Ntau yam kab mob nyob thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov qauv thiab lub neej yog kawm los ntawm biology. Cov xwm txheej rau cov noob germination yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov ceg, hu ua botany, uas suav nrog ntu - cog physiology. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb uas tsim nyog rau cov noob germination yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub, av noo, huab cua dawb, cov as-ham txaus rau kev loj hlob ntawm embryo, nrog rau cov teeb pom kev zoo. Lawv yuav tau tham hauv qab no.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim nyog rau cov noob germination
Cov noob yog tsim los ntawm cov noob kab mob thiab nyob rau hauv angiosperms nws yog tsim los ntawm ob fertilization, nrhiav tau los ntawm S. Navashin nyob rau hauv 1861. Nws germination tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm nws nkag mus rau qhov zoo ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob, hu ua abiotic yam.. Lub embryo muaj nyob rau hauv cov noob thiab muaj ib tug hauv paus thiab ib tug stalk nrog germinal nplooj,pib loj hlob, thaum lub noob ntawm daim tawv nqaij tawg thiab cov noob hauv paus tshwm ua ntej. Nws muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov av thiab pib nws tus kheej nqus dej thiab ntxhia ntsev daws tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm embryo.
Ntxiv rau cov tshuaj no, cov khoom siv organic xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, cov protein thiab cov rog yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov noob germination thiab kev loj hlob. Lawv embryo tau txais los ntawm cotyledons (nyob rau hauv dicotyledonous nroj tsuag, piv txwv li, peas, dib, txiv lws suav, cabbage), los yog ncaj qha los ntawm endosperm nyob rau hauv cov noob ntawm monocotyledonous nroj tsuag (nplej, mov, rye). Yog li, cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig yog cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau cov noob germination.
Physiological mechanisms of noob germination
Yog tias koj tau txais cov haujlwm hauv qab no: qhia lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau cov noob germination, peb qhia koj kom pib los ntawm kev qhia txog lub cev ntawm cov txheej txheem no, kev tshawb fawb piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo.. Yog li, germination yog kev hloov ntawm cov noob los ntawm ib lub xeev ntawm so ntxiv mus rau vegetative loj hlob ntawm lub embryo, xaus nrog tsim ntawm ib tug yub los ntawm nws.
Cov noob ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem tawg tam sim lossis ib lub sijhawm luv luv tom qab ripening. Hauv ntau hom ntoo, piv txwv li, gymnosperms - spruce, ntoo thuv, cedar, thiab feem ntau hav zoov herbaceous nroj tsuag, cov noob muaj lub sij hawm ntev dormant thiab germinate tsuas yog tom qab 1-2 xyoos los yog ntau tshaj. Qhov nolub sijhawm ncua sijhawm tseem ceeb heev. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm temperate latitudes, germination yog stimulated precisely los ntawm lub caij ntuj no kub tsis tshua muaj. Xws li ib puag ncig zoo li teeb pom kev zoo tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej rau cov noob germination, vim lawv feem ntau txhim kho hauv qhov tsaus ntuj.
Tus nqi ntsuas kub zoo tshaj
Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov noob germination yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kab mob abiotic, ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua ib qho haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hauv agronomy, cov nroj tsuag tau muab faib ua txias-resistant thiab kub-hlub. Qhov kev sib txawv no kuj siv tau rau cov noob. Qee qhov, piv txwv li, cov noob ntawm carrots, lettuce, dos, germinate ntawm qhov kub tsis zoo, lwm tus (tauj taub dag, txiv lws suav, dib) xav tau cov av kom sov txog qhov kub ntawm +10 - +12 degrees.
