Siberian Khanate. Lub peev ntawm Siberian Khanate. Siberian Khanate: lub sijhawm tshwm sim

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Siberian Khanate. Lub peev ntawm Siberian Khanate. Siberian Khanate: lub sijhawm tshwm sim
Siberian Khanate. Lub peev ntawm Siberian Khanate. Siberian Khanate: lub sijhawm tshwm sim
Anonim

Raws li Wikipedia omniscient, Siberian Khanate yog lub xeev feudal uas nyob hauv Western Siberia. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub kaum plaub caug xyoo. Cov Turks yog cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Khanate. Nws ciam teb rau thaj av Perm, Nogai Horde thiab Irtysh Teleuts. Sab qaum teb ciam teb ntawm Siberian Khanate mus txog qis dua ntawm Ob, thaum ciam teb sab hnub tuaj nyob ib sab ntawm Piebald Horde.

Siberian Khanate
Siberian Khanate

Puas yog txhua yam tseeb?

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tsim lub xeev no. Tag nrho cov ntawv sau uas tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no hais txog lub sijhawm uas Siberian Khanate tau txuas ntxiv. Lawv yog cov memoirs ntawm Cossacks, sau ua ke los ntawm Archbishop Cyprian nyob rau hauv 1622. Kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tawm ntau yam xav tau. Tag nrho cov keeb kwm yav dhau los tau muab tso ua ke kom txaus siab rau lub tsev teev ntuj Christian thiab kev kav dynasty. Ib qhocov ntaub ntawv uas tsis sib haum xeeb txoj kev xav tau tsuas yog rhuav tshem. Dab tsi yog qhov nthuav tshaj plaws, tsis yog ib lub npib ntawm Siberian Khanate tau muaj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no (tseem ceeb, lawv tau nrawm nrawm thiab yaj, txij li lawv tau tawm tsam feem ntau lees txais version). Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, heev cynical manipulations nrog keeb kwm ntawm peb lub xeev tsis yog tshiab, nws tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm, thiab tsis tas yuav saib mus rau hauv nws qhov tob, nws yog txaus kom pom yuav ua li cas cov xwm txheej ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob cuam tshuam, thiab qhov no. txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus neeg tim khawv txog lub sijhawm ntawd tseem muaj sia nyob.

lub peev ntawm Siberian Khanate
lub peev ntawm Siberian Khanate

Thiab cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Siberia tawm tsam…

Historians, thaum sau cov keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm peb lub xeev, cia siab rau cov ntaub ntawv sau xwb. Rau kev sib piv: thaum piav txog cov kev vam meej thaum ub ntawm lub ntiaj teb, cov kws tshawb fawb feem ntau siv cov kev cai ntawm cov neeg, lawv cov lus dab neeg, cov dab neeg thiab lwm tus los ua qhov chaw, thiab tsuas yog thaum nws los txog rau Russia, lawv sawv hauv qhov kev xav thiab xav tau cov ntaub ntawv sau tsis raug, thiab tag nrho lwm yam artifacts: architecture, precious hniav nyiaj hniav kub, riam phom, tsis hais txog lub loj loj txheej ntawm lub qhov ncauj cov ntaub ntawv dhau los ntawm tiam mus rau tiam - lawv tsis kam txais. Yog vim li cas? Qhov tseeb yog tias tag nrho cov peev txheej no tawm tsam qhov kev lees paub ntawm keeb kwm. Peb yuav tsis txawm coj Lavxias teb sab fairy tales, epics thiab legends ua lub hauv paus. Cia peb tig mus rau qhov chaw ywj pheej - cov neeg hauv paus txawm ntawm Siberia, Far East thiab Lavxias North. Nws hloov tawm tias lawv khaws cia rau hauv lawv cov lus dab neeg hais txog leej twg nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam no nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Yog liCov lus ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas kev coj noj coj ua thaum ub: Evenki, Chukchi, Yakuts, Khanty, Mansei thiab ntau lwm tus - bearded neeg dawb nrog lub qhov muag xim ntawm lub ntuj siv los nyob ntawm no, lawv qhia cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm niaj hnub mus yos hav zoov, ntses, yug me nyuam. mos lwj thiab lwm yam tricks uas tso cai rau lawv kom ciaj sia nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob ntawm sab qaum teb. Thiab muaj ntau ntau zaj dab neeg zoo sib xws, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb nyiam tsis pom lawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau cov lus nug tshwm sim, suav nrog leej twg tau teeb tsa lub npe hu ua Turkic? Puas yog txhua yam tseeb hauv qhov no? Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis yog vim li cas tsis muaj ib qho kev sau ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Zoo, cia peb ua tiav peb cov lus hais tawm thiab tau paub nrog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd thiab nrhiav seb Siberian Khanate tau txuas ntxiv li cas. Ntxiv mus, tus neeg paub ntawv nws tus kheej yuav ntes qhov tsis sib xws thiab pom tseeb kev dag hauv qhov kev xav no.

