Lub Crimean ceg av qab teb txhua lub sijhawm, thawj zaug rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, thiab tom qab ntawd rau USSR, yog qhov chaw tsim kev lag luam hauv Hiav Txwv Dub. Kev ua haujlwm Crimean yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov tub rog liab ua ntej, thiab tib lub sijhawm, Hitler nkag siab: yog tias nws tso cov ceg av qab teb, nws yuav plam tag nrho Hiav Txwv Dub. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav tau ntev tshaj li ib hlis thiab ua rau swb ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv fascists.
Nyob uantej ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Txij thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1942 - pib xyoo 1943, qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau tshwm sim thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob: yog tias txog lub sijhawm ntawd Tub Rog Liab tau thim rov qab, tam sim no nws tau tawm tsam. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad tau dhau los ua qhov xwm txheej rau tag nrho Wehrmacht. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk tau tshwm sim, hu ua kev sib ntaus sib tua tank loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm, uas cov tub rog Soviet tawm tsam tawm tsam cov Nazis, coj lawv mus rau hauv pincers, tom qab ntawd Thib Peb Reich twb puas lawm. Cov thawj coj tau tshaj tawm rau Hitler tias txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ua phem tau dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau hais kom sawv thiab tuav txoj haujlwm mus rau qhov kawg.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Crimean tau dhau los ua qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ua tiav zoo kawg nkaus ntawm Tub Rog Liab. Tom qab lub Nizhnedneprovsk kev tawm tsam, 17th German pab tub rog raug thaiv nyob rau hauv Crimean ceg av qab teb yam tsis muaj peev xwm rov ntxiv thiab ntxiv dag zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub rog Soviet tau tswj xyuas qhov yooj yim foothold hauv cheeb tsam Kerch. Lub German siab hais kom ua dua rov nco txog qhov tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm qhov xwm txheej nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Raws li rau Crimea nws tus kheej, cov thawj coj tshwj xeeb tau hais tias yog tias tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv av, lawv nyob twj ywm rau qee qhov kev tuag nrog kev tawm tsam ntxiv. Hitler tsis xav li ntawd - nws tau muab qhov kev txiav txim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb no. Nws txhawb qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm surrendering ntawm lub Crimea, Romania thiab Bulgaria yuav tsum tsis txhob ua phooj ywg nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qhov kev txiav txim tau muab, tab sis dab tsi yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub rog zoo tib yam rau qhov kev qhia no thiab kev ua tsov rog feem ntau, thaum Crimean tiv thaiv pib rau lawv?
Kev ua tsov ua rog feem ntau tsuas yog hais txog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam thiab lawv cov tswv yim, piv txwv li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tag nrho los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, tsuas yog suav cov khoom siv tub rog thiab lub zog. ntawm cov fighters.
Meanwhile, cov kws kho mob ntseeg tias yog tias tsis txiav txim siab, ces lub luag haujlwm loj yog ua los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thiab ua li cas rau nws ob sab?
Sib ntaus ntawm cov tub rog liab
Yog tias thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm cov tub rog Soviet tau qis dua, tom qab ntawd thaum nws ua, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab Stalingrad, nws loj hlob tsis muaj kev xav. Tam sim no cov tub rog Liab tau mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nkaus xwb kom yeej. Ib sabpeb cov tub rog, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tau hardened nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua, thiab cov lus txib tau txais qhov tsim nyog kev. Tag nrho cov no ua ke ua rau peb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua cov neeg invaders.
Kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm cov tub rog German-Romanian
Thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, lub tshuab ua tsov rog German tsis paub swb. Nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li ob xyoos, lub teb chaws Yelemees tswj tau yuav luag tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe, mus txog rau ciam teb ntawm USSR. Kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm cov tub rog Wehrmacht yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv suav tias lawv tus kheej yog invincible. Thiab mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tom ntej, peb twb paub ua ntej tias nws yuav yeej.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1941, Nazis tau ntsib kev tawm tsam hnyav thawj zaug hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tawm tsam, Tub Rog Liab tau muab lawv rov qab los ntawm lub nroog ntawm qhov deb ntawm ntau tshaj 200 km. Nws yog qhov ua rau lawv txaus siab thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, rau lawv lub siab sib ntaus.
