History of watches. Keeb kwm ntawm invention ntawm watches

Cov txheej txheem:

History of watches. Keeb kwm ntawm invention ntawm watches
History of watches. Keeb kwm ntawm invention ntawm watches
Anonim

thawj kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm yog astronomy. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ancient observatories tau siv rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev cai dab qhuas rites. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tes ua, nws tau los ua qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas lub sijhawm luv luv. Yog li ntawd, noob neej tau tuaj rau qhov kev tsim ntawm lub moos. Cov txheej txheem tau ntev, puv nrog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm lub siab zoo tshaj plaws.

Keeb kwm ntawm watches rov qab mus ntau centuries, nws yog qhov qub tshaj plaws invention ntawm noob neej. Los ntawm ib tug pas daig nyob rau hauv av mus rau ib tug ultra-precise chronometer - ib tug taug kev ntawm ntau pua tiam neeg. Yog hais tias peb teev cov kev ua tiav ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej, ces nyob rau hauv lub npe "zoo inventions" lub moos yuav nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw tom qab lub log.

Muaj ib lub sijhawm uas daim ntawv qhia hnub txaus rau tib neeg. Tab sis cov khoom siv tes ua tau tshwm sim, yuav tsum tau kho lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Nws siv sij hawm, lub hom phiaj yog los ntsuas lub sij hawm luv luv dua ib hnub. Rau qhov no, txiv neej tau siv ntau yam txheej txheem lub cev rau ntau pua xyoo. Cov kev tsim kho uas siv lawv kuj raug coj mus.

Keeb kwm ntawm watches muab faib ua oblub sijhawm loj. Thawj yog ob peb txhiab xyoo ntev, qhov thib ob yog tsawg dua ib.

1. Keeb kwm ntawm lub moos, hu ua qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Cov pawg no suav nrog cov hnub ci, dej, hluav taws thiab cov khoom siv xuab zeb. Lub sij hawm xaus nrog txoj kev kawm ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab moos ntawm lub sij hawm pendulum. Cov no yog medieval chimes.

2. Cov keeb kwm tshiab ntawm watches, pib nrog kev tsim ntawm lub pendulum thiab tshuav nyiaj li cas, uas tau cim qhov pib ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm classical oscillatory chronometry. Lub sijhawm no tseem tsis tau tas.

Sundial

Nkauj qub qub qub uas tau nqis los rau peb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog keeb kwm ntawm lub sundial uas qhib lub parade ntawm cov inventions zoo nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm chronometry. Txawm hais tias lawv qhov yooj yim yooj yim, lawv tau txawv los ntawm ntau hom qauv.

Lub hnub ci yog ua raws li qhov pom tseeb ntawm lub hnub txhua hnub. Lub countdown yog raws li tus duab ntxoov ntxoo cam los ntawm lub axis. Lawv siv tau tsuas yog nyob rau hnub tshav ntuj. Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo rau qhov no. Kev faib loj tshaj plaws ntawm ntug dej ntawm Nile tau txais lub hnub ci, uas muaj daim ntawv ntawm obelisks. Lawv raug ntsia ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev. Ib tug gnomon nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ntsug obelisk thiab ib tug scale cim nyob rau hauv av - qhov no yog dab tsi lub ancient sundial zoo li. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog ib qho ntawm lawv. Ib qho ntawm cov Egyptian obelisks thauj mus rau Tebchaws Europe tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no. Tam sim no ib tug 34-meter-siab gnomon tam sim no sawv hauv ib qho ntawm cov squares hauv Rome.

daim duab sundial
daim duab sundial

Lub hnub qub qub tau muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lawv paub txog nws, tab sis nrog nws mus ntev. Nyob rau hauv lub caij sib txawv, uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij ntuj no, lub sij hawm ntawm teev tsis yog tib yam. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum lub agrarian system thiab handicraft kev sib raug zoo dominated, tsis muaj yuav tsum tau rau ib tug raug ntsuas ntawm lub sij hawm. Yog li ntawd, lub hnub ci tau ua tiav tiav mus txog rau thaum Nrab Hnub nyoog lig.

