Tsis zoo li feem ntau hom lus hauv ntiaj teb, cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic tau sau ua "ligature", sib txuas ua ke hauv ib lo lus. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias cov ntawv sau los ntawm tes lossis ntaus ntawv. Lwm qhov tshwj xeeb uas cov neeg pib kawm lus Arabic tsis tau siv tam sim ntawd yog sau cov ntawv los ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug. Cia peb saib cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau thiab sau cov ntawv ntawm cov lus Arabic.
Cov ntsiab cai dav dav ntawm cov lus Arabic
Tsuas yog Kauleethaus, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb, cov menyuam yaus thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev kawm yog sau siv cov lus, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus yog sau tsis muaj vowels. Yog li ntawd, thaum sau cov ntawv sau, cov ntawv Arabic tsis tau txhais, tab sis sau raws li nws yuav tsum tau hais. Ua ntej pib sau ib daim ntawv sau tseg, lub suab yog nkag mus rau hauv cov lus thiab kab lus.
Thaum sau cov ntawv nrog vowels, damma, fatha thiab kyasra (vowel signs), shadda (ob npaug kos npe) thiab tanvin (tsawg heev thiab yog ib tug nunation kos npe) feem ntau siv.
Qee zaum koj tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntawv sukun (kos npeqhov tsis muaj lub suab) thiab waslu (ib qho cim ntawm qhov tsis muaj glottal nres), thiab hamza (cais ob lub suab ntawm ib leeg).
Cov ntsiab lus sau npe
Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub suab tshwj xeeb (pharyngeal, emphatic, interdental), uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv European hom lus, ua rau nyuaj heev rau txoj haujlwm rau tus neeg uas tab tom sim txhais cov ntawv Arabic rau hauv cov ntawv sau. Tom qab tag nrho, lub suab no tsuas yog kis tau los ntawm kwv yees li.
Hnub no, muaj ob hom kev sau ntawv. Kev Tshawb Fawb - nrog rau qhov tseeb tshaj plaws, thiab siv tau, uas tso cai rau koj los kwv yees li cas cov ntawv Arabic tau hais. Kev txhais lus, lossis theej, kev txhais lus yog nqa tawm siv cov cim ntawm Lavxias lossis Latin cov tsiaj ntawv. Cov ntawv sau nto moo tshaj plaws, ob qho tib si siv tau thiab kev tshawb fawb, tau tsim los ntawm Arabists Krachkovsky thiab Yushmanov.
Ntawv
Cov tsiaj ntawv los ntawm Phoenicians mus rau Arabs. Nws suav nrog tsis yog tag nrho lawv cov ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov duab sawv cev ntawm cov suab tshwj xeeb rau ib hom lus. Cov no yog cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic xws li "sa" (zoo ib yam li cov lus Askiv soft interdental th), "ha" (lub suab exhalation zoo ib yam li tus dev ua thaum ua pa), "zal" (lub suab nrov uas yuav tshwm sim yog tias koj tso. qhov kawg ntawm tus nplaig ntawm cov hniav thiab hais "sa"), "dad" (nws yuav tig tawm yog tias koj hais lub suab "d" thiab tib lub sijhawm rub koj tus nplaig rov qab thiab qis dua koj lub puab tsaig), "rau" (lub suab emphatic zoo ib yam li "z", tab sis tau hais thaum tus nplaig rub rov qab thiab poob me ntsislub puab tsaig qis), "tau" (zoo ib yam li lub suab rau Fabkis txoj "p").
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias txhua tus tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic yog cov lus. Txhawm rau xaiv cov vowels, tshwj xeeb superscript lossis subscript vowels, uas qhia cov suab "thiab", "y" thiab "a".
Tab sis yog koj mloog tus neeg uas hais lus Arabic, ces lwm tus neeg yuav hnov. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov suab sib txawv hauv cov suab consonant. Nyob ntawm tus neeg txhais lus, lub suab npe yuav suab zoo li "e" (feem ntau), thiab hauv cov suab lus diphthong thiab nrog cov lus nyuaj nws tau txais lub suab "o"-puab. Nrog rau "sukun" kos npe, nws twb tau hais nrog lub suab "e".
Lub npe vowel "thiab" tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau "s" nrog cov lus nyuaj, tab sis tus suab "y" tsis tshua hloov nws lub suab mus rau lwm yam hauv classical Arabic, tab sis hauv qee cov lus muaj kev hloov mus rau lub suab " o"
Puas muaj pes tsawg tus tsiaj ntawv hauv cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic? Muaj 28 tus ntawm lawv thiab lawv tag nrho cov consonants (tshwj tsis yog thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv - "alif"). Ib tsab ntawv yeej ib txwm piv rau ib lub suab. Piv txwv li, tsab ntawv "ba" (qhov thib ob hauv cov tsiaj ntawv) tau hais zoo li lub suab nyuaj "b" hauv lo lus "ram", tab sis thaum kawg ntawm lo lus nws yeej tsis xav tsis thoob (hauv Lavxias teb sab ntoo qhib yog hais zoo li " dup", hauv Arabic qhov no yuav tsis tshwm sim).
Spelling nta
Arabic ntawv yog qhov nyuaj rau sau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pib tshiab. Los ntawm txoj kev, "ligature" yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm Arabs, tab sis kuj los ntawm ib coCov neeg Turkic, nrog rau cov neeg uas hais lus Pashto lossis Urdu. Kev sau ntawv nruj me ntsis ntawm sab xis mus rau sab laug.
txheej txheem sau ntawv nws tus kheej zoo li no:
- Ua ntej, ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau, thaum sau tus cwj mem tsis tas yuav rub tawm ntawm daim ntawv.
- Tom ntej no, cov khoom tau ntxiv uas suav nrog hauv cov duab ntawm tsab ntawv, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem sau lawv yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov no suav nrog cov dots, cov kav dej, thiab cov hlais.
- Yog xav tau, npaj lub suab.
Kev sau ntawv ntawm txhua tsab ntawv nyob ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob hauv lo lus. Cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic feem ntau muaj plaub hom qauv (sib cais, thaum pib lossis thaum kawg ntawm ib lo lus, nruab nrab). Qhov kev zam tsuas yog hais txog 6 tsab ntawv: "alif", uas ib txwm sau cais, nrog rau "dal", "zal", "ra", "zayn" thiab "vav", uas tsis suav nrog cov cim tom qab lawv.
Ntau zaus, ntau tus neeg uas pib kawm Arabic nyeem cov lus hauv kev txhais lus. Thiab qhov no yog qhov yuam kev loj. Txhawm rau hais lus Arabic kom raug, koj yuav tsum pib los ntawm kev kawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov lus hais ntawm txhua tsab ntawv. Tsuas yog tau paub cov tsiaj ntawv zoo, koj tuaj yeem mus rau kev hais lus ntawm cov lus thiab kev tsim cov kab lus.
