Kab muaj ntau hom qhov ncauj. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawm arthropod, nws hom tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum lub neej thaum lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob hloov. Qhov no yog vim qhov xav tau hloov mus rau lwm qhov kev noj haus. Yog li ntawd, caterpillars pub rau ntawm nplooj ntawm nplooj thiab muaj gnawing qhov ncauj. Npauj npaim lub qhov ncauj yog rau cov kua zaub xwb.
Nyob ntawm qhov ncauj
hom kab kab qhov ncauj yog dab tsi? Txij li thaum lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yog evolutionarily tsim los ntawm ob txhais ceg ntawm arthropods, yuav tsum muaj ib co kev txwv ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, peb pom ntau qhov ncauj qhov ncauj:
- Nyob. suav tias yog thawj. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv tag nrho cov thawj qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov ncauj apparatus ntawm kab: ob daim di ncauj thiab ob lub puab tsaig ntawm lub puab tsaig. Kab ntsig, nas tsuag muaj cov cuab yeej zoo li no.
- Tub-nqus. Lub qhov ncauj apparatus yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug nqus proboscis. Qee lub cev ntawm cov cuab yeej qub tau ploj lawm. Muajtsuas yog hauv Lepidoptera xwb.
- niam. Qhov no yog ib tug overgrown daim di ncauj. Tus neeg sawv cev yog ya. Nws tsuas noj tau zaub mov xwb.
- Prickly-nqus. Qhov no kuj yog ib tug proboscis, tab sis ntau complex. yoov tshaj cum, aphids muaj cov cuab yeej zoo li no.
- Nkauj-liab. Bees thiab bumblebees muaj peev xwm rho tawm nectar los ntawm cov nroj tsuag sib sib zog nqus nectar-bearing, tag nrho ua tsaug rau kev hloov kho lub puab tsaig thiab qis di ncauj.
- Ntxhis. Lub puab tsaig sab sauv tau hloov mus rau hauv cov hniav, uas tau pom nyob rau hauv horseflies. Lawv nqus ntshav nrog kev pab ntawm daim di ncauj, ib feem uas muaj cov qauv spongy.
Ntxiv rau cov hom tseem ceeb saum toj no, kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv qhov ncauj tsawg dua. Xwm tau ua tiav kev sim thiab tsim ntau yam kev hloov kho hauv nruab nrog cev.
Piv txwv li, hauv kab npauj npaim larvae, daim di ncauj qis yog elongated thiab zoo li ib txhais tes. Nws mam li dhia mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab tuav nws cov tsiaj. Xws li tsim yog hu ua science "mask".
Blackfly larvae uas nyob hauv dej pub rau pom. Lub tshuab ua kom lub cev muaj zog tso cai rau koj txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws, koj yuav nkag mus rau cov kab mob. Xws li cov larvae muaj ib hom lim ntawm lub qhov ncauj apparatus.
Npauj Npaim muaj qhov ncauj dab tsi?
Npauj npaim yog cov mos mos thiab zoo nkauj. Peb feem ntau pom lawv zaum saum paj. Rau kev pub mis nrog nectar, xav tau ib qho khoom siv hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub raj. Cov kab no tsis gnaw dab tsi. Hom lub qhov ncauj apparatus ntawm npauj npaim yog tubular nqus.
Device
Lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus npauj npaim yog qhov yooj yim tab sis elegant. Lub proboscis tau tsim muaj zogelongated maxilla, uas yog, lub puab tsaig qis. Lub qhov ncauj apparatus ntawm npauj npaim muaj ob daim di ncauj sab sauv thiab qis. Lawv nyob, feem, saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm proboscis. Lub puab tsaig sab sauv - mandibles - hauv Lepidoptera yog txo mus rau tubercles los yog ploj tag. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm evolution, lub palps ntawm lub sab di ncauj tau khaws cia. Lawv muaj peb ntu thiab zoo li lub kav hlau txais xov luv ntxiv.
Proboscis ua haujlwm
Lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus npauj npaim yog qhov tsim zoo nkauj. Lub proboscis nruj nruj thaum so.
Rau kev pub mis, tus npauj npaim nthuav tawm nws thiab kov nws nrog lub ntsis ntawm nws cov proboscis nrhiav zaub mov uas nws yav dhau los xav nrog nws paws. Nws nyob ntawm lub paws ntawm cov kab no uas cov receptors lub luag haujlwm rau saj yog nyob.
Qee tus npauj npaim pub rau ntawm paj paj. Hauv qhov no, qhov ntev ntawm lawv cov proboscis coincides nrog qhov ntev ntawm nectarfers, uas lawv feem ntau tau txais zaub mov. Tib hom Lepidoptera tuaj yeem, yog tias ua tau, tau txais cov kua txiv ntoo lossis kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo txaus.
Lawv yuav nyiam cov jam uas tau tso los ntawm tib neeg, ntau yam khoom qab zib, txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Muaj ntau hom Lepidoptera uas pub rau aphid secretions. Qee hom imago tsis pub txhua. Nyob rau hauv xws li cov neeg sawv cev, lub proboscis yog underdeveloped. Piv txwv li, hauv wavelets.
Npauj Npaim nrog gnawing lub qhov ncauj
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus npauj npaim muaj qhov nqus qhov ncauj. Muaj hom kab npauj uas muaj lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj. Cov neeg sawv cev no tau tsim lub puab tsaig sab sauv. Npauj npaim nrog gnawing qhov ncauj yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib cais ntawm Gnawing. Lawv yogmuaj peev xwm noj roughage. Tag nrho lwm cov neeg sawv cev koom nrog Hobotkov suborder, lawv muaj lub tshuab nqus lub qhov ncauj.
Yog li, lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus npauj npaim yog hom nqus. Lub proboscis ntev heev, tab sis kom xws li ib tug tsim tsis cuam tshuam, nws yog folded mus rau hauv ob peb rings nyob rau hauv ib tug calm lub xeev. Lub proboscis yog elastic, hloov tau. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ob lub puab tsaig qis, txhua tus uas muaj lub ntsej muag ntawm lub qhov ncauj.
