Potassium permanganate hauv Latin hu ua Kalii permanganas. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nws tsuas yog poov tshuaj permanganate - poov tshuaj ntsev nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm permanganic acid. Letter npe KMnO. Hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov organics, nws tsim cov protein - albuminate, nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav ntawm lub cev, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no kis tau los ntawm kev hnov mob, knitting, khaus hauv zos, thaum muaj kev kho mob thiab cov cuab yeej ntawm deodorant thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Potassium permanganate yog tau los ntawm electrochemical oxidation ntawm manganese tebchaw los yog los ntawm kev hloov lawv proportions. Nov yog qee qhov kev cuam tshuam rau poov tshuaj permanganate, dav siv hauv kev lag luam thiab chaw muag tshuaj:
2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O
2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 +H2↑ + 2KOH.
Ntawm no, raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, manganese, oxidized, cuam tshuam nrog chlorine ntsev thiab poov tshuaj molecules. Qhov thib ob cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam, vim nws tsim cov poov tshuaj permanganate endothermally thaum lub sij hawm electrolysis ntawm concentrate.
Lub cev muaj zog ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate
Hauv kev tshawb fawb, qhov sib xyaw no yog hu ua poov tshuaj permanganate, uas yog cov nplais ntawm cov duab rhombic thiab xim liab doog. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov muaju, poov tshuaj permanganate decomposes ntawm ib tug kub kub ntawm 240 ° C thiab saum toj no, tsim oxygen evolution. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no:
2KMnO4=K2MnO4+MnO2+O2.
Density of substance 2,703 g/cm. lub voos xwmfab, molar loj ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate yog 158.03 g / mol. Lub solubility ntawm cov compound nyob rau hauv dej nyob ntawm seb qhov concentration ntawm cov concentration, nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov dej (cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub rooj 1).
Table 1. Solubility ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate ntawm qhov sib txawv kub
| tacts | 0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
| gram crystals / 100g dej | 2,8 | 4, 1 | 6, 4 | 8, 3 | 11, 2 | 14, 4 |
Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov crystals ntxiv rau cov dej ntawm qhov kub sib txawv, txhua qhov kev daws yuav muaj nws tus kheej ntxoov ntxoo - los ntawm faint, daj ntseg crimson ntawm qis concentration mus rau ntshav-violet - ntawm qhov siab. Lwm cov kuab tshuaj rau poov tshuaj permanganate crystals yog acetone, ammonia thiab methyl cawv.
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate
Cov tshuaj "potassium permanganate" yog ib qho muaj zog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev. Nyob ntawm thaj chaw pH, nws ua rau ntau hom tshuaj, raug txo qis hauv qhov sib npaug rau manganese tebchaw ntawm ntau lub xeev oxidation. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic - II, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw alkaline - mus txog rau VI, nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab ib puag ncig, feem - mus txog rau IV.
Thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog sulfuric acid concentrate, poov tshuaj permanganate, uas nws cov tshuaj muaj zog qhia oxidation, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawg, thiab thaum tshav kub kub, tso pa oxygen - hom kev rho tawm O2 yog dav siv hauv kev lag luam.
Kev siv cov poov tshuaj permanganate
Hauv kev sim niaj hnub no, cov poov tshuaj permanganate muaj ntau hauv cov organic synthesis ua tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem alkaline, nws yog ib qho tshuaj ntxuav tes zoo thiab degreaser. Kev siv nrov thiab thoob ntiaj teb ntawm 0.1% kev daws teeb meem hauv cov tshuaj yog kev kho mob kub hnyiab, yaug, tua kab mob, thiab tshem tawm cov co toxins. Qee lub tsev muag tshuaj tsis tso cov tshuaj no, vim nws raug cais raws li kev tawg los ntawm Ministry. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov poov tshuaj permanganate hauv cov khw muag khoom vaj, qhov twg nws raug muag hauv daim ntawv chiv.
