Nyob rau thaj tsam loj ntawm North America thiab Eurasia yog cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntsuab no nyob rau hauv thaj chaw temperate geographic ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Cov npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas cov hav zoov no nplua nuj suav nrog ntoo thuv thiab spruce, maple thiab linden, ntoo qhib thiab tshauv, hornbeam thiab beech.
Cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm roe mos lwj thiab cov bears xim av, elk thiab mos lwj liab, ferrets thiab martens, squirrels thiab beavers, wild boars thiab hma, hares thiab chipmunks, thiab ntau yam nas zoo li. nas. Cov noog uas xav txog cov tsiaj loj no lawv lub tsev yog storks thiab cuckoos, owls thiab capercaillie, hazel grouses thiab geese, ducks thiab owls. Hauv cov pas dej thiab cov dej ntws ntawm thaj chaw hav zoov no, feem ntau pom cyprinids. Qee lub sij hawm kuj pom salmon.
Cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav tau cuam tshuam ntau heev los ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Txij thaum ancient sij hawm, tib neeg pib txiav lawv, hloov lawv nrog teb.
Woodlands ntawm North America thiab Western Europe
thaj chaw ntawm cov hav zoov coniferous muaj nws ciam teb yav qab teb. Nws yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Eurasia thiab hauv cheeb tsam ntawm North American Great Lakes. Nws cov kev tswj xyuas yog txog rau caum degrees sab qaum teb latitude. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub cim no, nrog rau hom coniferous, broad-leaved hom muaj nyob rau hauv hav zoov. Tib lub sijhawm, cov ntoo hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb tau sawv cev los ntawm lawv hom sib txawv.
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav yog sov dua li thaj tsam coniferous. Lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no ntev dua nyob rau sab qaum teb, tab sis lub caij ntuj no txias heev thiab daus. Cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav no yog cov nroj tsuag dav dav.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, cov ntoo deciduous poob lawv lub hau, ua rau tsim cov humus. Cov dej noo nruab nrab txhawb nqa cov pob zeb hauv av thiab cov organic hauv cov txheej av saum toj.
Thaj chaw hloov pauv, ntawm thaj chaw uas cov hav zoov sib xyaw nyob, yog qhov sib txawv. Hauv kev tsim cov nroj tsuag hauv cov huab cua loj, cov xwm txheej hauv zos, nrog rau hom pob zeb hauv av, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Sweden, nrog rau hauv cov xeev B altic, thaj chaw loj yog nyob hauv hav zoov nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hav zoov ntshiab spruce. Lawv loj hlob ntawm moraine loamy av.
Nyob rau sab qab teb, cov tsiaj txhu poob tawm ntawm hav zoov sawv. Hav zoov tsuas yog ua dav dav. Hauv cov cheeb tsam no, qhov kub ntawm lub Ib Hlis, qhov nruab nrab, tsis poob qisrho tawm kaum, thiab lub Xya hli ntuj daim duab no yog kaum peb-peb caug-peb degrees ntawm tshav kub.
Ntsuab nroj tsuag hauv North America thiab Western Europe
Nws nyuaj rau kos ib txoj kab meej ntawm cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav. Conifers tuaj yeem pom nyob deb ntawm sab qab teb, mus txog thaj tsam subtropical. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txiav cov ntoo deciduous tau ua ntau dua. Qhov no ua rau muaj feem ntau ntawm conifers.
Nroj tsuag sib xyaw thiab dav-tawm hav zoov muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau sab qab teb, magnolias, paulownias thiab tsob ntoo tulip nkag mus rau lawv thaj chaw los ntawm subtropics. Rhododendron thiab xyoob tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv undergrowth ib sab ntawm lilac thiab honeysuckle. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog creepers los ntawm qus grapes, lemongrass, thiab lwm yam.
Hloov ntawm Russia
Nyob rau hauv cov latitudes qhov twg taiga stretches nws sab qab teb ciam teb, sib xyaw thiab dav-leaved hav zoov los rau hauv lawv tus kheej. Lawv thaj chaw txuas mus rau hav zoov-steppes. Thaj chaw uas cov tsiaj loj ntsuab nyob, muaj cov ntoo sib xyaw thiab cov kab dav dav, nyob ntawm thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm Russia mus rau qhov chaw uas Oka ntws mus rau hauv Volga.
