Lub ventricle sab nraud, nrog rau cov kab noj hniav hauv lub hlwb, yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke uas CSF ncig. Lawv sib txuas lus nrog qhov chaw subarachnoid ntawm tus txha caj qaum. Sab hauv ntawm cov kab noj hniav no yog lined nrog ependyma. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog tswj hwm qhov kev pom zoo ntawm lub siab sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum.
Nyob ntawm lub hlwb
Lub ventricle sab nraud yog cov kab noj hniav me me hauv lub hlwb loj uas tsim cov kua cerebrospinal tshwj xeeb. Lawv suav hais tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm ventricular system. Qhov no yog ib khub tsim, thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb topography rau nws.
Lub sab laug ventricle yog ib txwm hu ua thawj. Txoj cai yog thib ob. Lawv yog symmetrical ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab nyob ib sab anatomical qauv, thiab nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub epiphysis ntawm ob sab ntawm lub midline. Nyob rau hauv txhua lub ventricle, lub cev thiab horns yog txawv: anterior, posterior thiab qis dua. Lub ventricles lateral txuas mus rau qhov thib peb ventricle los ntawm foramen ntawm Monroe.
Lub ventricle thib peb yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm rau kev pom. Nws muaj cov duab ntawm lub nplhaib thiab hauv nws phab ntsa yog qhov teeb meem grey ntawm lub hlwb,muaj autonomic ganglia. Ntxiv nrog rau lub ventricles lateral, qhov kab noj hniav no txuas nrog lub aqueduct ntawm lub hlwb.
Plaub lub ventricle nyob nruab nrab ntawm hauv qab lub cerebellum. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, nws zoo li lub pyramid thiab ntau yog hu ua rhomboid fossa. Ntxiv nrog rau cov kua dej cerebrospinal, feem ntau ntawm cov hlab ntsha qaum qaum yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm fossa.
Choroid plexuses
Lub ventricle lateral tsuas yog ib feem ntawm cov choroid plexus. Feem ntau ntawm cov qauv no yog nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub thib peb thiab plaub ventricles. Lawv yog lub luag haujlwm rau feem ntau ntawm kev tsim cov kua cerebrospinal. Ntxiv rau lawv, txoj haujlwm no tau ua ncaj qha los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, nrog rau ependyma, uas npog sab hauv ntawm lub ventricles ntawm lub hlwb.
Morphologically, cov choroid plexuses yog outgrowths ntawm pia mater, raus hauv lub ventricles. Sab nraum, cov protrusions yog them nrog cubic tshwj xeeb choroid epithelium.
Ependymocytes
Lub ventricles ntawm lub hlwb yog kab los ntawm sab hauv nrog cov ntaub so ntswg tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem tsim CSF thiab nqus tau nws. Qhov no yuav pab ua kom cov kua dej zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov kab noj hniav thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov nce hauv intracranial siab.
Cov hlwb ntawm lub epithelium no muaj ntau yam organelles thiab ib tug loj nucleus. Lawv sab nrauv yog them nrog ntau tus microvilli, lawv pab txoj kev txav ntawm cerebrospinal kua, nrog rau nws nqus. Sab nraum lub ependyma yog Colmer hlwb, uas yog suav hais tias yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm macrophages muaj peev xwm txav mus raws.lub cev.
Los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv me me hauv qab daus daim nyias nyias ntawm epindemocytes, cov ntshav plasma nkag mus rau hauv cov kab noj hniav ntawm lub ventricles. Cov proteins uas tsim ncaj qha los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm sab hauv epithelium ntawm lub hlwb kab noj hniav yog ntxiv rau nws, thiab qhov no yog li cas cov kua cerebrospinal tau txais.
Blood-brain barrier
Lub cev thiab lub cev ntawm lub ventricles lateral tsim muaj cov ntshav-hlwb lossis hematoliquor barrier nrog lawv hauv ob sab phlu. Nws yog ib qho kev sau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim:
- capillary endothelial cytoplasm;
- cov ntaub so ntswg uas muaj macrophages;
- endothelial hauv qab daim nyias nyias;
- ependymal cells;
- hauv qab daus membrane ntawm ependyma.
Cov qauv tsim zoo li no yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom lag luam metabolic, tshuaj thiab lwm yam tshuaj lom los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov kua cerebrospinal.
Cerebrospinal kua
Cov qauv ntawm lub ventricles lateral yog tsim ib nrab ib liter ntawm CSF ib hnub twg, tab sis tsuas yog ib puas thiab plaub caug milliliters ntawm cov nyiaj no tas li circulates nyob rau hauv lub subarachnoid qhov chaw. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub hauv paus rau cerebrospinal kua yog ntshav plasma, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov electrolytes thiab cov protein. Thawj qhov yog siab dua, thiab qhov thib ob yog qis dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho me me ntawm lymphocytes feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov kua cerebrospinal. CSF reabsorption tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm vascular plexus implants.
Cov haujlwm CSF hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- detoxification (kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom metabolic);
- depreciation (thaum taug kev, ntog, ntse tig);
- tsim ntawm lub plhaub hydrostatic nyob ib ncig ntawm lub paj hlwb;
- tswj qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm cov kua dej hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub paj hlwb;
- thauj (hloov cov tshuaj hormones thiab qee yam tshuaj).
Thaum ib sab ventricle (los yog ob qho tib si) tsim cov kua ntau dua li lawv nqus tau, cov kab mob xws li hydrocephalus tsim. Lub ntim sab hauv ntawm lub ventricles ntawm lub hlwb maj mam nce, squeezing lub hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg. Qee lub sij hawm qhov no ua rau tsis muaj ischemia thiab necrosis.
Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab thiab cov menyuam yaus, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kabmob no yog qhov loj me ntawm lub hlwb pob txha taub hau piv rau lub ntsej muag, bulging ntawm fontanelles, qhov kev ntxhov siab tsis tsim nyog ntawm tus menyuam, tig mus rau hauv lub siab xav. Cov neeg laus yws txog mob taub hau, mob qhov muag, xeev siab thiab ntuav.
Rau kev kuaj mob, cov txheej txheem neuroimaging yog siv: kev kho magnetic resonance lossis xam tomography. Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kho tus kab mob no kom raws sij hawm tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob muaj cov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab tswj tau lub neej zoo li qub.
