Karakalpakia yog lub tebchaws nyob rau hauv Central Asia, uas yog ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan. Ib qho amazing qhov chaw ncig los ntawm cov suab puam. Leej twg yog Karakalpaks thiab ua li cas lub koom pheej? Nws nyob qhov twg? Dab tsi nthuav tuaj yeem pom ntawm no?
Republic by the Dry Sea
thaj chaw ntawm Karakalpakstan nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm Amudarya River thiab mus txog rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Aral - ib zaug thib plaub loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub tebchaws no tu siab tau qhuas Uzbekistan. Karakalpakstan tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev puas tsuaj ecological. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cov dej ntawm cov dej ntws mus rau hauv lub Aral pib coj mus rau irrigate lub ntug hiav txwv dej. Maj mam, lub hiav txwv pib ntiav thiab qhuav.
Yav dhau los, hom ntses muaj txiaj ntsig nyob hauv Hiav Txwv Aral, feem ntau yog siv los nuv ntses. Muaj ob peb lub tsev ntses thiab chaw ua haujlwm ntawm no. Vim yog kev siv tsis zoo, cov dej tau txo qis txhua xyoo. Thaj chaw ntawm hiav txwv tau maj mam kov yeej los ntawm cov suab puam, thiab cov tshuaj siv hauv kev ua liaj ua teb tau tso rau saum npoo, ua rau cov ntsev thiab cua hauv thaj chaw muaj tshuaj lom.
Tam sim no lub koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan yog lub npe hu ua " toj ntxasnkoj." Thaum lub caij ntuj qhuav qhuav ntawm hiav txwv, ntau lub nkoj tseem nyob twj ywm. Lub chaw nres nkoj qub ntawm Moinak tam sim no muaj cov nkoj loj rusty nestled nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov suab puam kub.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Karakalpakstan yog ib lub tebchaws ywj pheej uas yog ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan. Nws tuaj yeem thim tawm ntawm lub tebchaws raws li kev tawm suab. Txoj cai tswjfwm ua rau Karakalpakstan ntawm nws tus kheej los daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov qauv kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tebchaws, tsis muaj kev koom tes nrog Uzbekistan.
Karakalpakstan muaj nws tus chij, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, anthem thiab txawm tias muaj kev cai lij choj thiab tsoomfwv lub cev. Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Karakalpakstan Erniyazov Musa Tazhetdinovich muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm. Thaj chaw ntawm lub koom pheej tau muab faib ua 14 cheeb tsam hu ua pos. Lub peev ntawm Karakalpakstan - Nukus - yog ib chav tswj hwm cais. Nws yog lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws. Lwm lub nroog loj yog Turtkul, Chimbal, Khodjeyli, Beruniy, Kungrad thiab Takhiatash.
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam yog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev lag luam. Cov qoob loo qoob loo (millet thiab mov), paj rwb, silk yog zus. Tsiaj yug tsiaj yog dav. Tsuas yog cov dej qab zib cog hauv Central Asia yog nyob rau hauv tebchaws, carbide yog tsim nyob rau hauv Kungrad, lub Hoobkas iav nyob rau hauv Khodjeilis, lub peev ntawm Karakalpakstan muaj ib tug cable thiab marble factories.
geography
Ib qho ntawm thaj av nthuav tshaj plaws ntawm Central Asia yog, tau kawg, Karakalpakstan. Lub koom pheej nyob qhov twg? Nws nyobntawm Turan lowland, nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Uzbekistan. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, ob cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws (Khorezm thiab Navoi) ciam teb rau nws. Cov koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan faib rau sab hnub poob, sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb ciam teb nrog cov koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan, sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ciam teb nrog Turkmenistan.
Deserts nyob feem ntau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws, uas yog 80%. Kyzylkum suab puam nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Aral Hiav Txwv, lub suab puam tshiab tau tsim - Aralkum. Nws muaj cov xuab zeb thiab cov ntsev muaj kuab lom uas cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos.
Kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig tau cuam tshuam loj rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tebchaws. Nws tau dhau los ua continental thiab ntau arid. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov nws yog kub thiab tsis muaj nag los me ntsis, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nws yog txias thiab muaj suab tsis muaj daus. Tugai hav zoov loj hlob hauv Amudarya delta. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd ntawm cov suab puam cov nroj tsuag yog dav - shrubs thiab semi-shrubs.
History of Karakalpakstan
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Karakalpakstan niaj hnub no, tib neeg tau nyob txij li Neolithic. Lub hauv paus ntawm Karakalpaks tau tsim los ntawm pab pawg neeg ntawm Pechenegs, uas nyob ntawm no ib txhij nrog Oghuz nyob ib ncig ntawm 2nd-6th centuries ntawm peb era. Lub npe tshiab ntawm cov haiv neeg no yog vim hnav lub kaus mom ua los ntawm cov yaj dub ntaub plaub.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XIV, Nogai Khanate tau tsim, uas suav nrog Karakalpaks. Tom qab ntawd nws tawg mus rau hauv ob peb hordes. Ua ke nrog Horde ntawm rau uluses, Karakalpaks tau nyob hauv thaj av Aral Hiav Txwv, thiab xyoo 1714 lawv tau tsim lawv tus kheej Karakalpak Khanate.
Tom qab txoj kevKhanate Kalmyks ib feem ntawm cov pejxeem mus rau Tashkent, thiab ib feem tseem nyob rau hauv qis dua ntawm Syr Darya. Cov Karakalpaks, uas tau nyob rau ntawm ntug dej qis ntawm tus dej, tom qab ntawd los ua tus huab tais Lavxias teb sab.
Tom ntej Karakalpakstan yog ib feem ntawm ntau lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv 1917, nws tau los ua ib feem ntawm Kazakh ASSR, ces ncaj qha subordinate rau Socialist Russia. Xyoo 1932, Kara-Kalpak ASSR tau tsim. Xyoo 1936, cov koom pheej tau los ua ib feem ntawm Uzbek SSR, tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union, Karakalpakstan tseem yog ib lub koom pheej ywj pheej nyob hauv Uzbekistan, kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus rau 20 xyoo.
Pabneeg
Kwv yees li 1.8 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv Karakalpakstan. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pej xeem hauv nroog thiab nyob deb nroog yog kwv yees li sib npaug, tab sis cov pej xeem nyob deb nroog tseem muaj ntau dua. Cov neeg coob coob ntawm Karakalpaks (kwv yees li 500 txhiab) nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Lub Koomhaum Tswjhwm uas yog ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan. Lawv tus lej tag nrho yog kwv yees li 600 txhiab. Ib feem me ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan thiab Russia.
Tus naj npawb ntawm Uzbeks thiab Karakalpaks hauv koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan yuav luag tib yam. Kazakhs yog lub tebchaws thib peb. Muaj ob hom lus hauv tebchaws hauv tebchaws: Karakalpak thiab Uzbek. Cov lus Karakalpak muaj ntau qhov sib xws nrog Kazakh, uas feem ntau ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov pejxeem. Lub ntsiab kev ntseeg yog Sunni Muslim.
Sights of the Republic
Karakalpakstan hu uaarchaeological reserve. Muaj txog cuaj qhov chaw qub txeeg qub teg ntawm no, piv txwv li, qhov chaw qub txeeg qub teg ntawm Toprak-Kala, uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li xyoo pua 1 txog rau xyoo pua AD. Lwm qhov kev sib hais haum, Dzhanpyk-Kala, muaj nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws los ntawm 9th-11th centuries.
Ntawm cov monuments ntawm archaeology yog cov qub fortresses ntawm Kyzyl-Kala, Loj Guldunsur, Dzhanbas-Kala. Cov yav tas muaj nyob ua ntej peb era thiab yog ib tug kab lis kev cai monument ntawm Khorezm. Tseem muaj ob peb qhov chaw teev hawm. Ntawm lawv yog Koikrylgan-Kala. Nws yog lub tsev cylindrical txog li 80 meters siab, uas tau siv rau kev pe hawm los ntawm Zoroastrians, tom qab ntawd nws tau ua lub teeb liab ntauwd.