Ua raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad, Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kursk, kev tawg ntawm kev thaiv Leningrad, Crimean kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam pib. Thib peb Reich rov qab los ntawm txhua qhov chaw. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tseeb tias cov tub rog German raug kev txom nyem ib leeg, lawv tsuas nkees ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Txawm peb kho lawv li cas los lawv kuj yog tib neeg, lawv muaj tsev neeg uas lawv hlub thiab xav rov qab los tsev sai li sai tau. Lawv tsis xav tau kev tsov rog no. Morale nyob zero.
Txoj kev muaj zog ntawm ob tog. USSR
Kev Ua Haujlwm Crimean tau dhau los ua ib qho loj tshaj plaws thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau sawv cev los ntawm:
- 4th Ukrainian Front, txib los ntawm F. I. Tolbukhin. Nws muaj 51st Army nyob rau hauvcov lus txib ntawm Ya. G. Kreizer; 2nd Guards Army nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm G. F. Zakharov; 8th Air Army nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm T. T. Khryukin, raws li zoo raws li lub 19th Tank Corps, Ameslikas raws li cov lus txib ntawm I. D. Vasilyev, uas tom qab hloov los ntawm I. A. Potseluev.
- Separate Primorsky Army, subordinate rau General A. I. Eremenko, tab sis thaum lub Plaub Hlis 15, 1944, nws cov lus txib tau tso siab rau KS. Melnik, uas yog tus thawj tub rog ntawm tub rog.
- Lub Hiav Txwv Dub tau txib los ntawm Admiral Oktyabrsky F. S.
- 361st Sevastopol cais xov tooj cua.
- Azov tub rog flotilla coj los ntawm Rear Admiral Gorshkov S. G.
Txoj kev muaj zog ntawm ob tog. Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Romania
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ceg av qab teb raug ntes tau ua los ntawm 17th pab tub rog ntawm Wehrmacht. Txij li thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1944, nws cov lus txib tau tso siab rau General ntawm Infantry K. Almendinger. Cov tub rog suav nrog 7 Romanian thiab 5 German faib. Lub tsev hauv paus loj nyob hauv nroog Simferopol.
Crimean kev ua haujlwm los ntawm Wehrmacht thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1944 tau tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej. Lub tswv yim tiv thaiv thaj chaw ntawm Wehrmacht tuaj yeem muab faib ua 4 ntu:
1. North. Cov lus txib ntawm cov rog no nyob rau hauv Dzhankoy, thiab reserves kuj tseem muaj nyob rau ntawd. Ob qho kev tsim tawm tau tsom mus rau ntawm no:
- 49th Roob Corps: 50th, 111th, 336th Infantry Divisions, 279th Assault Gun Brigade;
- 3rd Romanian Cavalry Corps, suav nrog 9th Cavalry, 10th thiab 19thinfantry divisions.
2. Sab hnub poob. Tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv los ntawm Sevastopol mus rau Perekop tau saib xyuas los ntawm ob txoj haujlwm ntawm 9th Romanian Cavalry Division.
3. Sab hnub tuaj. Cov xwm txheej nthuav tawm ntawm Kerch Peninsula. Tiv thaiv ntawm no:
- 5th Army Corps (73rd thiab 98th Infantry Divisions, 191st Assault Gun Brigade);
- 6th Cavalry thiab 3rd Romanian Roob Division.
4. Sab qab teb. Tag nrho sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv los ntawm Sevastopol mus rau Feodosia tau saib xyuas thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm 1st Romanian Roob Rifle Corps.
Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog tau tsom mus rau hauv qab no: sab qaum teb kev taw qhia - 5 pawg, Kerch - 4 pawg, sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Crimea - 3 pawg.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Crimean tau pib ua tiav nrog qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev tsim tub rog.
Tus piv ntawm lub zog ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam
| Ntaus | USSR | Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Romania |
| txiv neej | 462 400 | 195,000 |
| phom thiab mortars | 5982 | About 3600 |
| Tank thiab phom tus kheej | 559 | 215 |
| Aircraft | 1250 | 148 |
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, Tub Rog Liab muaj 322 units ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog. Cov duab no qhia txog tus lej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Soviet pab tub rog. Cov lus txib Wehrmacht tau tshaj tawm qhov no rau Hitler txhawm rau tau txais kev tso cai rau kev thim rov qab ntawm cov tub rog uas tseem tshuav hauv kev thaiv.
