Kev tsim ntawm eukaryotic cell yog qhov thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws (tom qab qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub neej nws tus kheej) evolutionary tshwm sim. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm eukaryotes thiab cov kab mob prokaryotic yog qhov muaj cov kab mob genome ntau dua. Ua tsaug rau qhov pom thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub cell nucleus, qib ntawm adaptability ntawm unicellular kab mob mus tas li hloov tej yam kev mob ntawm lub neej thiab muaj peev xwm hloov tau sai sai yam tsis tau qhia txog kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv cov noob caj noob ces tau nce zuj zus.
Lub eukaryotic cell, uas nws cov cytoplasm yog thaj chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic, ua tiav kev sib cais ntawm thaj chaw khaws cia, nyeem ntawv thiab rov ua dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv caj ces, tig los ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm kev hloov pauv lom neeg ntxiv. Qhov kev tshwm sim epochal thiab fateful evolutionary tshwm sim, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, tau tshwm sim tsis pub dhau 2.6 billion xyoo dhau los ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb - Archean thiab Proterozoic.
Kev loj hlob ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov qauv lom neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob lom neeg tag nrho. Nws yog precisely los ntawm nws muaj peev xwm hloov tau hais tias lub eukaryotic cell muaj peev xwm hloov mus rau multicellular kab mob nrog ib tug complex txheej txheem. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv multicellular biological systems, hlwb nrog tib genome, yoog mus rau cov kev hloov pauv, tsim cov ntaub so ntswg uas txawv kiag li, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lawv morphological zog thiab functionality. Qhov no yog qhov kev vam meej evolutionary yeej ntawm eukaryotes, uas coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li ib tug grandiose ntau yam ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub evolutionary arena ntawm txiv neej nws tus kheej.
Cov qauv ntawm eukaryotic hom hlwb muaj ntau yam yam ntxwv uas tsis yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm prokaryotes. Lub eukaryotic cell muaj ntau cov khoom siv caj ces (90%), uas yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv chromosomal, uas ua kom lawv qhov sib txawv thiab tshwj xeeb. Txhua lub cell eukaryotic yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj cov nucleus cais. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab txawv feature ntawm no cell hom. Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm prokaryotes yog cov organelles ntawm eukaryotic cell - tas li thiab sib txawv intracellular qauv.
Lub eukaryotic cell, piv nrog cov prokaryotic cell, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev ntau theem ntawm kev xaav ntawm ntau yam tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, tsis muaj ib tug universal cell ntawm hom eukaryotic. Tag nrho lawvtus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib txawv tsis txaus ntseeg, uas yog vim qhov tseeb ntawm qhov xav tau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv. Ib qho tseem ceeb heev feature ntawm eukaryotes yog lawv inherent compartmentalization - lub zos ntawm tag nrho cov biochemical txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cais cell compartments sib cais los ntawm ib tug intracellular membrane. Eukaryotes muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm complex structural Cheebtsam. Xws li cov txheej txheem membrane; cytoplasmic matrix, uas yog lub ntsiab intracellular tshuaj; cell organelles yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm eukaryotes.