Lub gnomon tau hloov los ntawm kev tsim qauv zoo dua. Kev txhim kho sundials, uas qhov kev tsis txaus no raug tshem tawm, muaj cov nplai nkhaus. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev txhim kho no, ntau yam versions tau siv. Yog li, nyob teb chaws Europe, phab ntsa thiab qhov rais sundials tau tshwm sim.

Kev txhim kho ntxiv tau tshwm sim hauv 1431. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv orienting tus duab ntxoov ntxoo xub thaum uas tig mus rau lub ntiaj teb axis. Xws li ib tug xub hu ua semiaxis. Tam sim no tus duab ntxoov ntxoo, tig ib ncig ntawm ib nrab-axis, txav uniformly, tig 15 ° ib teev. Xws li tus qauv tsim ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub hnub ci uas muaj tseeb txaus rau nws lub sijhawm. Daim duab qhia ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej no khaws cia hauv Suav teb.

saib keeb kwm
saib keeb kwm

Rau qhov kev teeb tsa kom raug, lawv pib muab cov qauv nrog lub ntsuas ntsuas. Nws tau los siv lub moos nyob txhua qhov chaw. Nws muaj peev xwm ua tau txawm tias portable qauv. Txij li thaum xyoo 1445, lub hnub qub tau pib ua hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hollow hemisphere, nruab nrog ib tug xub, tus duab ntxoov ntxoo uas poob rau ntawm sab hauv.

Tshawb nrhiav lwm txoj

Txawm hais tias lub sundials tau yooj yim thiab raug, lawv muaj lub hom phiaj loj. Lawv nyob ntawm huab cua, thiab lawv txoj haujlwm tau txwv rau ib feemhnub ntawm hnub sawv thiab hnub poob. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev, cov kws tshawb fawb tau nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev los ntsuas lub sijhawm luv. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev txav ntawm cov hnub qub thiab cov ntiaj chaw.

Tshawb nrhiav coj mus rau kev tsim cov qauv siv sijhawm. Piv txwv li, nws yog lub sijhawm xav tau rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom ntws los yog hlawv.

Cov watches yooj yim tshaj plaws tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus no tau los ntev hauv kev txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov qauv tsim, yog li paving txoj hauv kev rau kev tsim cov watches tsis yog siv tshuab xwb, tab sis kuj automation devices.

Clepsydra

Lub npe "clepsydra" tau daig tom qab lub moos dej, yog li muaj kev nkag siab yuam kev uas nws tau tsim thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Greece. Hauv kev muaj tiag nws tsis yog li ntawd. Qhov qub tshaj plaws, tseem ceeb heev clepsydra tau pom nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Amun nyob rau hauv Phoebe thiab khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cairo.

Thaum tsim lub moos dej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov txo qis hauv cov dej hauv lub nkoj thaum nws ntws los ntawm qhov ntsuas hauv qab. Qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev muab lub nkoj zoo li lub khob hliav qab, tapering ze rau hauv qab. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog uas ib txwm piav qhia txog tus nqi ntawm cov kua dej tawm nyob ntawm nws qib thiab cov duab ntawm lub thawv tau txais. Ua ntej no, cov duab ntawm lub nkoj rau lub moos dej tau xaiv empirically. Piv txwv li, Egyptian clepsydra, tau tham saum toj no, tau muab ib qho kev txo qis hauv qib. Txawm tias muaj qee qhov yuam kev.

Vim tias clepsydra tsis nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm hnub thiab huab cua, nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tas mus lisij hawm ntsuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov xav tau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov cuab yeej, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau lub zog, muab qhov chaw rau cov neeg tsim qauv ya lawv cov kev xav. Yog li, clepsydras ntawm Arab keeb kwm yog tej hauj lwm ntawm kos duab ua ke nrog siab functionality. Lawv tau nruab nrog ntxiv hydraulic thiab pneumatic mechanisms: lub sijhawm hnov suab, lub teeb pom kev hmo ntuj.

keeb kwm ntawm watches
keeb kwm ntawm watches

Tsis muaj ntau lub npe ntawm cov neeg tsim lub moos dej tau raug khaws cia hauv keeb kwm. Lawv tau tsim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj thiab Is Nrias teb. Peb tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib tug kws kho tsheb Greek hu ua Ctesibius ntawm Alexandria, uas nyob 150 xyoo ua ntej lub sijhawm tshiab. Hauv clepsydra, Ctesibius siv lub zog, kev txhim kho theoretical uas tau ua los ntawm Aristotle.