Plans of the party
Lub tebchaws Soviet pom nyob rau hauv Crimea, thiab feem ntau hauv Sevastopol, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Dub Hiav Txwv Fleet. Nrog rau qhov tau txais cov khoom no rau nws siv, USSR Navy tuaj yeem yooj yim dua thiab ua tiav kev ua haujlwm hauv hiav txwv, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev nce qib ntawm cov tub rog ntxiv.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees kuj tau paub zoo txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Crimea rau tag nrho cov kev sib tw ntawm cov rog. Hitler nkag siab tias Crimean kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws no. Tsis tas li ntawd, Adolf feem ntau tau ceeb toom txog qhov tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov Tub Rog Liab hauv qhov kev taw qhia no. Feem ntau, nws tus kheej twb to taub qhov kev cia siab ntawm qhov xwm txheej, tab sis nws tsis muaj lwm yam kev xav. Hitler tau muab qhov kev txiav txim los tiv thaiv cov ceg av qab teb rau cov tub rog kawg, tsis muaj teeb meem yuav tsum tau muab nws rau USSR. Nws suav hais tias Crimea yog ib lub zog uas khaws cov phooj ywg zoo li Romania, Bulgaria thiab Qaib Cov Txwv ze rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab qhov kev poob ntawm qhov taw tes no yuav ua rau poob ntawm cov phooj ywg kev txhawb nqa.
Yog li, Crimea tseem ceeb heev rau cov tub rog Soviet. Rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws tseem ceeb heev.
Pib ntawm Crimean tawm tsam
Lub tswv yim ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev tawm tsam loj heev los ntawm sab qaum teb (los ntawm Sivash thiab Perekop) thiab sab hnub tuaj (los ntawm Kerch) nrog rau kev nce qib tom ntej mus rau qhov chaw tawm tswv yim - Simferopol thiab Sevastopol. Tom qab ntawd tus yeeb ncuab xav taudismembered rau hauv nyias pawg thiab puas, tiv thaiv kev khiav tawm mus rau Romania.
Plaub Hlis 3, cov tub rog Soviet, siv nws cov phom loj loj, rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 7, thaum yav tsaus ntuj, kev tshawb nrhiav hauv kev quab yuam tau ua tiav, uas tau lees paub qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog. Lub Plaub Hlis 8, Crimean kev ua haujlwm tau pib. Rau ob hnub, cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav. Yog li ntawd, tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv tau tawg los ntawm. Lub Plaub Hlis 11, 19th Panzer Corps tau ua tiav ntawm thawj zaug sim ntes Dzhankoy, yog ib lub hauv paus hauv paus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog. German thiab Romanian tsim, ntshai tsam, pib tawm ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj (los ntawm Kerch) mus rau Simferopol thiab Sevastopol.
Nyob rau tib hnub, cov tub rog Soviet tau ntes Kerch, tom qab ntawd kev nrhiav cov yeeb ncuab rov qab pib txhua qhov kev taw qhia nrog kev siv dav hlau. Lub Wehrmacht pib khiav tawm cov tub rog los ntawm hiav txwv, tab sis cov tub rog ntawm Dub Hiav Txwv Fleet tau tawm tsam cov nkoj khiav tawm, vim tias cov tub rog fascist poob 8100 tus neeg.
Lub Plaub Hlis 13, cov nroog ntawm Simferopol, Feodosia, Saki, Evpatoria tau dim. Hnub tom qab - Sudak, lwm hnub - Alushta. Kev ua haujlwm Crimean hauv Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau los txog qhov kawg. Qhov teeb meem tsuas yog nrog Sevastopol.
