Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo thiab lawv qhov kev tshawb pom

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo thiab lawv qhov kev tshawb pom
Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo thiab lawv qhov kev tshawb pom
Anonim

Physics yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tus txiv neej kawm. Nws lub xub ntiag yog pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm lub neej, tej zaum discoveries txawm hloov lub keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm. Tias yog vim li cas cov kws kho mob zoo li nthuav thiab tseem ceeb rau tib neeg: lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb txawm tias tom qab ntau pua xyoo tom qab lawv tuag. Cov kws tshawb fawb twg koj yuav tsum paub ua ntej?

André-Marie Ampère

Cov physicists zoo heev
Cov physicists zoo heev

Ib tug Fabkis tus kws kho mob tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus neeg lag luam los ntawm Lyon. Cov niam txiv lub tsev qiv ntawv yog tag nrho ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws tshaj lij. Txij li thaum yau, Andre nyiam nyeem ntawv, uas pab nws tau txais kev paub tob. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum ob, tus me nyuam tub twb kawm cov hauv paus ntawm kev ua lej siab dua, thiab xyoo tom qab nws xa nws txoj hauj lwm mus rau Lyon Academy. Tsis ntev nws pib muab cov lus qhia ntiag tug, thiab txij li xyoo 1802 nws tau ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm physics thiab chemistry, thawj zaug hauv Lyon, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Polytechnic ntawm Paris. Kaum xyoo tom qab ntawd nws tau raug xaiv los ua tswv cuab ntawm Academy of Sciences. Cov npe ntawm cov kws tshaj lij physicists feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus uas lawv tau mob siab rau lawv lub neej rau kev kawm, thiab Ampere tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws daws cov teeb meem ntawm electrodynamics. Chav tsev ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no ntsuas hauv amperes. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau qhia ntau cov lus siv niaj hnub no. Piv txwv li, cov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm "galvanometer", "voltage", "electric tam sim no" thiab ntau lwm tus.

RobertBoyle

Ntau tus kws kho mob zoo tau ua haujlwm nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum thev naus laus zis thiab kev tshawb fawb yuav luag thaum lawv tseem me, thiab, txawm li cas los xij, ua tiav. Piv txwv li, Robert Boyle, ib haiv neeg ntawm Ireland. Nws tau koom nrog ntau yam kev sim lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg, txhim kho txoj kev xav atomistic. Nyob rau hauv 1660, nws tau tswj kom nrhiav tau txoj cai ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ntim ntawm gases nyob rau hauv lub siab. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij physicists ntawm nws lub sijhawm tsis muaj lub tswv yim ntawm atom, thiab Boyle tsis tsuas yog ntseeg tau ntawm lawv lub neej, tab sis kuj tsim ntau lub tswv yim hais txog lawv, xws li "cov ntsiab lus" lossis "thawj lub cev." Nyob rau hauv 1663, nws tau tswj kom invent litmus, thiab nyob rau hauv 1680 nws yog thawj zaug los tawm tswv yim ib txoj kev kom tau phosphorus los ntawm cov pob txha. Boyle yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Royal Society of London thiab tso tseg ntau yam kev tshawb fawb.

Niels Bohr

Cov physicists zoo heev
Cov physicists zoo heev

Ntau zaus, cov kws kho mob zoo tshaj plaws tau los ua cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb hauv lwm qhov chaw thiab. Piv txwv li, Niels Bohr kuj yog ib tug kws tshuaj. Ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Royal Danish Society of Sciences thiab tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, Niels Bohr yug hauv Copenhagen, qhov chaw nws tau txais kev kawm qib siab. Qee lub sij hawm nws koom tes nrog cov kws kho mob Askiv Thomson thiab Rutherford. Bohr txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim quantum txoj kev xav. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij physicists tom qab tau ua haujlwm hauv cov lus qhia thawj zaug tsim los ntawm Niels, piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm theoretical physics thiab chemistry. Tsawg tus neeg paub, tab sis nws kuj yog thawj tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau tso lub hauv paus ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Hauv xyoo 1930s ua ntau yam tseem ceebdiscoveries nyob rau hauv atomic txoj kev xav. Rau nws qhov kev ua tiav nws tau txais Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics.