Fire watch

pab pawg no tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th. Thawj lub sijhawm tua hluav taws yog cov tswm ciab nyias mus txog 1 meter siab nrog cov cim siv rau lawv. Qee lub sij hawm qee qhov kev sib faib tau nruab nrog cov pins hlau, uas, ntog ntawm ib lub hlau sawv ntsug thaum cov ntaub nplaum hlawv ib ncig ntawm lawv, ua rau lub suab txawv. Cov khoom siv zoo li no tau ua tus qauv ntawm lub tswb moos.

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov iav pob tshab, lub moos hluav taws tau hloov mus rau hauv lub teeb icon. Ib nplai tau siv rau ntawm phab ntsa, raws li cov roj hlawv tawm, lub sijhawm txiav txim siab.

Cov khoom siv dav dav tshaj plaws yog nyob hauv Suav teb. Nrog rau lub cim teeb, lwm hom hluav taws kub muaj nyob hauv lub tebchaws no - wick moos. Koj hais tautias nws yog ceg ntoo tuag.

Hourglass

Thaum yug los tsis paub tseeb. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas tuaj yeem hais tau tseeb yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ntej kev tsim iav.

Hourglass yog ob lub khob iav pob tshab. Los ntawm lub caj dab txuas, cov ntsiab lus yog nchuav los ntawm lub khob ntim rau hauv qis dua. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, koj tseem tuaj yeem ntsib lub moos moos. Daim duab qhia ib qho ntawm cov qauv, stylized antique.

teev teev yees duab
teev teev yees duab

Medieval craftsmen nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej dai kom zoo nkauj lub moos nrog zoo nkauj décor. Lawv tau siv tsis tau tsuas yog los ntsuas lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj yog kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm ntau cov nom tswv thiab cov nom tswv ib tug yuav pom luxurious hourglasses. Daim duab qhia ib qho ntawm cov qauv no.

saib keeb kwm
saib keeb kwm

Lub moos moos tau tuaj rau Tebchaws Europe lig lig - thaum kawg ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, tab sis lawv qhov kev faib tawm sai heev. Vim lawv qhov yooj yim, muaj peev xwm siv tau txhua lub sijhawm, lawv tau nrov heev.

Ib qho tsis txaus ntawm lub moos moos yog qhov luv luv ntawm lub sijhawm ntsuas yam tsis tig nws. Cassettes ua los ntawm lawv tsis tau cag. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov qauv zoo li no tau qeeb los ntawm lawv qhov raug qis, nrog rau kev hnav thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev. Nws tshwm sim raws li nram no. Lub qhov calibrated nyob rau hauv lub diaphragm nruab nrab ntawm cov flasks tau hnav tawm, nce nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, xuab zeb hais, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, raug crushed, txo nyob rau hauv loj. Tus nqi ntws ncelub sij hawm poob qis.

Mechanical watches: prerequisites rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm

Qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub sijhawm nrog kev tsim khoom thiab kev sib raug zoo tau nce zuj zus. Lub siab zoo tshaj plaws tau ua haujlwm los daws qhov teeb meem no.

Kev tsim lub moos tshuab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, vim tias lawv yog cov cuab yeej nyuaj tshaj plaws tsim nyob rau xyoo ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lem, qhov no ua ib tug impetus rau ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm science thiab technology.

Kev tsim cov watches thiab lawv cov kev txhim kho yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo dua, meej thiab cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis, cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev suav thiab tsim. Nov yog qhov pib ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab.

