Vistula yog tus dej ntev tshaj plaws tsis yog hauv tebchaws Poland nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv hiav txwv B altic. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus dej, nws yog thib ob xwb rau Neva. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub Vistula nyob rau ntawm lub roob Baranya ntawm qhov siab tshaj ntawm ntau tshaj 1 txhiab meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem nyob rau hauv lub Western Carpathians (Moravian-Silesian Beskids). Nws qhov chaw tseem ceeb yog Chernaya Wiselka thiab Belaya Wiselka. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm tus dej yog 1047 kilometers, thiab thaj tsam ntawm nws lub phiab yog 198.5 txhiab square kilometers. Lub Vistula ntws mus rau hauv hiav txwv B altic ze ntawm lub nroog Gdansk. Qhov tob ntawm Vistula hauv qee qhov chaw ncav cuag 7 meters. Cov ceg tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus dej yog San, Western Bug, Narew thiab Pilica. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov channel yog 1,000 meters. Lub Vistula tau txais nws cov dej tseem ceeb los ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm Carpathians. Qhov dej nyab ntawm tus dej yog nyob ntawm cov dej yaj. Muaj dej nyab ob lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij ntuj sov. Kev nce siab thiab nrawm hauv dej, nrog rau cov dej khov khov, tuaj yeem ua rau dej nyab. Vistula ntawm daim ntawv qhia Europe yog nyob nruab nrab.
Kev tsim ntawm tus dej Vistula
Tus dej Vistula tau tshwm sim rau ntiaj chaw ntiaj teb hauv lub sijhawm Quaternary geological. Daim ntawv qhianiaj hnub no tsis qhia qhov loj los yog kev taw qhia ntawm qhov ntws ntawm txoj kev dej. Txij thaum ntawd los, glaciation tau tawm tsam thaj chaw ntawm Poland 8 zaug, thiab txhua zaus nws tau hloov chaw hauv hav dej. Lub Vistula tau coj nws cov kev txwv tam sim no kwv yees li 14 txhiab xyoo dhau los, thaum lub sijhawm kawg ntawm Scandinavian cov dej khov tawm hauv av loj. Tab sis txawm niaj hnub no tus dej txuas ntxiv tsim, qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm nag lossis daus raws tag nrho ntev ntawm cov channel thiab tseem ceeb yaig ntawm ntug dej. Lub ntsiab peculiarity ntawm Vistula ntawm European dej ntws yog nws asymmetry. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm "kev ua haujlwm" ntawm glaciers. Sab laug ntawm lub phiab nyiaj tsuas yog 27%, thaum sab xis yog 73%. Peb hom struts tau pom raws li Vistula: thaj tsam ntawm Carpathian highlands, Western European upland thiab Eastern European tiaj.
Keeb kwm ntawm tus dej thiab ib puag ncig
Thawj zaug tus dej Vistula tau hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Pliny tus Txwj Laug. Nyob rau xyoo pua 2 AD, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws Ptolemy tau sau tias nws yog ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj av ntawm Sarmatians thiab Germans. Nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, lub Vistula River phiab tau suav hais tias yog thaj av ntawm cov pab pawg neeg German. Cov Slavs tau tsa thaj chaw no nyob rau hauv lub 6th-8th centuries. Cov Vistleans tsim ib lub xeev nrog peb lub peev: Krakow, Straduve thiab Sandomierz. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10th, lub teb chaws tau kov yeej los ntawm lwm pab pawg neeg ntawm Slavs - glades, uas tsim niaj hnub Poland. Krakow tseem yog lub peev. Cov vajntxwv Polish tau ua vajntxwv kav ntawm no mus txog rau xyoo 1610, thaum Warsaw tau los ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub xeev. Lub Vistula yeej ib txwm yog txoj kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm sab hauv Europe mus rau B altichav.
Kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm Vistula
Vistula (Poland) yog lub tebchaws txoj kev dej loj tshaj plaws. Nws muaj txog li 60% ntawm tag nrho cov dej reserves, thiab nws lub phiab npog ib nrab ntawm lub xeev. Tus dej Vistula plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam hauv tebchaws Poland. Nws tau tsim cov khoom thauj thiab cov neeg caij tsheb thauj mus los rau cov nkoj nrog kev hloov pauv mus txog 500 tons. Muaj ob peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob rau ntawm Vistula, qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Wloclawek hydroelectric power station. Nws lub peev xwm yog ntau tshaj 160 MW. Ntxiv rau kev muab cov khoom vaj khoom tsev nyob hauv tebchaws Poland, tus dej muab dej rau kev lag luam xws li New Huta metallurgical cog thiab metallurgy giant Kotowice, petrochemical tuam txhab hauv Płock, kev cob qhia ntawm FAS (Warsaw Car Plant), nitrogen chiv cog hauv Wloclawik thiab ntau ntau.
Sights, ua si thiab tourism
Vistula yog tus dej uas ntxim nyiam rau ntau yam kev ua si. Cov no yog hiking thiab dej tourism, nrog rau dej cruise. Muaj ob qhov chaw ua si zoo nkauj ntawm nws: ntawm lub qhov ncauj thiab "Vepsh". Cov dej ntws los ntawm cov nroog loj loj xws li Warsaw, Krakow, Gdansk, Wloclawek, Plock, Tarnobrzeg, Torun thiab lwm yam. Ib qho kev nthuav dav ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv Westerplatte Bay ntawm Gdansk, qhov twg thawj kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau tshwm sim. Taug kev raws Vistula, koj tuaj yeem pom cov monuments zoo nkauj ntawm architecture thiab keeb kwm: Cathedral ntawm St. Stanislaus thiab Wenceslas hauv Krakow, Lub Nroog Qub hauv Tarnobrzeg, Royal Tsev fuabtais, Lazensk thiab cov thawj tswj hwm palaces - hauv Warsaw, Kev Sib Koom Tes Choj hauv Plock,lub nroog thiab lub tsev teev ntuj huab tais hauv Gdansk, lub tsev ntawm tus naas ej astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus hauv Torun, Czartoryski palace thiab chaw ua si hauv Puława. Cov neeg ncig teb chaw raws Vistula tau nrov heev ntawm cov neeg Lavxias nyob rau xyoo tas los no.