Max Born

Great physicists thiab lawv discoveries
Great physicists thiab lawv discoveries

Ntau tus kws kho mob zoo tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees. Piv txwv li, Max Born yug hauv Breslau, tus tub ntawm tus xibfwb thiab tus kws ntaus piano. Txij li thaum yau nws nyiam physics thiab lej thiab nkag mus hauv University of Göttingen los kawm lawv. Xyoo 1907, Max Yug tau tiv thaiv nws cov lus hais txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cev elastic. Zoo li lwm tus kws kho mob zoo ntawm lub sijhawm, xws li Niels Bohr, Max tau koom tes nrog Cambridge cov kws tshaj lij, uas yog nrog Thomson. Yug los kuj tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm Einstein cov tswv yim. Max tau koom nrog txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua thiab tsim ntau lub tswv yim analytical. Tsis tas li ntawd, Yug tau tsim lub hauv paus lej ntawm quantum theory. Ib yam li lwm tus kws kho mob, tus neeg tawm tsam kev ua tub rog Yug los categorically tsis xav tau Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, thiab thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nws yuav tsum tau khiav tawm. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav tsis lees paub txog kev tsim riam phom nuclear. Rau tag nrho nws cov kev ua tiav, Max Born tau txais Nobel nqi zog, thiab kuj tau txais mus rau ntau qhov kev kawm tshawb fawb.

Galileo Galilei

Qee tus kws tshaj lij physicists thiab lawv qhov kev tshawb pom muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog thaj chaw ntawm astronomy thiab natural science. Piv txwv li, Galileo, tus kws tshawb fawb Italian. Thaum kawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv University of Pisa, nws tau paub txog lub physics ntawm Aristotle thiab pib nyeem cov lej thaum ub. Txaus siab rau cov kev tshawb fawb no, nws tau tawm mus thiab pib sau "Me Scales" - ib txoj haujlwm uas pab txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov hlau alloys thiab piav qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov duab. Galileo los ua nto moo ntawm cov Italianslej thiab tau txais ib qho chaw hauv chav haujlwm hauv Pisa. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, nws tau los ua tus kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev hais plaub ntawm Duke of Medici. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws kawm txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib npaug, dynamics, ntog thiab txav ntawm lub cev, raws li zoo raws li lub zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1609, nws tau tsim thawj lub tsom iav raj, muab peb npaug ntawm qhov loj, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog peb caug ob npaug. Nws cov kev soj ntsuam tau muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov chaw ntawm lub hli thiab qhov loj ntawm cov hnub qub. Galileo nrhiav pom lub hli ntawm Jupiter. Nws discoveries ua ib tug txaws nyob rau hauv lub scientific teb. Tus zoo physicist Galileo tsis tau pom zoo los ntawm pawg ntseeg, thiab qhov no txiav txim siab tus cwj pwm ntawm nws hauv zej zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm, uas yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis lees paub ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Nws yuav tsum tso nws tej lus qhia. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, kev sib hloov ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hnub, tsim los ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm Copernicus, tau luam tawm: nrog cov lus piav qhia tias qhov no tsuas yog kev xav xwb. Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau txais kev cawmdim rau tib neeg.

Isaac Newton

Tus zoo physicist Galileo
Tus zoo physicist Galileo

Inventions thiab sayings ntawm zoo physicists feem ntau dhau los ua ib yam ntawm cov piv txwv, tab sis cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov kua thiab txoj cai ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog nto moo tshaj plaws. Txhua leej txhua tus paub Isaac Newton, tus hero ntawm zaj dab neeg no, raws li nws nrhiav tau txoj cai ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib qho tseem ceeb thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lub laij lej, tau los ua tus tsim ntawm daim iav tsom iav thiab tau sau ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm optics. Niaj hnub nimno physicists xav txog nws tus creator ntawm classical science. Newton yug hauv tsev neeg txom nyem, kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv yooj yim, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Cambridge, thaum ua haujlwm ua tub qhe komthem rau kev kawm. Twb tau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo, nws tuaj nrog cov tswv yim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav yog lub hauv paus rau invention ntawm lub tshuab xam zauv thiab nrhiav pom txoj cai ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Nyob rau hauv 1669 nws tau los ua ib tug kws qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv lub department, thiab nyob rau hauv 1672 yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Royal Society of London. Xyoo 1687, cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hu ua "Pib Pib" tau luam tawm. Rau kev ua tiav tsis muaj nuj nqis hauv xyoo 1705, Newton tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Christian Huygens