Kev tsim cov neeg kho tshuab saib tau ua tau nrog kev tsim kho ntawm spindle khiav dim. Cov cuab yeej no tau hloov pauv lub zog txhais lus ntawm qhov hnyav uas dai ntawm txoj hlua mus rau hauv qhov oscillatory txav rov qab thiab tawm ntawm ib teev lub log. Kev txuas ntxiv tau pom meej meej ntawm no - tom qab tag nrho, cov qauv nyuaj ntawm clepsydra twb muaj lub xov tooj, lub tsheb ciav hlau, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txhua yam uas xav tau yog los hloov lub zog tsav tsheb: hloov lub dav hlau dej nrog qhov hnyav hnyav uas yooj yim rau kev tuav, thiab ntxiv tus nqis nqis thiab tus tswj ceev.

Mechanisms rau ntauwd moos tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus no. Spindle-operated chimes tau siv txij li xyoo 1340 thiab tau dhau los ua kev txaus siab ntawm ntau lub nroog thiab cov tsev teev ntuj.

lub invention ntawm lub moos
lub invention ntawm lub moos

Qhov nce ntawm classical oscillatory chronometry

keeb kwm ntawm watches tau khaws cia rau cov xeeb ntxwv cov npe ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg tsim khoom uasua kom tsim tau lawv. Lub hauv paus theoretical yog qhov kev tshawb pom los ntawm Galileo Galilei, uas tau hais tawm cov cai piav qhia txog kev oscillations ntawm lub pendulum. Nws kuj yog tus sau lub tswv yim ntawm cov tshuab pendulum moos.

Galileo lub tswv yim tau paub txog xyoo 1658 los ntawm tus neeg txawj ntse Dutchman Christian Huygens. Nws kuj yog tus sau ntawm qhov kev tsim ntawm tus tswj kev tshuav nyiaj li cas, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim lub hnab tshos saib, thiab tom qab ntawd lub dab teg saib. Xyoo 1674, Huygens tau tsim ib qho kev tswj xyuas zoo dua los ntawm kev txuas cov plaub hau zoo li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau lub flywheel.

Lwm qhov kev tsim kho thaj av yog los ntawm Nuremberg watchmaker hu ua Peter Henlein. Nws tau tsim lub ntsiab tseem ceeb, thiab hauv 1500 nws tsim lub hnab tshos saib raws li nws.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov tsos. Thaum xub thawj, ib tug xub tau txaus. Tab sis raws li cov moos ua qhov tseeb heev, lawv xav tau cov lus qhia sib xws. Nyob rau hauv 1680, ib feeb tes tau ntxiv, thiab lub dial coj ntawm daim ntawv paub rau peb. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua kaum yim, lawv pib nruab ib tug thib ob txhais tes. Thawj sab, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua qhov nruab nrab.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, cov creation ntawm watches tau pauv mus rau qeb ntawm kos duab. Cov rooj plaub zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, enameled dials, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau npog nrog iav - tag nrho cov no tau hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom kim heev.

Txoj haujlwm txhim kho thiab ua kom nyuaj rau cov cuab yeej txuas ntxiv tsis cuam tshuam. Ua kom raug. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim, ruby thiab sapphire pob zeb pib siv los ua kev txhawb nqa rau lub log thiab lub zog sib npaug. Qhov no ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo kev sib txhuam,txhim kho qhov tseeb thiab nce lub zog cia. Cov teeb meem txaus nyiam tau tshwm sim - daim ntawv qhia hnub tas mus li, tsis siv neeg winding, lub zog cia qhov taw qhia.

Lub zog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pendulum moos yog qhov tsim los ntawm Askiv watchmaker Clement. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1676 nws tsim lub thauj tog rau nkoj khiav. Cov cuab yeej no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov moos pendulum, uas muaj qhov me me ntawm oscillation.

invention ntawm mechanical moos
invention ntawm mechanical moos

Quartz

Kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas lub sijhawm zoo li lub qhov dej avalanche. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm electronics thiab xov tooj cua engineering pave txoj kev rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm quartz watches. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog ua raws li cov nyhuv piezoelectric. Nws tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1880, tab sis lub moos quartz tsis tau ua kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1937. Cov qauv tsim tshiab quartz txawv los ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab classical hauv qhov tseeb tiag. Lub sijhawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau pib. Dab tsi ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb?

