Niaj hnub nimno philology, raws li kev tshawb fawb, muaj ob peb ntu tseem ceeb, txhua tus tau mob siab rau kev kawm txog ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb lossis chav kawm. Ib qho ntawm cov tshooj no yog mob siab rau xws li ib pawg xws li cov lus. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog dab tsi lexicology yog dab tsi, nws cov ntsiab lus yog dab tsi, thiab qhov tseeb nws kawm.
Definition
Ua ntej tshaj, cia peb pib nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim nws tus kheej thiab cov npe ntawm cov teeb meem tseem ceeb uas science cuam tshuam nrog.
Lexicology yog ib ceg ntawm kev kawm lus uas kawm cov lus, uas yog, cov lus ntawm ib hom lus. Cov lexemes muaj ob lub qauv. Lawv ib txhij muaj cov ntsiab lus thiab ib txoj kev npaj qhia.
Feem ntau, kev tshawb fawb kawm txog cov teeb meem hauv qab no:
- Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus.
- Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov lus thiab cov ntsiab lus muab rau lawv.
- Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog ncaj qha, piv txwv.
- keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov lus, cov lus rov ntxiv.
- Pab pawg ntawm cov lus nyob ntawm lawv lub ntsiab lus stylistic, zaussiv.
Sections
Txhua ntu thiab ntu ntu yog qhov txawv hauv lexicology.
Qhov no suav nrog:
- General lexicology, uas kawm txog cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev txhim kho cov lus, nws txoj haujlwm.
- Specific, kawm cov lus ntawm ib hom lus.
- Historical - kawm keeb kwm ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm cov lus, txoj hauv kev los ntxiv cov lus. Nws lub npe thib ob yog etymology.
- Kev sib piv - kawm cov lus ntawm ob lossis ntau hom lus, qhia txog cov yam ntxwv sib xws thiab sib txawv hauv cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus.
- Applied lexicology yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev hais lus, kab lis kev cai ntawm kev hais lus, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sau cov ntawv txhais lus.
Txuas nrog lwm yam kev qhuab qhia
Peb pom tias lexicology yog dab tsi, tam sim no nws yog lub sijhawm los tham txog dab tsi philological sciences nws txuas nrog.
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lexicography, kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev tsim thiab ua haujlwm phau ntawv txhais lus. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm ntawm lexicography yog phau ntawv txhais lus, uas sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov lus - lawv cov semantics, grammatical nta, Scope ntawm kev siv, keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Lexicographers tau txais tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no ncaj qha nrog kev pab ntawm lexicology.
Nws tseem txuas nrog etymology, kev tshawb fawb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov lus. Nyob rau hauv etymological dictionaries, tsis tsuas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus raug kaw, tab sis kuj nws keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm tsim thiab transformation. Qee zaum hauv chav kawm Lexicology, lub ntsiab lus uas peb tau muab, etymology tsis txawv hauvcais seem.
Onomastics yog kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov npe kom raug. Nws kawm txog qhov tshwm sim thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cov npe kom raug - cov npe thiab lub xeem, npe ntawm lub nroog, zos, dej ntws, tuam txhab, chaw khoom.
Stylistics - kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee pawg ntawm cov lus hauv ib qho style, nyob ntawm seb lawv lub ntsiab lus thiab keeb kwm, qhov twg.
Phraseology yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb uas kawm txog cov kab lus, cov lus pov thawj thiab cov lus hais, txoj hauv kev ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim, lub ntsiab lus. Heev feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus koj yuav saib tau cov seem "Lexicology thiab Phraseology", txawm hais tias ib txhia sau phau ntawv thiab kev cob qhia cov kev kawm tseem nyiam ua rau lawv mus rau hauv ob seem thaum kawm.
School course
Kev paub txog lexicology, zoo li nrog lwm ntu ntawm kev hais lus, pib hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Pib los ntawm qib tsib, cov menyuam yaus tau qhia txog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus - lawv piav qhia tias lexicology yog dab tsi, lawv kawm paub qhov txawv ntawm cov lus sib txawv, cov lus sib txawv thiab homonyms, xaiv cov khub rau lawv, tham txog qhov tsis meej thiab tsis meej ntawm ib lo lus, xav txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm paronymy.. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau nkag mus rau cov khoom nquag thiab tsis muaj zog, ntau txheej ntawm cov lus - jargon, dialectisms, vernacular, clericalisms.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm kuj txhim kho kev txawj ua haujlwm nrog phau ntawv txhais lus - lawv qhia lawv kom pom qee cov lus hauv lawv, nyeem phau ntawv txhais lus kom raug thiab rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm lawv.
Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem siab, cov kev paub uas tau txais yog rov ua dua, ua haujlwm thiab sib sau ua ke.
Kawm hauv University
Nyobphilological faculties, txoj kev kawm ntawm seem "Lexicology" ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus pib nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo. Hauv chav kawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lexicology, kawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov lus los ntawm keeb kwm, nws cov kev ua haujlwm ntau yam, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov chav kawm thiab pab pawg ntawm cov lus.
Tshwj xeeb ua tib zoo kawm cov ntsiab lus xws li synonymy, antonymy, polysemy thiab homonymy, paronymy. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm raug qhia txog ntau yam phau ntawv txhais lus. Heev feem ntau, phraseology kuj suav nrog hauv chav kawm, mob siab rau ob peb zaj lus qhia rau nws.
Kuj, feem ntau, lexicography yog kawm ib txhij nrog lexicology, cais nws mus rau hauv ib chav tshwj xeeb.
Cov Lus Qhia
Peb pom tias lexicology yog dab tsi, nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog dab tsi thiab cov kev tshawb fawb philological uas nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog. Txoj kev kawm ntawm ntu no ntawm kev hais lus pib hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab thaum kawm hauv tsev kawm qib siab ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Philology, qhov kev paub yav dhau los tau tob zuj zus thiab txhim kho.