Cov neeg zoo, physicists
Cov neeg zoo, physicists

Zoo li ntau lwm tus neeg zoo, cov kws kho mob feem ntau muaj txuj ci hauv ntau yam. Piv txwv li, Christian Huygens, ib haiv neeg ntawm Lub Hague. Nws txiv yog ib tug neeg sawv cev, kws tshawb fawb thiab kws sau ntawv, nws tus tub tau txais kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev cai lij choj, tab sis tau nyiam ua lej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntseeg tau hais lus Latin zoo heev, paub ua las voos thiab caij nees, ntaus suab paj nruag ntawm lute thiab harpsichord. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, nws tswj los tsim nws tus kheej lub tshuab dhos thiab ua hauj lwm rau nws. Thaum nws kawm ntawv qib siab, Huygens sib tham nrog Parisian mathematician Mersenne, uas cuam tshuam rau tus tub hluas. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1651 nws luam tawm ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm lub quadrature ntawm lub voj voog, ellipse thiab hyperbola. Nws txoj haujlwm tau tso cai rau nws tau txais lub koob npe nrov ua tus lej zoo. Tom qab ntawd nws tau xav txog physics, tau sau ntau yam haujlwm ntawm kev sib tsoo lub cev, uas cuam tshuam rau cov tswv yim ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau pab txhawb rau optics, tsim lub tsom iav, thiab txawm tau sau ib daim ntawv ntawm kev twv txiaj suav nrog rau kev xav txog qhov tshwm sim. Tag nrho cov no ua rau nws ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

YJames Maxwell

Physics Zoo heevPatriotic ua tsov ua rog
Physics Zoo heevPatriotic ua tsov ua rog

Cov kws kho mob zoo thiab lawv qhov kev tshawb pom tsim nyog txhua qhov kev txaus siab. Yog li, James-Clerk Maxwell tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo, uas txhua tus yuav tsum paub txog lawv tus kheej. Nws tau los ua tus tsim theories ntawm electrodynamics. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau yug los rau hauv ib tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab tau kawm hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab Edinburgh thiab Cambridge. Rau nws cov kev ua tiav nws tau txais mus rau Royal Society of London. Maxwell qhib lub Cavendish Laboratory, uas tau nruab nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev sim lub cev. Hauv chav kawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, Maxwell tau kawm electromagnetism, kinetic theory of gases, teeb meem ntawm kev pom xim thiab optics. Nws kuj tau pom nws tus kheej ua ib tus neeg astronomer: nws yog tus uas tsim kom muaj lub nplhaib ntawm Saturn ruaj khov thiab muaj cov khoom tsis sib xws. Nws kuj tau kawm txog dynamics thiab hluav taws xob, muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau Faraday. Cov lus qhia dav dav ntawm ntau lub cev tshwm sim tseem suav tias yog qhov cuam tshuam thiab xav tau hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb, ua rau Maxwell yog ib tus kws tshaj lij tshaj plaws hauv daim teb no.

Albert Einstein

Cov lus ntawm cov physicists zoo
Cov lus ntawm cov physicists zoo

Tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Txij li thaum yau, Einstein nyiam lej, kev xav, nyiam nyeem cov phau ntawv tshawb fawb nrov. Rau kev kawm, Albert tau mus rau lub koom haum thev naus laus zis, qhov chaw nws kawm nws txoj kev kawm uas nws nyiam. Nyob rau hauv 1902 nws tau los ua ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm patent. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawd, nws yuav tshaj tawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau zoo. Nws thawj cov haujlwm yog txuas nrog cov thermodynamics thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov molecules. Xyoo 1905, ib daim ntawv tau txais los ua ib qho kev nthuav tawm, thiab Einstein tau los uakws kho mob ntawm sciences. Albert muaj ntau lub tswv yim tawm tswv yim txog lub zog ntawm electrons, qhov xwm ntawm lub teeb thiab cov nyhuv photoelectric. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog txoj kev xav ntawm kev sib raug zoo. Einstein cov lus xaus tau hloov pauv tib neeg lub tswv yim txog lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw. Deservedly kiag li, nws tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel thiab lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb.

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