Hnub no peb yuav tham txog dab tsi vacuole. Qhov no yog lwm yam khoom ntawm tes, uas yog, ib qho organoid. Ib qho organoid, lossis organelle, yog cov khoom uas tsim cov hlwb, tom kawg, tig, yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua yam uas nyob ib puag ncig peb.
Qhov tseeb, lub ntiaj teb tsis yog qhov zoo li thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog khaws lub tshuab tsom iav, thiab peb lub ntiaj teb kev pom yuav hloov pauv loj heev. Thawj qhov kev paub nrog cov cuab yeej no tshwm sim hauv tsev kawm theem siab. Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum tau hais lus qhuab qhia txog cov cai siv lub tshuab ntsuas kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem tsis zoo hauv cov lus qhia zoo siab. Tom qab luv luv digression, peb yuav qhia koj txog dab tsi vacuole yog. Nov yog peb lo lus nug tseem ceeb.
Vacuole
Cia pib ntu nrog lub ntsiab lus. Lub vacuole yog ib qho organoid (ib leeg-membrane). Nws tuaj yeem pom hauv eukaryotic hlwb. Cia peb tam sim qhia me me piav qhia: eukaryotes yog cov hlwb uas muaj cov nucleus. Cov tom kawg yog cais los ntawm cytoplasm los ntawm ob daim nyias nyias. Tus nqi ntawm cov nucleus yog qhov zoo, nws yog nyob rau hauv nws uas muaj DNA ntawm cov molecule.
Yog li, lub vacuole yog lub cev muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam haujlwm (peb yuav hais me ntsis txog lawvtom qab). Cov organelles tsim li cas? Lawv pib los ntawm provacuoles, thiab lawv tshwm sim ua ntej peb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim nyias nyias vesicles.
Nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias txhua lub vacuoles tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg:
- digestive;
- pulsing.
Qee zaus pulsating vacuoles hu ua contractile. Lawv pab tshem tawm cov khoom lwj. Dab tsi lwm txoj haujlwm ua li lub vacuole muaj, peb yuav xav txog me ntsis tom qab.
Nyob hauv cov noob qes, vacuoles nyob ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lub ntim, qee zaum lawv sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib lub cev loj, uas zoo heev tshaj qhov loj ntawm cov tib neeg.
Txhua lub vacuoles raug txwv los ntawm daim nyias nyias, nws hu ua tonoplast. Hauv peb tuaj yeem pom cov kua dej ntawm tes. Cov tom kawg muaj cov nram qab no:
- dej;
- monosaccharides;
- tannins;
- carbs;
- nitrates;
- phosphates;
- chlorides;
- organic acids thiab lwm yam tshuaj.
Ydisaccharides;
Functions
Tam sim no peb tawm tswv yim los qhia txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov organelles peb tab tom xav txog. Lub vacuole, cov haujlwm uas peb yuav tam sim no sau, tuaj yeem tuav qhov chaw ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm 5 txog 90 feem pua. Nws lub hom phiaj ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov chaw lub cev no nyob.
Raws li hom cell, muaj ntau ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab tsiaj muaj ib ntus organelles. Peb twb tau hais tias, nyob ntawm qhov chaw, lub vacuole tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntau yam. Tab sis peb yuav qhia txog ob lub ntsiab:
- kev sib raug zoo ntawm organelles;
- kev ua haujlwm.
cog cell
Tam sim no cia peb mus rau kev kawm ntxaws ntxiv ntawm organelles hauv cov nroj tsuag ntawm tes. Lub cell vacuole yog nws cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cia peb teev vim li cas:
- vacuole nqus dej;
- tshem tawm cov tshuaj phem;
- qee zaum, vacuoles tsim kua txiv mis;
- koom nrog txheej txheem ntawm kev faib cov organelles qub;
- khoom noj khoom haus.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov organelles no zoo heev. Peb tau hais tias lawv tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qub organelles, uas yog, lawv ua haujlwm ntawm lysosomes. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias vacuoles yuav muaj cov enzymes tsim nyog rau hydrolysis ntawm cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- proteins;
- fat;
- carbs;
- nucleic acids;
- phytoncides thiab lwm yam.
Yphytohormones;
Lawv kuj koom nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev tsis yog rau cov nroj tsuag xwb, tab sis kuj rau lwm yam kab mob.
Tsiaj qus
Vacuoles tuaj yeem pom ntawm:
- freshwater protozoa;
- multicellular invertebrates.
Hauv thawj kis, peb yuav ntsib cov kab mob sib kis uas ua haujlwm raws li tus tswj hwm. Qhov ntawd yog, lawv muaj peev xwm nqus los yog tso dej ntau dhau. Rau pawg thib ob, peb tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau yam kab mob, nrog rau:
- sponges;
- coelenterates;
- shellfish.
Nyob rau hauv cov kab mob no, digestive vacuoles tsim,muaj peev xwm ntawm intracellular digestion. Cov yav tas kuj tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj siab dua, tab sis tsuas yog hauv qee lub hlwb (phagocytes).
