ntawm phraseology pib nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, lub sphere ntawm kev kawm ntawv yog lub Orthodox Greek ritual kab lis kev cai, uas tau dhau mus rau ib co ntawm cov Slavic. Koom nrog cov nram qab no creepy burial ritual.
Yog li, raws li kev cai qub, muaj kev faus neeg thib ob. Cov kab ke no suav nrog kev ua thaum cov pob txha ntawm tus neeg tuag raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov ntxa, ntxuav nrog dej thiab cawv, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv qhov ntxa. Li no peb muaj lub ntsiab lus ncaj qha ntawm qhov kev qhia "kom ntxuav cov pob txha." Phraseologism, uas tam sim no muaj nrog lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb, tau los siv los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ncaj qha.
Cov lus nug ntawm lub hom phiaj uas ua kev cai dab qhuas tseem qhib. Qhib cov chaw muab cov lus piav qhia no.
Ntxuav tau ua tiavcov pob txha kom paub tseeb tias lub cev tsis raug foom. Cov damned tuag tawm ntawm qhov ntxa thaum hmo ntuj (vampires, ghouls, ghouls) thiab rhuav tshem tib neeg, coj lawv cov ntshav mus rau qhov kawg poob. Cov cev nqaij daim tawv zoo li no nyob rau hauv qhov ntxa tsis lwj, tsuas yog o thiab tsaus.
Mentions of expression in sau source
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm qhov ncauj lus dab neeg tsis tau hloov pauv kev mloog ntawm cov kab lus thiab tsis nco lub sijhawm los kho lawv hauv lawv cov ntawv sau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus "kom ntxuav cov pob txha" (lub ntsiab lus ntawm chav tsev phraseological thiab nws keeb kwm) tsis tau hais nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog thaum phau ntawv txhais lus tsim los ntawm Dahl.
Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv Dahl txoj hauj lwm ob qho tib si kev txhais lus ntawm kev qhia thiab keeb kwm siv rau nws keeb kwm tau muab.
Mentions in literary texts
Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm peb cov kev sib tham tau pib nce qeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, kev kos duab ntawm lo lus yog ib kauj ruam ua ntej. Hauv cov ntawv tseeb, cov ntawv muaj cov lus qhia no, thiab nws tshwm sim ntau zaus.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv txij li xyoo 19th, peb twb ntsib nws hauv ntau lub ntsiab lus. Raws li qhov no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias nws yog lub sijhawm ntawd cov chav tsev hais lus nkag mus rau txheej txheej ntawm cov lus Lavxias los ntawm kev hais lus.
Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas muaj qhov kev qhia no hauv lawv cov haujlwm yog S altykov-Shchedrin (nws "Lub Xeev Essays"), Melnikov-Pechersky nrog nws cov ntawv tshiab "Rau Roob", "BabushkinsChekhov kuj embellished nws cov dab neeg nrog pej xeem cov lus qhia (piv txwv li, "Los ntawm cov ntawv sau ntawm ib tug kub-tempered txiv neej").
Expression options
Phraseological units, zoo li cov lus ntawm ib hom lus, muaj lawv cov synonyms thiab siv ntau yam. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo sib xws nrog "kev ntxuav cov pob txha." Lub ntsiab lus ntawm phraseology nyob rau theem tam sim no, peb soj ntsuam saum toj no, txhua yam tshwm sim keeb kwm tib yam.
Yog li, hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm cov lus Lavxias Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 19th, muaj peb qhov sib txawv uas txawv me ntsis hauv daim ntawv morphological. Lub ntsiab lus tseem zoo ib yam, tab sis cov lus qhia muaj qhov sib txawv ua ntej. Lo lus lub hauv paus yog infinitive verb "to wash". Nrog prefixes, nws tsim cov kev xaiv hauv qab no: "ntxuav" (qhov tseeb, peb txiav txim siab nws hauv peb tsab xov xwm yog feem ntau), "ntxuav" (nws tsis tshua muaj ntau, hnub no koj yuav tsis hnov nws txhua), " ntxuav” (hnub no kuj tsis zoo li hnov).
Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm Chekhov tej hauj lwm (zaj dab neeg "Zinochka") peb soj ntsuam lwm daim ntawv zoo li "ntxuav cov pob txha", tab sis ib tug derivative ntawm lwm cov hauv paus hniav: "los txheeb xyuas". Nws yog suav hais tias yog theem nrab, feem ntau yuav, tus kws sau ntawv qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov sib piv nrog tus sau cov neologisms.
Expression synonyms
Tsis muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus rau cov kab lus "tso cov pob txha", niaj hnub thiab cov uas pom tsuas yog hauv cov ntawv tseeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Nthuav qhov tseeb: kev kawmcov phau ntawv txhais lus sau cov lus "kom co pob txha" (lub ntsiab lus "lus xaiv") raws li cov lus qhia, txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov lus ceeb toom, cov ntawv sau ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries tsis muaj daim ntawv no.
Lwm tus piv txwv uas nkag siab ntau dua nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus hais hauv kev xav, raws li cov lus qhia "kom tshem tawm los ntawm cov pob txha". Nws yog yuav luag dawb huv, vim hais tias tsis muaj ntaub ntawv uas nws tau siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no nyob rau hauv pej xeem hais lus. Cov kab lus no tau tshwm sim kom meej meej nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm "ntxuav (xaiv) cov pob txha." Lub ntsiab lus converge nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub los yog nyob ze rau lwm tus: "sib tham ib yam dab tsi los yog ib tug neeg nyob rau hauv kom meej", "tseem ceeb rau ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam, thuam", kuj "raug txim, thuam".
Nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov "Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev rau txim" los ntawm Dostoevsky, ib daim ntawv zoo heev ntawm kev qhia kuj tseem siv: "knead the pob txha", uas txhais tau tias "hloov cov pob txha". Lub ntsiab yog tib yam, cov duab tsuas yog ib feem hloov.
Nyob rau hauv kab nrog phraseological chav tsev "kom ntxuav cov pob txha" yog muab tso rau lwm tus - "sib cais los ntawm ib tug xov." Lawv lub ntsiab lus converges, tab sis cov duab txawv.
Cov Lus Qhia
Yog li, hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb tau sim ua kom nkag siab thiab nthuav dav tshaj plaws uas nws txhais tau tias "ntxuav pob txha." Qhov tseem ceeb uas peb tab tom yuav rho tawm los ntawm kev sib tham yog nws lub ntsiab lus: "sib tham, hais lus ntxhi txog tus neeg nyob hauv nws qhov tsis tuaj".
Keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus no tau dhau mus ntau heevtheem. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog qhov tseeb thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua yeeb yam, tom qab ntawd nws tau txav mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm tus neeg tus cwj pwm. Niaj hnub no peb muaj cov ntsiab lus paub thiab lub ntsiab lus uas peb muab tso rau hauv nws ntawm qib intuitive.
