Cells ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob muaj sia muaj tus qauv zoo sib xws. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv muaj ib tug plasma daim nyias nyias, ib daim nyias nyias nyob ib ncig ntawm nws (glycocalyx nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj los yog ib lub cell phab ntsa: nyob rau hauv fungi - los ntawm chitin, nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag - los ntawm cellulose), cytoplasm (organelles nyob rau hauv nws, txhua yam ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, lub chaw cell, koom nrog hauv kev faib tawm) thiab cov nucleus, uas tiv thaiv DNA (tsuas yog cov prokaryotes).
Cell organelles
Cov no suav nrog ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum thiab cell center. Cov nroj tsuag tseem muaj cov organelles tshwj xeeb rau lawv - vacuoles. Lawv khaws cov khoom tsis tsim nyog, plastids (chromoplasts, leukoplasts, chloroplasts, tom kawg cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis tshwm sim). Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cell center, mitochondria, ribosomes thiab lwm yam qauv tseem ceeb heev. Mitochondria ua raws li ib yam ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, lawv yog cov txheej txheem ntawm intracellular respiration. Ribosomes yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev tsim cov proteins, synthesizing lawv los ntawm ib tug neeg amino acids nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm mRNA, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tshuaj xav tau los ntawm lub cell. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lysosomes yog txhawm rau txhawm rau tshuaj lom neegKev sib txuas nrog kev pab ntawm enzymes uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub organoid. Lub Golgi complex sau thiab khaws qee yam khoom. Lub endoplasmic reticulum tseem koom nrog hauv cov metabolism.
Cell center - qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm
Lub cev no tseem hu ua centrosome. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate lub zog ntawm lub cell chaw - yog tsis muaj no organoid, cell faib yuav ua tsis tau. Nws muaj ob ntu. Hauv qhov no, qhov chaw ntawm tes zoo ib yam li cov ribosome, nyob rau hauv cov qauv uas muaj ob halves. Qhov chaw ntawm lub centrosome yog hu ua centrioles, txhua tus ntawm lawv zoo li lub tog raj kheej hollow tsim los ntawm microtubules. Lawv nyob rau hauv perpendicular rau ib leeg. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub chaw cell yog tsim ntawm kev faib spindle los ntawm centrioles thaum lub sij hawm meiosis los yog mitosis.
Lub cell faib li cas?
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev - meiosis thiab mitosis. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cell center yog manifested nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si txheej txheem. Hauv ob qho tib si thawj thiab thib ob, kev faib tawm tshwm sim hauv ntau theem. Muaj cov theem xws li: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
Meiosis feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog ob qhov sib txuas ntawm tes, lub sijhawm ntawm lawv hu ua interphase. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem no, los ntawm ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog diploid txheej ntawm chromosomes (ob chav), ob peb nrog haploid (ib leeg) raug tsim. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm mitosis, tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes tsis txo qis - cov ntxhais cell kuj muaj ib tug diploid teeb. Kuj tseem muaj txoj kev faib ua amitosis. Hauv norooj plaub, lub nucleus, thiab tom qab ntawd tag nrho cytoplasm, tsuas yog muab faib ua ob. Cov hom no yog nyob deb ntawm kev ua raws li thawj ob, nws pom feem ntau ntawm cov protozoa. Lub chaw cell tsis koom nrog txoj haujlwm no.
Kev koom tes ntawm lub chaw cell hauv kev faib
Prophase txhais tau hais tias kev npaj rau cov txheej txheem ntawm mitosis lossis meiosis, thaum lub sij hawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas lawm. Thaum lub sij hawm metaphase, lub cell center cais ua ob cais centrioles. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, diverge mus opposite ncej ntawm lub cell. Nyob rau tib theem, cov chromosomes kab nyob rau ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab. Tom qab ntawd lawv txuas mus rau centrioles los ntawm spindle threads nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas txawv chromatids ntawm txhua chromosome yog txuas mus rau opposite centrioles. Thaum lub sij hawm metaphase, txhua tus ntawm cov chromosomes splits rau hauv nyias chromatids, uas yog attracted rau opposite ncej los ntawm centrioles los ntawm threads.
Thaum lub sijhawm telophase, tsim cov membranes nuclear tshwm sim, cytoplasm sib cais thiab cov menyuam ntxhais thaum kawg tsim.