Quartz watches muaj lub tshuab ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub npe hu ua stepper motor. Nws ua haujlwm li cas? Lub cav, tau txais lub teeb liab los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, txav cov xub. Tsis txhob siv lub xov tooj li niaj zaus hauv quartz saib, cov duab digital tuaj yeem siv tau. Peb hu lawv electronic. Nyob rau sab hnub poob - quartz nrog cov cim digital. Nws tsis hloov qhov essence.

Qhov tseeb, lub moos quartz yog lub khoos phis tawj me. Cov haujlwm ntxiv tau ntxiv tau yooj yim heev: stopwatch, lub hli theem qhia, daim ntawv qhia hnub, lub tswb moos. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm watches, tsis zoo li mechanics, tsis nce ntau. Qhov no ua rau lawv nkag tau yooj yim dua.

Quartz watches yog qhov tseeb heev. Lawv qhov yuam kev yog ± 15 vib nas this / hli. Nws txaus los kho cov ntsuas ntsuas ob zaug hauv ib xyoos.

Phab ntsa moos

Digital qhia thiab compactness yog qhov txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Cov moos hluav taws xob tau siv dav los ua cov moos sib xyaw ua ke. Lawv tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub dashboard ntawm lub tsheb, hauv xov tooj ntawm tes, hauv microwave thiab TV.

Raws li cov khoom siv sab hauv, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau yam classic version, uas yog, nrog rau qhov taw qhia xub.

Hluav taws xob lub moos ua kom haum rau sab hauv hauv cov style ntawm hi-tech, niaj hnub, techno. Lawv nyiam feem ntau nrog lawv cov haujlwm.

Raws li hom zaub, lub tshuab hluav taws xob saib yog kua siv lead ua kua thiab LED. Cov tom kawg no ua haujlwm ntau dua li lawv rov qab.

Raws li hom fais fab, lub moos hluav taws xob (phab ntsa thiab desktop) tau muab faib ua lub network, siv los ntawm 220V, thiab roj teeb. Cov khoom siv ntawm hom thib ob yog qhov yooj yim dua, vim lawv tsis tas yuav muaj qhov hluav taws xob nyob ze.

zoo inventions watches
zoo inventions watches

Cuckoo phab ntsa

German craftsmen tau ua lawv txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim. Kev lig kev cai, cuckoo phab ntsa moos tau ua los ntawm ntoo. Richly decorated nrog carvings, ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug noog tsev, lawv yog cov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov nplua nuj tsev loj.

Ib zaug, cov qauv pheej yig tau nrov hauv USSR thiab tom qab-Soviet qhov chaw. Tau ntau xyoo, Mayak hom cuckoo phab ntsa moos tau tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuagnyob rau hauv Serdobsk lub nroog ntawm Russia. Nyhav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fir cones, lub tsev dai kom zoo nkauj nrog uncomplicated carvings, ntawv furs ntawm lub suab mechanism - qhov no yog li cas lawv tau nco ntsoov los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov laus tiam.

Lub moos cuckoo classic yog qhov tsis tshua muaj hnub no. Qhov no yog vim tus nqi siab ntawm cov qauv zoo. Yog hais tias koj tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account lub quartz crafts ntawm Asian craftsmen ua los ntawm yas, zoo heev cuckoos cuckoo tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm tseeb connoisseurs ntawm kab txawv watches. Precise, complex mechanism, tawv plab, exquisite carving nyob rau hauv lub cev - tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm tes. Tsuas yog cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv zoo li no.

cuckoo phab ntsa moos
cuckoo phab ntsa moos

tswb moos

Cov no yog "tus neeg taug kev" ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hauv.

Tswb lub moos yog thawj qhov tshwj xeeb ntxiv uas tau ua tiav hauv lub moos. Patented hauv xyoo 1847 los ntawm Fab Kis Fab Kis Antoine Redier.

Nyob rau hauv lub classic mechanical desktop tswb moos, suab yog tsim los ntawm hammering ntawm hlau daim hlau. Cov qauv hluav taws xob muaj suab nrov dua.

