Tsis yog txhua tus paub qhov twg lub roob hluav taws Hekla nyob ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Txhua leej txhua tus tab tom tham txog nws tus tij laug nrog lub npe tsis hais, uas nyob rau xyoo 2010 ua rau cov neeg caij dav hlau nco txog Iceland thiab nws txoj haujlwm magmatic nrog cov lus tsis zoo. Tab sis Hekla yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab tsis txaus ntseeg ntau dua li nws tus kwv tij haus luam yeeb. Los ntawm nws cov muzzle, nws feem ntau tsis yog ib kem ntawm cov tshauv uas tuaj yeem txhaws lub dav hlau tshuab, tab sis qhov dej ntws zoo tshaj plaws ntawm hluav taws, lava thiab cov foob pob hluav taws. Hekla yog capricious, unpredictable, secretive. Cov Icelanders hu lawv cov roob hluav taws tsuas yog cov npe poj niam. Tej zaum lawv paub lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib nrab zoo nkauj ntawm tib neeg, thaum ib yam dab tsi tsis sib npaug - koj yeej tsis tuaj yeem hu lawv cov poj niam tsis muaj zog ntawm lub sijhawm no. Ob leeg Hekla thiab nws tus muam Katla yog cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov kob. Cia peb kawm paub tus dab ntxwg nyoog no.
Gate to Hell
Yog koj nugmedieval Cistercian hauj sam hais txog qhov chaw ntawm lub roob hluav taws Hekla, nws yuav tsis yig los teb tias nyob rau hauv lub nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg txhaum, tawm hauv lub cev, tam sim ntawd maj los ntawm lub qhov cua mus rau hauv hluav taws nyob mus ib txhis, qhov chaw uas muaj cov hniav gnashing. Ib tug yawg koob Benedict, hu nkauj nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub lub neej ntawm St. Brendan, hu ua Hekla lub tsev lojcuj ntawm Judas. Thiab cov neeg Icelanders zoo tib yam kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 19th tau paub tseeb tias nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub roob hluav taws ntawm Easter, witches flock rau lawv Hnub Caiv. Vim li cas Hekla ua rau muaj kev ntshai dawb ceev, ntshai heev thiab tib lub sijhawm qhuas cov neeg hauv zos? Txij li thaum lub sij hawm cov neeg nyob hauv cov kob, qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub taub hau tau pom nws lub siab tawg ntau tshaj nees nkaum zaug. Thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm "hysteria" yog qhov nyuaj rau kwv yees. Lub npe "hekla" nws tus kheej los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub tsho luv luv nrog lub hood. Nyob rau saum lub roob yeej ib txwm muaj huab, los ntawm qhov deb zoo li lub hood.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hais li cas?
Thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm lub roob hluav taws Hekla yog 63.98 ° sab qaum teb latitude thiab 19.70 ° sab hnub tuaj longitude. Nws nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Iceland, txog li ib puas kilometers ntawm lub nroog Reykjavik. Raws li hom Hekla, nws belongs rau stratovolcanoes. Nws tsim los ntawm ib tug linear tawg. Vim muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau zaus, qhov siab ntawm lub roob hloov. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1948 nws yog 1502 m, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov ntug ntawm lub crater tsoo. Tam sim no qhov kev loj hlob ntawm Hekla yog 1488 m. Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub roob txuas ntxiv uas tsim los ntawm andesitic thiab bas alt lavas. Lub volcanic fissure ncav cuag ib tug ntev ntawm tsib kilometers. Tab sis lub hnub nyoog ntawm Hekla, los ntawm cov qauv geological, yuav luag tsis muaj menyuam - tsuas yog 6,600 xyoo xwb.
LojEruptions
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv keeb kwm luv luv, lub roob hluav taws Hekla tau tswj kom muaj teeb meem hauv Iceland ntau dua ib zaug. Dendrochronology (kev kawm txog kev hloov pauv huab cua uas siv cov nroj tsuag fossil) ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab tias plaub txhiab xyoo dhau los thiab 2800 xyoo dhau los tau muaj kev tawg loj ntawm lub roob hluav taws no. Cov pa luam yeeb txo qis cua kub nyob rau sab qaum teb hemisphere tau ntau xyoo, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb pom cov kab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob hauv peatlands ntawm Ireland thiab Scotland, nrog rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Thawj qhov tawg tau sau tseg hauv cov ntawv sau tau tshwm sim hauv 1104. Ib zaug tej roob roob hav hav zoov npog, tab sis tam sim no lawv liab qab tag nrho. Tsoomfwv Icelandic npau suav txog qhov kev cog qoob loo kim heev.
Lub roob hluav taws Hekla puas yuav nyob twj ywm hauv lub sijhawm?
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tus qauv: lub sijhawm ntev dua ntawm kev tawg, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua phem no ntau dua. Tab sis hmoov zoo, tam sim no lub roob hluav taws "stranges" nrog ib tug enviable constancy ib xyoo caum. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, nws tau tawg nyob rau hauv 1947-48, 1970, 1980, 1981, 1991 thiab 2000. Cov xwm txheej kev puas tsuaj kawg uas ua rau kev ploj tuag tau tshwm sim xyoo 1766 thiab 1947-1948. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nees nkaum-thawj xyoo pua, lub roob hluav taws Hekla tseem tsis tau tshwm sim nws tus kheej. Thiab qhov no yog kev ntxhov siab. Txij li thaum lub capricious kev zoo nkauj muaj ib tug tiag tiag unpredictable cwj pwm. Seismologists nco ntsoov tias, tsis zoo li lwm lub roob hluav taws, Hekla muaj lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev tawg thiab ejection ntawm lava. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg cawm siav muaj sijhawm me ntsis los khiav tawm tib neeg.
Tau qhov tawg
Vim tias lub roob hluav taws Hekla tau tawg thaum kawg Lub Ob Hlis 2000, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, kev ua seismic rov pib dua txhua kaum xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias yuav muaj qhov tawg tshiab txhua hnub. Nws nyuaj rau twv seb nws yuav zoo li cas. Qee lub sij hawm qhov tawg tau tshwm sim hauv ob peb hnub, thiab xyoo 1947 Hekla tau kub hnyiab tau ntau tshaj ib xyoos. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm av qeeg tshiab thiab ejection ntawm lava nrog tshauv, geophysicists tau nteg sensors mus rau ib tug tob ntawm kaum rau kilometers ntawm sab saum toj uas xa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub xeev ntawm magma nyob rau hauv lub volcanic tawg thiab crater. Txog tam sim no, tsis muaj kev txav mus los hauv lub plab ntawm Hekla. Qee qhov chaw ntawm lub roob hluav taws kub, tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm cov kob ntawm Iceland. Taug kev ncig xyuas yog ua rau lub qhov tsua, thiab tsoomfwv tau lees tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws.