Kev nyab xeeb uas yog ib txwm rau cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab deciduous ntawm Russia
Tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw ntsuab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic, uas txiav txim siab huab cua ntawm nws thaj chaw. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab dav-leaved forests ntawm Russia yog nruab nrab sov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog mos heev. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj chaw no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo coniferous nrog rau cov ntoo dav dav. Ntawm cov latitudes no muajsov lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij ntuj no txias heev.
Cov huab cua kub ntawm cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav-tawm thaum lub caij sov sov muaj qhov nruab nrab tshaj kaum degrees. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm high humidity. Thaum lub sij hawm sov, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm nag los kuj poob (nrog rau 600 mus rau 800 millimeters). Cov xwm txheej no cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo dav dav.
Reservoir
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav-tawm ntawm Lavxias Federation, cov dej ntws siab tuaj, txoj hauv kev uas dhau los ntawm East European Plain. Lawv cov npe suav nrog Dnieper, nrog rau Volga, Western Dvina, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tshwm sim ntawm cov dej saum npoo av hauv cheeb tsam no yog ze rau cov txheej txheem ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov tseeb no, nrog rau cov toj roob hauv pes dissected ntawm lub nyem thiab muaj av nplaum-xuab zeb deposits nyiam qhov tshwm sim ntawm pas dej thiab swamps.
Ntsuab
Nyob rau thaj tsam Europe ntawm Russia, cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav-ntev yog qhov sib txawv. Oak thiab linden, tshauv thiab elm yog dav nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm cheeb tsam. Tsiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj, qhov continentality ntawm huab cua nce. Muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm thaj tsam yav qab teb ntawm thaj chaw mus rau sab qaum teb, thiab tib lub sijhawm, fir thiab spruce tau dhau los ua hom ntoo tshaj plaws. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm hom kab dav dav yog txo qis. Hauv thaj tsam sab hnub tuaj, linden feem ntau pom. Cov ntoo no tsim qib thib ob hauv thaj chaw sib xyaw hav zoov. ATundergrowth txhim kho zoo nyob rau hauv xws li ib cheeb tsam. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag xws li hazel, euonymus, thiab honeysuckle. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub low-lying nyom cover, taiga cog hom loj hlob - majnik thiab oxalis.
Cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo sib xyaw thiab dav dav hloov pauv thaum koj tsiv mus rau sab qab teb. Qhov no yog vim huab cua hloov pauv, uas ua kom sov. Hauv cov cheeb tsam no, cov nag lossis daus yog ze rau tus nqi evaporation. Cov cheeb tsam no yog dominated los ntawm deciduous forests. Coniferous ntoo hom tau dhau los ua qhov tsis tshua muaj. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov hav zoov no yog cov ntoo qhib thiab linden.
Cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov hav zoov ntsuab no nplua nuj nyob hauv hav dej nyab thiab toj roob hauv pes meadows, uas nyob rau hauv cov txheej av alluvial. Tseem muaj swamps. Ntawm lawv, cov neeg dag thiab cov kev hloov pauv hloov tau muaj feem ntau.
Nyob ntiaj teb
Cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav hauv yav tas los muaj tsiaj qus thiab noog. Tam sim no cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov fauna tau raug thawb ib sab los ntawm tus txiv neej mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj neeg tsawg tshaj plaws lossis raug tshem tawm tag nrho. Txhawm rau khaws lossis kho ib hom tsiaj, muaj cov tshwj xeeb tsim tshwj xeeb. Cov tsiaj uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav yog cov dub polecat, bison, elk, beaver, thiab lwm yam. Cov tsiaj nyob hauv Eurasia yog ze rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov tsiaj uas nws nyob yog thaj tsam European. Cov no yog mos lwj thiab mos lwj, marten thiab mink, muskrat thiab dormouse.
Sika mos lwj thiab mos lwj, nrog rau muskrat, tau acclimatized hauv cheeb tsam no. Hauv hav zoov sib xyaw thiab dav dav, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nab thiab lizard agile.
Human activity
Sib xyaw thiab dav-tawm hav zoov ntawm Russia muaj cov ntoo loj heev. Lawv lub plab yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab cov dej ntws muaj colossal reserves ntawm lub zog. Cov cheeb tsam no tau mastered los ntawm cov txiv neej tau ntev. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain. Ntawm nws thaj chaw, thaj chaw tseem ceeb tau faib rau kev yug nyuj thiab ua liaj ua teb. Txhawm rau khaws cov hav zoov, cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws tau tsim. Reserves thiab xwm reserves kuj qhib.
