keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev pib txij li lub sijhawm thaum, kaum xyoo ua ntej pib lub sijhawm tshiab, ntau pawg neeg Slavic tau pib nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm East European Plain. Lawv tau koom nrog kev yos hav zoov, nuv ntses thiab ua liaj ua teb. Cov neeg uas nyob hauv lub roob moj sab qhua tau koom ua liaj ua teb.
Leej twg yog cov Slavs
Lo lus "Slavs" yog hais txog ib pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg uas muaj ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab cov uas hais ntau yam lus uas hu ua Slavic languages (txhua yam yog tsev neeg Indo-European lus). Me ntsis paub txog cov Slavs ua ntej lawv hais hauv Byzantine cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua 6 AD. e., thaum feem ntau ntawm qhov peb paub txog lawv txog lub sijhawm ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais los ntawm kev tshawb fawb archaeological thiab linguistic.
chaw nyob loj
Cov pab pawg neeg Slavic pib tsim thaj chaw tshiab hauv VI-VIII centuries. Cov pab pawg diverged raws peb txoj kab tseem ceeb.destinations:
- sab qab teb - Balkan Peninsula,
- western - nruab nrab ntawm Oder thiab Elbe,
- sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb Europe.
Eastern Slavs yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no xws li Russians, Ukrainians thiab Belarusians. Cov ancient Slavs yog pagans. Lawv muaj lawv tus kheej deities, lawv ntseeg hais tias muaj kev phem thiab zoo ntsuj plig uas muaj ntau yam ntuj tsim muaj zog: Yarilo - lub hnub, Perun - xob quaj thiab xob laim, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum cov Eastern Slavs tshawb txog East European Plain, muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov qauv kev sib raug zoo - pawg neeg koom siab tau tshwm sim, uas tom qab ntawd los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub xeev yav tom ntej.
Ancient neeg nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia
Cov neeg laus tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb ntawm Eurasia yog cov neeg yos hav zoov Neolithic ntawm cov tsiaj qus reindeer. Cov pov thawj archaeological ntawm lawv lub neej muaj hnub rov qab mus rau 5 xyoo txhiab BC. Kev cog qoob loo me me tau ntseeg tias tau tsim kho sai li 2,000 xyoo dhau los.
Nyob rau hauv lub 9th-10th centuries, lub Varangians (Vikings) tswj lub hauv paus thiab cov dej loj ntawm sab hnub tuaj ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Russia. East Slavic pab pawg nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob. Cov Khazars, cov neeg Turkic, tswj thaj tsam sab qab teb nruab nrab.
Raws rov qab li 2,000 BC. e., ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb thiab nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Moscow, thiab nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj, nyob rau hauv lub Ural cheeb tsam, muaj nyob cov pab pawg neeg uas loj hlob nyoos nplej. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, cov pab pawg ntawm thaj chaw niaj hnub Ukraine kuj tau koom nrog kev ua liaj ua teb.
Kev faib tawmAncient Russian pab pawg
Ntau haiv neeg maj mam tsiv mus rau qhov tam sim no sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia. Sab hnub tuaj Slavs tseem nyob hauv thaj chaw no thiab maj mam dhau los ua tus thawj. Cov pab pawg neeg Slavic thaum ub ntawm Ancient Russia yog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab beekeepers, nrog rau cov neeg yos hav zoov, cov neeg nuv ntses, cov neeg yug yaj thiab cov neeg yos hav zoov. Los ntawm 600, cov Slavs tau dhau los ua pawg neeg tseem ceeb hauv East European Plain.
Slavic xeev
Cov Slavs tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Goths los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Sweden thiab Huns los ntawm Central Asia nyob rau hauv 3rd thiab 4th centuries. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th lawv tau tsim cov zos raws tag nrho cov dej loj nyob rau hauv tam sim no sab hnub tuaj Russia. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov Slavs nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub Viking kingdoms nyob rau hauv Scandinavia, lub Holy Roman faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, lub Byzantines nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv, thiab lub Mongol thiab Turkish pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv Central Asia.
Kievan Rus tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 9th. Lub xeev no muaj kev nyuaj thiab feem ntau tsis ruaj khov kev nom kev tswv. Lub xeev tau vam meej mus txog rau xyoo pua 13th, ua ntej nws thaj chaw tau txo qis. Ntawm qhov kev ua tiav tshwj xeeb ntawm Kievan Rus yog kev qhia txog Orthodoxy thiab kev sib txuas ntawm Byzantine thiab Slavic kab lis kev cai. Lub disintegration ntawm Kievan Rus ua lub luag hauj lwm txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm Eastern Slavs mus rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian thiab Belarusian haiv neeg.
Slavic pab pawg
Slavs muab faib ua peb pawg:
- Western Slavs (tsuas yog Poles, Czechs thiab Slovaks);
- South Slavs (feem ntau pab pawg neeg los ntawm Bulgaria thiab yav tas los Yugoslavia);
- East Slavic pab pawg (feem ntau Russians, Ukrainians thiab Belarusians).
