Kev Sau cov ntawv tshawb fawb yog txheej txheem ntau theem thiab siv sijhawm uas yuav tsum muaj qee yam kev paub thiab kev txawj los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. Ib tug kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum to taub meej lub hom phiaj: yog vim li cas nws thiaj kawm qhov no los yog cheeb tsam ntawm kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb, nws xav kom ua tiav li cas, yuav ua li cas los ua pov thawj los yog qhia?
Lub ntsiab lus, lub hom phiaj, qhov tseeb, qhov tseem ceeb, qhov tshiab ntawm cov txiaj ntsig, kev kawm thiab cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog cov qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau tsim los ua kom pom tseeb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov teeb meem hauv kev kawm, thiab yav tom ntej los pab cov tus thawj tswj hwm thiab cov neeg tshuaj xyuas sai sai tsim cov kev xav txog qhov project.
Kev tshawb fawb yog ib hom txheej txheem ntawm kev paub, kev tshawb fawb lub hom phiaj ntawm nws cov kev siv ntau yam, uas xaus nrog kev tsim cov kev paub tshiab txog cov khoom ntawm kev kawm.
Nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog nyob rau theem pib los txiav txim siab seb yuav ua li cas rau qhov khoom thiab kev kawm tom ntej. Qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob ua qhov tsis tsim nyog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog siv, txo lub sijhawm thiab cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm theem kev npaj.
tseem ceeb heev kom paub qhov txawvtswvyim "object" thiab "object". Cov kws tshawb fawb hluas feem ntau ntsib teeb meem thaum tsim cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv rau daim diploma lossis tus tswv txoj haujlwm. Txhawm rau zam qhov yuam kev, koj yuav tsum xub paub tias cov ntsiab lus no txhais li cas.
Definition 1
Qhov khoom ntawm kev kawm yog cov txheej txheem lossis cov xwm txheej tsim los ntawm qhov teeb meem uas raug xaiv los kawm.
Item - muaj nyob hauv ib qho khoom. Hauv cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb, lawv cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg (ob qho tib si thiab tshwj xeeb).
Definition 2
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm yog ib feem ntawm qhov muaj tseeb uas twb muaj lawm, uas nyob rau theem tshwj xeeb dhau los ua qhov kev kawm ntawm theoretical lossis kev tsom xam.
Yam khoom thiab cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum ua raws li lub ntsiab lus. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab lus raug ntau dua, nws yooj yim dua los txheeb xyuas lawv.
Definition 3
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm yog dab tsi los yog qhov uas tus kws tshawb fawb npaj siab los kawm txog qhov teeb meem.
Piv txwv li, hauv kev sau xov xwm nws tuaj yeem yog xov xwm tshwj xeeb (xov xwm, xov tooj cua, TV channel). Nyob rau hauv philology, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv uas tus sau npaj los mus txiav txim qhov teeb meem qhia.
Nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm, tus kws tshawb fawb qhia cov khoom, cov yam ntxwv lossis cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau kawm.
Nws tuaj yeem pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm nws cov yam ntxwv:
- spatial (lub nroog, lub tebchaws, cheeb tsam);
- ib ntus (lub sijhawm thiab sijhawm);
- sectoral (hom kev kawmkev ua ub no).
Yog li, cov khoom tshwm sim ua ib feem ntawm ib qho tag nrho thiab tib lub sijhawm ib qho kev pib tswj hwm tus kheej.
Yog li, suav nrog qhov tau hais txog kev tsim cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, peb sau tseg:
- khoom thiab cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm;
- ib yam khoom yog qhov kev xav ntawm qhov teeb meem lossis teeb meem hauv zej zog, txheej txheem, sphere;
- qhov khoom ntawm kev kawm yog ib txwm muaj lub tswv yim dav dua qhov kev kawm;
- tau lees paub qhov khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tus neeg sab nrauv yuav tsum raug thiab tsis muaj kev nkag siab yuam kev kom raug raws li qhov ua tau kom nkag siab txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam.
Lub ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke raws li cov ncauj lus thiab cov khoom ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tiav ntawm koj txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb.