annexation ntawm Siberian Khanate
annexation ntawm Siberian Khanate

Turks ntawm Western Siberia: ua ntej Mongol conquest

Nws ntseeg tias cov no yog tib neeg Huns uas thaum chiv keeb nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab tom qab ntawd tsiv mus rau Siberia thaum xyoo 90 BC, thiab tom qab ntawd qee tus ntawm lawv nyob rau xyoo 150 AD - txuas ntxiv mus rau sab hnub poob. Qhov thib ob nthwv dej no nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua plaub txaus ntshai tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe. Muaj kev xyaum tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog dab tsi Siberian Khanate yog thaum kaj ntug ntawm kev vam meej (lub sijhawm ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim tsis paub). Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws sau keeb kwm G. Fayzrakhmanov muab cov npe ntawm thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev no (Ishim Khanate): Kyzyl-tin, Devlet-Yuvash, Ishim, Mamet, Kutash, Allagul, Kuzey,Ebardul, Bakhmur, Yakhshimet, Yurak, Munchak, Yuzak, Munchak thiab On-son. Tus kws tshawb fawb hais txog qee qhov xwm txheej, uas nws muaj hmoo tau kawm, tab sis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg siab ntawm daim ntawv no nyob qhov twg. Xav tias daim ntawv teev npe no yog qhov tseeb, nws zoo nkaus li tias cov thawj coj tuav lub hwj chim los ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum ib mus txog rau xyoo 1230s. Lub xeem khan los ntawm cov npe xa mus rau Genghis Khan.

haiv neeg ntawm Siberian Khanate
haiv neeg ntawm Siberian Khanate

Western Siberia tom qab Tatar-Mongol conquest

Ntawm no dua peb tau ntsib nrog cov ntaub ntawv txwv. Yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog yuav ua li cas kev kov yeej ntawm Western Siberia los ntawm Mongols tau tshwm sim. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias txhua yam tau ua nrog cov tub rog me. Yog li ntawd, kev sib tw ntawm ib qho kev sib cais me me tsuas yog tsis suav nrog hauv cov ntawv xov xwm Mongolian. Txawm hais tias lub npe "Siberia" tau hais nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv, nws txhais tau hais tias Genghis Khan txawm li cas los yeej kov yeej lub xeev no. Cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm (piv txwv li, Peter Godunov) hais tias tom qab Genghis Khan tau kov yeej Bukhara, Taibuga tau thov nws ntau heev raws tus dej ntws ntawm Tura, Irtysh thiab Ishim. Cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm no Taibuga txuas ntxiv ua tus tswv av no. Raws li cov keeb kwm, Taibuga yog tus khan ntawm ib tug me me nomadic detachment uas koom nrog cov tub rog ntawm Genghis Khan.

Turkic xeev
Turkic xeev

New dynasty

Yog li ntawd, lub qub dynasty ntawm Ishim Khanate tau cuam tshuam thiab muaj tus kav tshiab tshwm sim. Lub sijhawm no, lub peev tshiab ntawm Siberian Khanate tau tshwm sim - Tyumen, uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias "tumen", uas yog, "kaum txhiab". Thaj, Taibuga tau lees paub los ua pov thawj nrogkaum txhiab tus tub rog ntawm nws cov khoom. Qhov no yog qhov uas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub khanate xaus. Muaj tseeb tiag, tus kws sau keeb kwm G. Fayzrakhmanov, rov hais txog qhov tsis paub txog keeb kwm, muab cov npe tshiab ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm lub xeev no: Taybuga, Khoja, Mar (los yog Umar), Ader (Obder) thiab Yabalak (Eblak), Muhammad, Angish (Agay), Kazy (Kasim), Yediger thiab Bek Bulat (cov kwv tij), Senbakta, Sauskan.

Siberian Khanate lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm
Siberian Khanate lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm

Tokhtamysh thiab Khanate ntawm Siberia

Tus Great Khan ntawm Golden Horde yog ib haiv neeg ntawm Blue Horde, uas nyob ib sab ntawm Tyumen yurt. Tom qab swb nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Vorskla, nws khiav mus rau Western Siberia. Nws tau ua dab tsi ntawm no, tsis muaj ntaub ntawv, feem ntau yuav, nws mus rau Siberian Khanate. Dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej no, ib tus tsuas tuaj yeem kwv yees, ob puas xyoo cov thawj coj tau ua tiav ib leeg. Cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kev ntseeg tau tshwm sim nrog lub zog los ntawm Khan Kuchum hauv 1563.

Siberian Khanate
Siberian Khanate

Conquest ntawm Siberian Khanate

Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 30, 1574, tus qauv ntawm lub hom phiaj geopolitical niaj hnub tau yug los hauv lub nroog ntawm Lavxias lub xeev. Ivan IV tshaj tawm tsab ntawv qhuas rau Stroganov xeem (hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tsis xav txog cov laj thawj nom tswv thiab kev ua si tom qab ua ntej cov xwm txheej no) rau kev muaj thaj av uas yuav tsum xub kov yeej. Thiab yog li pib lub epic ntawm Yermak Timofeevich, uas tau coj cov tub rog kev sib tw hauv cov av no. Peb yuav tsis piav txog lub tuam txhab no, nws tau piav qhia zoo nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Cia peb hais tias Siberian Khanate tau raug kov yeej hauv 1583. Txawm li cas los xij, Khan Kuchum mus hauv av thiab txuas ntxiv mus ua rog tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam, vim tias Yermak tuag tom qab raug ntes los ntawm Khan cov tub rog hauv 1584. Tab sis qhov no tsis tuaj yeem cawm khanate. Nyob rau hauv 1586, ib tug detachment ntawm archers xa los ntawm lub metropolis ua tiav cov hauj lwm pib los ntawm Yermak.

Cov neeg ntawm Siberian Khanate

Zoo kawg, ib tug yuav tsum rov nug txog cov neeg uas nyob hauv lub xeev no. Puas yog Turkic pej xeem? Tej zaum qhov official version zais qhov tseeb ntawm peb?..

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