Hauv kev cog zaub, xws li ib txoj hauv kev nce cov noob qoob loo raws li cua sov lawv feem ntau siv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab cov noob ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg taub dag: dib, zucchini, dib liab, legumes (taum, peas, soybeans) yog soaked nyob rau hauv dej ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 35-45 ° C, thiab ces., tom qab txias, lawv qhuav. Ua kom sov cov noob rau ib mus rau ob lub lis piam ua ntej tseb hauv av ua rau kom lub zog ntawm lawv cov germination, tiv thaiv kev ncua ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab nce cov qoob loo.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm noo noo hauv cov noob germination
Txuas ntxiv mus kawm txog cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau cov noob germination, cia peb nyob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm dej. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov av muab cov txheej txheem ntawm o ntawm cov noob lub tsho tiv no, ua kom cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hydrolysis. Cov txheej txheem germination nws tus kheej pib los ntawm lub caijnqus los ntawm cov noob ntawm ib tug loj ntim ntawm dej, uas ncaj qha mus rau lub embryo. Nws cov hlwb nquag nqus cov kua qabzib thiab pib faib sai, uas ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob hauv paus. Piv txwv li, beet noob nqus dej 1.2 npaug ntawm lawv qhov hnyav, thiab clover - 1.5 npaug. Nyob rau hauv lub vaj tsev, txoj kev ntawm soaking noob nyob rau hauv dej yog dav siv, ua tiav cov germination ntawm germinal cag.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm oxygen ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm noob
Xav txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau cov noob germination, peb nco ntsoov qhov kev xav tau ntawm huab cua dawb, uas yog siv los xyuas kom meej cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua pa ntawm cov noob moistened. Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, sparging feem ntau yog siv: sib tov cov noob hauv dej hauv qab kev ua ntawm oxygen lossis cua nkag los ntawm lub tshuab compressor. Cov noob tsis muaj zog germination (carrots, parsnips, dos) npuas feem ntau.
EM technology yog dab tsi?
Yog tias peb tig mus rau kev ua liaj ua teb niaj hnub nrog kev thov kom txiav txim siab txog cov xwm txheej ntawm cov noob germination, tom qab ntawd hauv kev teb, ntxiv rau txhua yam paub txog kab mob abiotic, peb yuav hnov cov lus pom zoo los siv cov tshuaj microbiological, piv txwv li, "Baikal EM-1", muaj lactic acid, photosynthesizing microorganisms thiab fungi, xws li poov xab. Hauv kev daws ntawm cov tshuaj no, cov noob npaj rau cog yog soaked rau 2-3 teev. Cov cuab yeej no txhawb cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob thiab txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov noob germination, nrog rau kev ua kom cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv kab mob.pests thiab nce yields.
Seed scarification
Txhawm rau xav txog txhua yam kev mob rau cov noob germination, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm txoj kev xws li scarification (kev puas tsuaj rau cov noob los ntawm tes). Ua li no, siv cov sib tov ntawm cov noob nrog coarse xuab zeb los yog hlau filings. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txhuam, cov noob lub tsho yog puas. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem no, cov dej tsim nyog rau cov noob germination tau mus rau embryo sai dua.
noob txheej
Qhov muaj cov as-ham txaus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov noob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov me me, uas txhais tau hais tias cov khoom me me ntawm lawv tus kheej cov as-ham. Noob txiv lws suav, dos, carrots, cabbage yog coated, uas yog, lawv yog them nrog ib tug txheej ntawm nutrient organic tshuaj uas adheres rau cov noob nrog ib tug starch tov - muab tshuaj txhuam los yog freshly npaj mullein. Ua ntej drageeing, cov noob yog calibrated, uas yog, lawv tau txheeb, tawm hauv qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau zoo li qub. Txoj kev no, uas cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej ntawm cov noob germination, txhim kho lawv cov germination thiab txhim kho lub zog ntawm germination.
Kab lus no tau hais txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau cov noob germination, uas yog cov av noo, qhov kub thiab txias, nyob ntawm seb hom nroj tsuag thiab nws ntau yam, muaj cov pa oxygen hauv huab cua, nrog rau hauv av, cov khoom txaus txaus cov as-ham rau kev loj hlob ntawm embryo thiab niaj hnub txoj kev txhim kho tej yam kev mobnoob germination.
