Cov khoom siv no yuav mob siab rau rau qhov kev hais lus - cov khoom. Kev tso tawm yuav raug txiav txim siab, yuav muab piv txwv, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus homonymous yuav raug qhia.
Kev paub: particle
Cia peb saib seb dab tsi yog qhov particle. Tej zaum koj nyuam qhuav pom: hauv kab lus dhau los, nws yog lo lus "zoo ib yam". Yog li, cov khoom siv yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, qhia cov kev xav tshiab ntawm kev xav xim xim rau hauv kab lus, thiab ua haujlwm los tsim cov lus tshiab. Nov yog piv txwv.
Nws los. Ib qho yooj yim, ib tug yuav hais tias, faceless tswv yim. Cia peb ntxiv ntau yam rau kab lus no.
Nws nyuam qhuav tuaj.
Nws nyuam qhuav tuaj.
Nws puas tuaj?
Nws nyuam qhuav tuaj.
Ua tib zoo saib seb lub ntsiab lus tau hloov pauv li cas thiab ntau npaum li cas kev xav xim tau tshwm sim hauv kab lus, sai li sai tau thaum koj ntxiv cov ntsiab lus me me. Los ntawm txoj kev, "tsuas yog" kuj yog ib feem.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov lus Lavxias yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov lus hais uas tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau kev nco lawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum kawm paub nrhiav, pom hauv cov ntawv nyeem, thiab tseem tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm cov lus hauv kab lus. Peb yuav tham txog qhov no hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Basic particle tso tawm
Plaub pawg tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no.
- Shaping particles (cia, let, let) yog tsim los ua daim ntawv ntawm lo lus, tuaj yeem tsim qib ntawm kev sib piv ntawm adjectives thiab adverbs.
- Neegative (tsis, deb ntawm, tsis tag, tsis tag).
- Cov khoom uas tuaj yeem ua tus cim (nws tuaj yeem yog lub xeev lossis kev ua haujlwm) tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm, hais txog kev ua tau zoo lossis ua tiav ntawm kev siv, lossis rov ua dua - tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis tiav.
- Modal hais tias tuaj yeem nug (xws li, tiag tiag, tej zaum), ua qauv qhia (ntawm no, tawm), qhia meej (tseem, raws nraim, raws nraim), qhov tseem ceeb thiab txwv (tsuas yog, nkaus xwb), exclamatory (dab tsi rau, li cas), amplifying (txawm, tsis muaj, tom qab tag nrho, tom qab tag nrho, txhua yam), softening yuav tsum, qhia kev tsis ntseeg (hardly, hardly) thiab, thaum kawg, incentive (cia, cia, cia).
Examples
Xav txog cov qauv qauv ua piv txwv hauv kab lus:
- Peb tsis mus nuv ntses hnub no?
- Ntawm no nws yog tus yeej tiag!
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
- Zaj nkauj no ntxim hlub heev!
- Tseem tau ua txoj haujlwm dua.
- Thov lub hnub ci ntsa iab!
Modal hais qhia lub ntsiab lus ntxiv hauv cov ntawv lossis hauv kev hais lus ntawm tus neeg hais lus, txhim kho lub siab lub ntsws thiab ua kom pom tseeb.
Modal pawg particles
Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tsim cov ntsiab lus, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv tshiab ntawm cov lus. Pawg no ntawm modal shaping hais muaj xws li: cia, xav, yog, tuaj rau (-cov), tsawg, feem ntau, cia, ntau.
Cia peb muab piv txwv kom meej.
Lo lus "yuav" tuaj yeem siv los ua qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov lus qhia. Kuv yuav tau ua ntau dua yog tias kuv tau sawv ntxov.
Daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv cia, cia, cia, yog. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv:
- Cia lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj.
- Qhia nws kom nrawm.
- "Cia li kaj!" tus kws hluav taws xob hais.
- Cia peb mus ncig teb chaws.
Rau qhov tsim ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia, tsim cov ntsiab lus ntau dua, tsawg dua. Piv txwv li:
- Ncaj nce mus rau pem teb.
- Kev ua lag luam tsawg dua.
Lub shaping lub ntsiab nws tus kheej (ua tib zoo saib rau tus lej thiab poj niam txiv neej) tuaj yeem ua rau daim ntawv zoo heev ntawm cov npe, piv txwv li: qhov ci tshaj plaws.
Tag nrho cov ntawv sau ua ke no yog ib feem ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Thaum parsing ib kab lus rau hauv cov tswv cuab, nws raug nquahu kom sau lawv raws li ib tug tswv cuab ntawm kab lus, txawm tias lawv tsis nyob ib sab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov piv txwv ntawm cov kab lus nrog cov lus hais.
- Kuv yuav tsis lig yog kuv tsis tau lig ua haujlwm.
- Cia lawv tuaj tag kis.
- Thiab tsis zoo hnub no.
- Tam sim no kuv yuav xav ntxivnyuaj riddle.
- Nws tau daws txoj haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv nws lub neej.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov qauv tsim tsim tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov xwm txheej thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Lub siab xav muaj xws li modal hais yuav, b.
Qhov tseem ceeb suav nrog cov khoom xws li: cia, cia, yog, cia, cia.
Sib txawv ntawm cov lus homonymous. Piv txwv
Cia li nco ntsoov tias homonyms yog dab tsi. Yog li, homonyms yog cov lus uas zoo ib yam hauv kev sau thiab suab, tab sis txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob yuam kev, kom pom thiab paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus homonymous. Piv txwv:
- Muab nws ib nrab ib ntsiav tshuaj txhua ib nrab teev. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, lo lus cia tsis yog lub ntsiab lus, tab sis ib daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia muab.
- Tam sim no cia lub nkoj nqis mus. Ntawm no kuj lo lus cia tsis tuaj yeem ua ib feem, nws yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia let.
- Koj puas yog? - Kuv yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv no version, lo lus feem ntau yog ib tug pronoun thiab tsis muaj kev twb kev txuas nrog lub adjective.
- Nws hais lus ntsiag to, zoo li thov txim. Nyob rau hauv kab lus no, lo lus, raws li nws tau, tsim ib qho kev tsim kho uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm cov lus sib xws li yog lossis zoo li yog.