Los ntawm kev ua tiav, lub tswb moos tau muab faib ua me me thiab loj, desktop thiab mus ncig.

Lub tswb moos yog tsim nrog cais lub cev muaj zog rau clockwork thiab teeb liab. Lawv pib sib cais.

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm quartz watches, qhov nrov ntawm lub tswb moos tau poob. Muaj ob peb lub laj thawj rau qhov no. Lub rooj moos-tsim lub moos nrog lub zog quartz muaj ntau cov khoom siv kho tshuab classic ua ntejqhov zoo: lawv yog qhov tseeb dua, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cua tshuab txhua hnub, lawv yooj yim kom phim rau qhov tsim ntawm chav tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv lub teeb, tsis ntshai pob thiab ntog.

mechanical watch nrog tswb moos
mechanical watch nrog tswb moos

Lub dab teg txhua lub tswb moos feem ntau hu ua "cim". Ob peb lub tuam txhab tsim cov qauv zoo li no. Yog li, cov neeg sau khoom paub tus qauv hu ua "tus thawj tswj hwm cricket"

"Cricket" (raws li lus Askiv kab civliv) - nyob rau hauv lub npe no lub tuam txhab Swiss Vulcain tsim cov watches nrog lub tswb muaj nuj nqi. Lawv paub tias lawv yog cov thawj tswj hwm Asmeskas: Dwight Eisenhower, Harry Truman, Richard Nixon thiab Lyndon Johnson.

History of watches for me

Lub Sijhawm yog ib pawg kev xav tau nyuaj thiab tib lub sijhawm lub cev uas yuav tsum tau ntsuas. Txiv neej nyob rau lub sij hawm. Twb yog los ntawm qib kindergarten, qhov kev kawm ntawm kev kawm thiab kev loj hlob muab kev txhim kho lub sij hawm taw qhia kev txawj ntse hauv cov me nyuam.

Koj tuaj yeem qhia tus menyuam kom siv lub moos sai li sai tau thaum nws tau paub tus account. Layouts yuav pab tau qhov no. Koj tuaj yeem muab lub moos duab los qhia nrog lub sijhawm niaj hnub los ntawm kev tso tag nrho cov no kom pom tseeb dua rau ntawm daim ntawv kos duab. Koj tuaj yeem npaj cov chav kawm nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev ua si, siv cov duab dhos ua si nrog cov duab rau qhov no.

Keeb kwm ntawm watches rau menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 6-7 yog kawm hauv cov chav kawm thematic. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev raws li arousing txaus siab rau lub ntsiab lus. Cov menyuam yaus hauv daim ntawv nkag mus tau qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm watches, lawv hom yav dhau los thiab tam sim no. Tom qab ntawd cov kev paub uas tau txais yog sib sau ua ke. Ua li no, ua kom pom lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub moos yooj yim -hnub ci, dej thiab hluav taws. Cov dej num no ua kom cov menyuam nyiam tshawb fawb, tsim kev xav thiab xav paub. Lawv txhawb nqa lub sijhawm.

Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, qib 5-7, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub moos yog kawm. Nws yog ua raws li kev paub tau los ntawm tus menyuam hauv cov lus qhia ntawm astronomy, keeb kwm, geography, physics. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov khoom tau txais yog consolidated. Watches, lawv cov invention thiab kev txhim kho yog suav tias yog ib feem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kab lis kev cai, cov achievements ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zej zog. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaj lus qhia tuaj yeem tsim raws li hauv qab no: "Kev tsim kho uas hloov pauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej."

Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem siab, nws raug nquahu kom kawm txuas ntxiv ntawm watches ua ib qho khoom siv hauv kev zam thiab kev zoo nkauj sab hauv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov menyuam yaus saib kev coj ua, tham txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaiv cov watches sab hauv. Ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm tuaj yeem mob siab rau kev tswj hwm lub sijhawm.

keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm watches qhia meej txog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm ntau tiam neeg, nws txoj kev kawm yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tsim lub ntiaj teb kev pom ntawm ib tug hluas.

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