Txoj kev kawm niaj hnub hauv tebchaws Russia tau hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv 20 xyoo dhau los. Cov txheej txheem no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Yav dhau los, kev kawm qib siab tau txo qis rau ib qho kev kawm - tus kws tshaj lij. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tom qab cov tsev kawm haujlwm ua haujlwm lossis cov tsev kawm txuj ci, lub npe suab zoo li "tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb", thiab tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, ib lub koom haum, ib tug neeg tau dhau los ua "tus kws tshaj lij". Tsuas yog. Laconically. Ntshiab. Tab sis nws tsis muaj feem xyuam rau European txoj kev kawm uas tau hloov zuj zus mus rau ntau pua xyoo. Yog li ntawd, cov ntawv pov thawj uas tau tshaj tawm ua ntej tsis tuaj yeem hais tawm txawv teb chaws ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog cov neeg nyob ntawd - pawg ntawm kev kawm tsis sib xws.
Txhua yam hloov pauv nrog kev ywj pheej thiab cov chav kawm coj mus rau kev koom ua ke rau hauv European txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev kawm muaj ntau yam degrees - "bachelor", "specialist" thiab "master". Qhov kawg yog dab tsi? Cia peb nyob ntawm qhov teeb meem no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Master's degree yog ib theem ntawm kev kawm qib siab. Nws ua raws tom qab kawm tiav bachelor's degree thiab yog tsim los kom nkag siab txog kev paub txog kev txawj ntse. Yog tias daim bachelor's degree raug txiav txim siabFeem ntau, kev kawm tiav qib siab uas tso cai rau koj los ua haujlwm raws li qhov profile koj tau txais, tom qab ntawv kawm tiav qib siab yog lub pob zeb nce toj ntawm txoj kev mus rau txoj haujlwm tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tom qab kawg ntawm lub xyoo 4th nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv, cov ndlwg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob qhov chaw - "tshwj xeeb" thiab "masters". Cov qub tau txais kev paub ntxiv tsom rau cov txuj ci hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab lawv daim ntawv thov. Masters, ntawm qhov tod tes, mob siab rau lawv cov kev kawm rau polishing kev paub xws li, nrog rau kev kawm txog txoj kev tshawb fawb, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev tshwj xeeb, txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv tiav thiab txuas ntxiv kev tshawb fawb.
Feem ntau, kev nkag mus rau tus tswv txoj haujlwm yog ua los ntawm kev sib tw thiab raws li tus tub ntxhais kawm thov. Ntawd yog, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm bachelor's, qhov qhab nia nruab nrab rau 4 xyoo dhau los ntawm kev kawm, nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm tus kheej kev ua tiav hauv kev kawm raug suav nrog. Kev kawm nyob rau hauv master's speci alties tuaj yeem kav ntev li ib mus rau ob xyoos, thiab xaus nrog kev sau ntawv ntawm tus tswv txoj haujlwm - kev ua haujlwm puv ntoob ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, uas nws tau tsim thaum nws kawm, thiab hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv - kuj dhau qhov kev xeem tsim nyog hauv ib speci alty.
Tib lub sijhawm, ib tus yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias tus master's degree yog qee yam kev kawm qib siab tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm "tus kws tshaj lij" lossis "bachelors". Qhov no tsis muaj tseeb. Nws tsuas yog hais tias qhov tshwj xeeb theem ntawm kev cob qhia no yog npaj rau kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb, thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, feem ntau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tswv yim kev txawj ntse. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, master's degree tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv absentia. Raws li cov qauv niaj hnubkev kawm, qhov degree no tsuas yog tau los ntawm kev kawm hauv tsev kho mob. Txawm hais tias, tau kawg, tej zaum yuav muaj kev zam rau cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv kev kawm ntiag tug.
Feem ntau, kev kawm tiav qib siab tsis yog ib txoj hauv kev los koom nrog kev tshawb fawb hauv lub neej raws li cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb hauv koj daim teb, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev npaj zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm rau kev tshawb fawb lub neej, tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sau ntawv, kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb. thiab tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua tiav nws. Nws tsis muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis txhawm rau txhawm rau txuas ntxiv koj txoj kev kawm ntxiv hauv ib lub tsev kawm txawv teb chaws, kev tau txais qib no tsuas yog muaj txiaj ntsig xwb.