Ntxiv rau qhov pom kev tsim vaj tsev, tseem muaj qhov pom kev zoo nkauj hauv tebchaws. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog Aral Hiav Txwv, uas yuav luag tag nrho hloov mus rau hauv suab puam, lub nkoj toj ntxas hauv qhov qub chaw nres nkoj ntawm Moinak, nrog rau cov suab puam Kyzylkum. Badai-Tugay thaj chaw cia nyob ze ntawm Amu Darya River.
Lub peev ntawm Karakalpakstan
Nukus nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Amu Darya River, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tebchaws. Nws tsis yog ib txwm lub nroog tseem ceeb, rau lub sijhawm ntev lub luag haujlwm no tau ua los ntawm lub nroog Turktkul. Lub peev ntawm Karakalpakstan tau hloov pauv xyoo 1933.
Lub nroog muaj txog 300 txhiab tus neeg nyob. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws. Hnub kawg ntawm nws tsim yog 1860, txawm hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau thov tias Nukus yog lub nroog nrog keeb kwm ntev dua. Kev nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub nroog muaj nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Los ntawm IV BC e. as IV n. e.muaj kev sib haum xeeb Shurcha, ua los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Khorezm Khanate.
Lub Hiav Txwv Aral yog ze heev, yog li lub nroog Nukus (Karakalpakstan) tau ntsib kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Lub peev yog nyob ib puag ncig ntawm txhua sab los ntawm cov suab puam ntawm Karakum, Kyzylkum, Aralkum thiab Ustyurt toj siab - lub suab puam tiag tiag. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub peev ntawm lub teb chaws yog surrounded los ntawm cov suab puam, Nukus yog ib lub nroog ntawm greenery thiab paj.
Sights of Nukus
Lub peev ntawm Karakalpakstan tsis muaj ntau qhov chaw nco. Tsev khaws puav pheej yog lub ntsiab attractions nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog I. Savitsky Art Tsev khaws puav pheej, nplooj siab rau Lavxias teb sab avant-garde painting ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Lub zos keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Berdakh kuj nto moo. Nws qhov kev nthuav tawm yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau yam kev tshawb fawb archaeological nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws.
Tsis deb ntawm lub nroog yog lub tsev teev ntuj Chilpyk, ua rau xyoo pua 2 AD. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm ib lub toj siab mus txog 30 meters siab, thiab muaj cov duab ntawm lub nplhaib qhib nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm kwv yees li 70 meters.
Nruab nrab Nukus thiab lub nroog Khodjeilis muaj ib qho chaw ua vaj tse nyob Mizdahkan. Nws kuj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw archaeological, raws li nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4th BC, thiab muaj mus txog rau lub xyoo pua 14th AD. Lub complex occupies txog ob puas hectares. Nws qhov chaw tseem ceeb, xws li mausoleums, nyob rau ntawm peb lub roob.
Zoo kawg
Lub hauv paus ntawm koom pheej ntawm Karakalpakstan yog cov neeg Esxias ntawm Karakalpaks. Thawj lub xeevKev tsim ntawm cov neeg no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog Karakalpak Khanate, tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. Tam sim no Karakalpakstan yog ib feem ntawm Uzbekistan. Thiab lub nroog Nukus yog nws lub nroog loj.
Ib thaj chaw loj ntawm lub tebchaws tau npog nrog cov suab puam. Ib qho ntawm lawv tau tsim los ntawm kev ziab ntawm Hiav Txwv Aral. Nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yog tam sim no cov suab puam tshiab Aralkum. Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw suab puam tsis yog tag nrho ntawm Karakalpakstan. Tib neeg tau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no txij li thaum primitive, yog li muaj ntau archaeological thiab architectural monuments. Ib txhia ntawm lawv keeb kwm ua ntej peb era.