Eastern ceg ntawm cov Slavs suav nrog ntau pab pawg. Cov npe ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Ancient Russia suav nrog:
- Vyatichi;
- Buzhan (Volhynians);
- Drevlyane;
- Dregovichi;
- Dulebov;
- Krivichi;
- polochan;
- meadow;
- Radimic;
- Slovenian;
- Tivertsev;
- street;
- peppy;
- Vislyan;
- zlichan;
- lusatian;
- lutices;
Pomeranian.
keeb kwm ntawm Slavs
Me ntsis paub txog keeb kwm ntawm Slavs. Lawv nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm sab hnub tuaj nruab nrab Tebchaws Europe hauv lub sijhawm prehistoric thiab maj mam mus txog lawv qhov txwv tam sim no. Cov Pagan Slavic pab pawg ntawm Old Russia tau tsiv tawm ntawm qhov tam sim no Russia mus rau sab qab teb Balkans tshaj 1,000 xyoo dhau los thiab tau tuav cov ntseeg cov zej zog uas tsim los ntawm Roman colonists.
Philologists thiab archaeologists hais tias cov Slavs nyob hauv Carpathians thiab hauv cheeb tsam ntawm niaj hnub Belarus ntev dhau los. Los ntawm 600, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev faib lus, sab qab teb, sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj tuaj. Sab hnub tuaj Slavs nyob ntawm tus dej Dnieper nyob rau hauv tam sim no Ukraine. Tom qab ntawd lawv kis mus rau sab qaum teb mus rau sab qaum teb Volga hav, sab hnub tuaj ntawm Moscow niaj hnub, thiab sab hnub poob mus rau sab qaum teb Dniester thiab Western Bug basins, mus rau thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Moldova thiab rau yav qab teb Ukraine.
Tom qab cov Slavs tau txais kev ntseeg Vajtswv. Cov pab pawg notau tawg ri niab nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam loj thiab raug kev txom nyem los ntawm invasion ntawm nomadic pab pawg neeg: cov Huns, Mongols thiab Turks. Thawj lub xeev Slavic loj yog Western Bulgarian xeev (680-1018) thiab Moravia (pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 9). Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 9th, lub xeev Kievan tau tsim.
qub Lavxias teb sab mythology
Cov ntaub ntawv dab neeg tsawg tsawg tau muaj sia nyob: ua ntej 9th-10th centuries. n. e. Kev sau ntawv tseem tsis tau nthuav dav ntawm cov pab pawg Slavic.
Ib tug vajtswv tseem ceeb ntawm Slavic pab pawg neeg ntawm Ancient Russia yog Perun, uas yog txuam nrog tus vajtswv ntawm B alts Perkuno, nrog rau Norse vajtswv Thor. Zoo li cov deities, Perun yog tus vajtswv ntawm xob quaj, tus vajtswv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov pab pawg neeg Lavxias thaum ub. Tus vaj tswv ntawm cov hluas thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, Yarilo, thiab tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev hlub, Lada, kuj nyob hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov vajtswv. Ob leeg yog cov vajtswv uas tau tuag thiab tau sawv rov los txhua xyoo, uas yog txuam nrog kev xav ntawm fertility. Cov Slavs kuj muaj tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm lub caij ntuj no thiab kev tuag - Morena, tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav - Lelya, tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm lub caij ntuj sov - ciaj sia, cov vajtswv ntawm kev hlub - Lel thiab Polel, thawj yog tus vajtswv ntawm kev hlub thaum ntxov, tus thib ob yog vajtswv. ntawm txoj kev hlub loj thiab tsev neeg.
kab lis kev cai ntawm pawg neeg ntawm Ancient Russia
Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub Nyoog thaum ntxov, cov Slavs nyob hauv ib thaj chaw loj, uas ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm ntau lub xeev Slavic ywj pheej. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum BC. e. muaj ib tug txheej txheem ntawm gradual kab lis kev cai divergence uas ua rau kom muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws tab sis kev sib koom lus tshwj xeeb cais raws li ib feem ntawm Slavic ceg ntawm Indo-European lus tsev neeg.
Tam sim noMuaj ntau hom lus Slavic, tshwj xeeb, Bulgarian, Czech, Croatian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Lavxias thiab ntau lwm tus. Lawv raug faib los ntawm nruab nrab thiab sab hnub tuaj Europe mus rau Russia.
Qhia txog kab lis kev cai ntawm East Slavic pab pawg neeg ntawm Ancient Russia nyob rau hauv lub VI-IX centuries. muaj tsawg heev. Yeej, lawv tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg tom qab ntawm cov lus dab neeg, sawv cev los ntawm cov lus pov thawj thiab cov lus hais, riddles thiab fairy tales, zaj nkauj ua haujlwm thiab lus dab neeg, dab neeg.
Cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Ancient Russia muaj qee yam kev paub txog xwm. Piv txwv li, ua tsaug rau kev ua liaj ua teb slash-thiab-burn, East Slavic daim ntawv qhia hnub ua liaj ua teb tau tshwm sim, muab faib raws li kev ua liaj ua teb mus rau hauv lub hli lunar. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pab pawg neeg Slavic nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Ancient Russia muaj kev paub txog tsiaj, hlau, nquag tsim kev kos duab.