Partisan contribution
Ib lub ntsiab lus sib tham yog cov neeg koom siab thiab cov haujlwm hauv av ntawm Crimeans. Kev ua haujlwm Crimean, luv luv, tau los ua kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov neeg koom ua ke hauv kev ua tiav ib lub hom phiaj. Raws li kev kwv yees, muaj txog 4,000 tus neeg nyob hauv tag nrho. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv cov dej nummuaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm sab nraub qaum ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, kev sib tsoo hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau, kev thaiv kab mob tau ua rau ntawm txoj kev roob. Cov neeg koom nrog cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv Y alta, uas ua rau nyuaj heev rau kev khiav tawm ntawm cov tub rog German thiab Romanian. Ntxiv nrog rau cov dej num subversive, lub hom phiaj ntawm cov neeg koom siab yog los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev lag luam, thauj cov lag luam thiab cov nroog.
Ntawm no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev koom tes koom nrog. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 11, thaum lub sijhawm khiav tawm ntawm 17th Wehrmacht Army mus rau Sevastopol, cov neeg koom nrog tau ntes lub nroog Stary Krym, vim tias lawv tau txiav tawm txoj kev rau kev thim rov qab.
Kurt Tippelskirch, tus thawj coj ntawm Wehrmacht, tau piav qhia txog hnub kawg ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua raws li hauv qab no: cov neeg koom nrog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tag nrho tau koom tes nrog cov tub rog Soviet thiab muab kev pabcuam rau lawv.
Cua daj ntawm Sevastopol
Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 15, 1944, cov tub rog Soviet tau mus txog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb - Sevastopol. Kev npaj rau kev ua phem tau pib. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, kev ua haujlwm Odessa, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm Dnieper-Carpathian, tau ua tiav. Lub Odessa (thiab Crimean) kev ua haujlwm, thaum lub sijhawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub tau tso tawm, ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev yeej.
Thawj ob qhov kev sim mus ntes lub nroog hnub tim 19 thiab 23 ua tsis tiav. Kev sib koom ua tub rog pib, nrog rau kev muab khoom noj, roj thiab mos txwv.
Tsib Hlis 7, thaum 10:30, nrog kev txhawb nqa huab cua loj, kev tawm tsam ntawm thaj chaw fortified ntawm Sevastopol tau pib. Lub Tsib Hlis 9, Tub Rog Liab tau nkag mus hauv lub nroog los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Sevastopol yogtso tawm! Cov tub rog uas tseem tshuav Wehrmacht pib thim rov qab, tab sis ntawm Cape Khersones lawv tau dhau los ntawm 19th Panzer Corps, qhov chaw uas lawv tau txais kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum kawg, vim tias 17th Army tau swb tag nrho, thiab 21,000 cov tub rog (xws li tub ceev xwm) raug kaw. ua ke nrog ntau yam khoom siv thiab lwm yam riam phom.
Results
Lub taub hau kawg ntawm Wehrmacht hauv Right-Bank Ukraine, nyob hauv Crimea, sawv cev los ntawm 17th Army raug rhuav tshem. Ntau tshaj 100 txhiab tus tub rog German thiab Romanian tau ploj mus tsis tau. Qhov kev poob tag nrho yog 140,000 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm Wehrmacht.
Rau Tub Rog Liab, kev hem thawj rau sab qab teb ntawm sab xub ntiag tau ploj mus. Muaj kev rov qab los ntawm Sevastopol - lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Dub Hiav Txwv Fleet.
Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog USSR, tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Crimean, tau txais kev tswj hwm hauv Hiav Txwv Dub. Qhov tseeb no ua rau lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj zog ua haujlwm yav dhau los hauv Bulgaria, Romania thiab Qaib Cov Txwv.
Txoj kev nyuaj siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX - Great Patriotic War. Kev ua haujlwm Crimean, zoo li tag nrho lwm tus, muaj qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tawm tsam thiab cov tswv yim, tab sis vim yog cov kev sib tsoo no, ntau pua, txhiab, thiab qee zaum ntau lab ntawm peb cov pej xeem tuag. Lub Crimean kev tawm tsam yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb uas tau tsim los ntawm Soviet cov lus txib. Lub teb chaws Yelemees xav tau nyob rau hauv 1941-1942. 250 hnub los ntes Sevastopol. Cov tub rog Soviet muaj 35 hnub los tso tawm tag nrho Crimean ceg av qab teb, 5 ntawm qhov ntawdyuav tsum tau cua daj cua dub Sevastopol. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiav, cov xwm txheej zoo tau tsim rau kev ua ntej ntawm Soviet cov tub rog mus rau Balkan Peninsula.
